{"id":2144,"date":"2009-11-04T06:40:58","date_gmt":"2009-11-04T08:40:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2144"},"modified":"2026-08-15T15:42:32","modified_gmt":"2026-08-15T18:42:32","slug":"%d1%84%d0%be%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b0-mashou-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b8%d1%85-%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/forma-mashou-dos-verbos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 (mashou): \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A <strong>\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 (<em>mashou<\/em>)<\/strong> \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f: \u201c\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u043c?\u201d. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u201c\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435\u201d \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0443 \u043a \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044e.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c?<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e <strong>\u0432\u0435\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430<\/strong> \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u201c\u0412\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f\u201d \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0443. \u0421 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0443.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u3044\u3063\u3057\u3087\u306b\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Issho ni nihongo o benky\u014d shimash\u014d.<\/em><br \/>\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0437\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a <em>mash\u014d<\/em> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <em>mashou<\/em>. \u0412 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u3057\u3087\u3046 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0443\u044e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u201c\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0451:\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f. \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u201c\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u201d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435, \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/%d0%bf%d0%be%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bd%d1%86%d0%b8%d0%b0%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%8f-%d1%84%d0%be%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b0-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b8%d1%85-%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%bb\/\">\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432<\/a>. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u201c\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c\u201d, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%b5-%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%bb%d1%8b-%d0%b2-%d1%84%d0%be%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b5-%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%b9\/\">\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u305f\u3044<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0441 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435: \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u307e\u3059 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 <strong>\u307e\u3059<\/strong> \u043d\u0430 <strong>\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0430 + \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u307e\u3059<\/th>\n<th>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/th>\n<th>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u884c\u304f (<em>iku<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/td>\n<td>\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8a71\u3059 (<em>hanasu<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/td>\n<td>\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u98df\u3079\u308b (<em>\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/td>\n<td>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u3059\u308b (<em>\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0443<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/td>\n<td>\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u043c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6765\u308b (<em>\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0443<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/td>\n<td>\u6765\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0451\u043c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043b <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/%d1%84%d0%be%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b0-%d0%bc%d0%b0%d1%81%d1%83-%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b2-%d0%b2-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%bc-%d1%8f%d0%b7%d1%8b%d0%ba\/\">\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u307e\u3059 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432,<\/a> \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b. \u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u307e\u3059 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u884c\u304f, \u98df\u3079\u308b \u0438 \u3059\u308b, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/%d0%b3%d1%80%d1%83%d0%bf%d0%bf%d1%8b-%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b2-%d0%b2-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%bc-%d1%8f%d0%b7%d1%8b%d0%ba%d0%b5\/\">\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads6-->\n\n<h2>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/h2>\n\n<h3>1. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u4f11\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Yasumimash\u014d.<\/em><br \/>\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u043e\u0445\u043d\u0451\u043c.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u3053\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Kono mondai ni tsuite hanashimash\u014d.<\/em><br \/>\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0412 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043e\u0449\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0435.<\/p>\n\n<h3>2. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u041e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A: \u571f\u66dc\u65e5\u3001\u3044\u3063\u3057\u3087\u306b\u663c\u3054\u98ef\u3092\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Doy\u014dbi, issho ni hirugohan o tabemasen ka.<\/em><br \/>\u041d\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B: \u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Ii desu ne. Tabemash\u014d.<\/em><br \/>\u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f. \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n\n<h3>3. \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u6642\u306b\u99c5\u3067\u4f1a\u3044\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Sanji ni eki de aimash\u014d.<\/em><br \/>\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u3053\u3053\u307e\u3067\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Ky\u014d wa koko made ni shimash\u014d.<\/em><br \/>\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043c.<\/p>\n\n<h3>4. \u041f\u043e\u043e\u0449\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0443<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u0423\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u4f8b\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Rei o mite mimash\u014d.<\/em><br \/>\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u6bce\u65e5\u5c11\u3057\u305a\u3064\u7df4\u7fd2\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Mainichi sukoshi zutsu rensh\u016b shimash\u014d.<\/em><br \/>\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u201c\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435\u201d, \u043d\u043e \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u043d\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043e\u0449\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u044f \u043a \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044f \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u304b, \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c <strong>\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b<\/strong>. \u042d\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u8377\u7269\u3092\u6301\u3061\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Nimotsu o mochimash\u014d ka.<\/em><br \/>\u0425\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0443 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0436?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u7a93\u3092\u958b\u3051\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Mado o akemash\u014d ka.<\/em><br \/>Quer que eu abra a janela?<\/p>\n\n<p>Nesses exemplos, quem fala se oferece para agir. Por isso, traduzir mecanicamente como \u201cvamos carregar?\u201d ou \u201cvamos abrir?\u201d apagaria o sentido mais natural da situa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Decidir algo em conjunto<\/h3>\n\n<p>Com uma palavra interrogativa, \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b pode pedir uma decis\u00e3o compartilhada:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u3069\u3053\u3067\u4f1a\u3044\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Doko de aimash\u014d ka.<\/em><br \/>Onde vamos nos encontrar?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u4f55\u6642\u306b\u51fa\u767a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Nanji ni shuppatsu shimash\u014d ka.<\/em><br \/>A que horas vamos partir?<\/p>\n\n<h2>Diferen\u00e7a entre \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046, \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b e \u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/th>\n<th>Tradu\u00e7\u00e3o natural<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/td>\n<td>Propor, aceitar ou confirmar uma a\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>\n<td>\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/td>\n<td>Vamos.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b<\/td>\n<td>Oferecer ajuda ou pedir uma decis\u00e3o<\/td>\n<td>\u624b\u4f1d\u3044\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/td>\n<td>Quer que eu ajude?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b<\/td>\n<td>Convidar de modo aberto<\/td>\n<td>\u884c\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\u3002<\/td>\n<td>Voc\u00ea gostaria de ir?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Ao iniciar um convite, \u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b costuma deixar mais espa\u00e7o para a resposta do interlocutor. \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 apresenta a a\u00e7\u00e3o como proposta ou encaminhamento e pode soar mais decidido. Nenhuma das duas \u00e9 automaticamente rude; a escolha depende da rela\u00e7\u00e3o, da situa\u00e7\u00e3o e da inten\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Forma \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 e forma volitiva simples<\/h2>\n\n<p>O texto antigo tratava \u884c\u3053\u3046, \u98df\u3079\u3088\u3046 e \u3057\u3088\u3046 como uma \u201cforma mashou informal\u201d. \u00c9 mais preciso cham\u00e1-las de <strong>forma volitiva simples<\/strong>. Elas cumprem fun\u00e7\u00f5es relacionadas, mas pertencem ao registro casual.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430<\/th>\n<th>Regra da volitiva simples<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Godan<\/td>\n<td>Troque a s\u00edlaba final da coluna U pela correspondente da coluna O e acrescente \u3046<\/td>\n<td>\u884c\u304f \u2192 \u884c\u3053\u3046; \u8a71\u3059 \u2192 \u8a71\u305d\u3046<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ichidan<\/td>\n<td>Retire \u308b e acrescente \u3088\u3046<\/td>\n<td>\u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u3088\u3046<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Irregulares<\/td>\n<td>Use as formas pr\u00f3prias<\/td>\n<td>\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u3088\u3046; \u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3088\u3046<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p><strong>\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\u3088\u3046\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Eiga o miy\u014d.<\/em><br \/>Vamos assistir a um filme.<\/p>\n\n<p>A forma simples \u00e9 natural entre pessoas pr\u00f3ximas. Ela tamb\u00e9m participa de constru\u00e7\u00f5es de inten\u00e7\u00e3o, como \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059 (\u201cestou pensando em estudar japon\u00eas\u201d). Para revisar o registro casual que serve de base para essas conjuga\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/%d0%bd%d0%b5%d1%84%d0%be%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b5-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%b5-%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%bb%d1%8b\/\">\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Mini di\u00e1logo com \u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b e \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>\u0410:<\/strong> \u65e5\u66dc\u65e5\u3001\u3044\u3063\u3057\u3087\u306b\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\u3002<br \/><em>Nichiy\u014dbi, issho ni eiga o mi ni ikimasen ka.<\/em><br \/>Voc\u00ea gostaria de ir ao cinema comigo no domingo?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u0411:<\/strong> \u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<br \/><em>Ii desu ne. Ikimash\u014d.<\/em><br \/>\u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f. \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u0410:<\/strong> \u4f55\u6642\u306b\u4f1a\u3044\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<br \/><em>Nanji ni aimash\u014d ka.<\/em><br \/>A que horas vamos nos encontrar?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u0411:<\/strong> \u4e09\u6642\u306b\u99c5\u3067\u4f1a\u3044\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<br \/><em>Sanji ni eki de aimash\u014d.<\/em><br \/>\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430.<\/p>\n\n<p>O di\u00e1logo percorre uma sequ\u00eancia natural: convite com \u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b, aceita\u00e7\u00e3o com \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046, decis\u00e3o conjunta com \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b e confirma\u00e7\u00e3o do plano com \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Erros comuns com \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Usar a forma do dicion\u00e1rio antes de \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046:<\/strong> <s>\u98df\u3079\u308b\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/s> est\u00e1 incorreto. Use \u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Traduzir sempre como futuro:<\/strong> \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 expressa proposta ou iniciativa; n\u00e3o funciona simplesmente como \u201cfaremos\u201d.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Confundir \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b com \u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b:<\/strong> \u8377\u7269\u3092\u6301\u3061\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b normalmente oferece ajuda; \u3044\u3063\u3057\u3087\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b convida algu\u00e9m.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chamar \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 de forma potencial ou forma \u305f\u3044:<\/strong> capacidade, desejo e proposta s\u00e3o no\u00e7\u00f5es gramaticais diferentes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chamar \u884c\u3053\u3046 de \u201cmashou informal\u201d:<\/strong> o nome adequado \u00e9 forma volitiva simples.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>\u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Converta os quatro primeiros verbos para \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046. Depois, escolha a estrutura mais natural nas situa\u00e7\u00f5es 5 a 7.<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3059 \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059 \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li>\u3057\u307e\u3059 \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li>\u6765\u307e\u3059 \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li>Voc\u00ea quer convidar algu\u00e9m para ir ao parque: \u516c\u5712\u306b\u884c\u304d______\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Voc\u00ea se oferece para abrir a porta: \u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051______\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Voc\u00ea aceita a proposta e diz \u201cvamos\u201d: \u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002\u884c\u304d______\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details>\n<summary><strong>\u0421\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b<\/strong><\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/li>\n<li>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/li>\n<li>\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/li>\n<li>\u6765\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/li>\n<li>\u516c\u5712\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n<h2>Resumo e pr\u00f3ximos passos<\/h2>\n\n<p>Use \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 para propor, aceitar ou confirmar uma a\u00e7\u00e3o em conjunto. Forme a estrutura retirando \u307e\u3059 e acrescentando \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046. Use \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b para oferecer ajuda ou pedir uma decis\u00e3o e \u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b quando quiser fazer um convite mais aberto.<\/p>\n\n<p>No registro casual, use a forma volitiva simples: \u884c\u3053\u3046, \u98df\u3079\u3088\u3046, \u3057\u3088\u3046 e \u6765\u3088\u3046. Ela n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma forma potencial e n\u00e3o deve ser confundida com \u305f\u3044.<\/p>\n\n<p>Para continuar a sequ\u00eancia de estudos, revise a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/%d1%84%d0%be%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b0-te-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b8%d1%85-%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b2\/\">\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u3066 \u0432 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c<\/a> e consulte o guia de <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/particulas-e-gramatica-japonesa\/\">part\u00edculas e gram\u00e1tica japonesa<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Perguntas frequentes sobre a forma \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/h2>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-0e6265bd0669c\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046, \u201c\u043f\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0451\u043c\u201d. \u0412 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0443 \u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-dbd4095dcc02d\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u307e\u3059, \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u307e\u3059 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046. \u0422\u0430\u043a, \u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046, \u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046, \u3057\u307e\u3059 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046, \u0430 \u6765\u307e\u3059 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u6765\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-2cfb59d4df5af\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0412 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u0438 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u201c\u043f\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0451\u043c\u201d; \u8377\u7269\u3092\u6301\u3061\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u201c\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0443 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0436?\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-422710f2c26dc\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0412 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u0438 \u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u884c\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b \u0431\u044b \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438; \u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u201c\u043f\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0451\u043c\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-6fea977a7c6b4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0443 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443. \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043d \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 U \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u044f\u0434 O \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u3046, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u884c\u304f \u2192 \u884c\u3053\u3046. \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0438\u0442\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u308b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u3088\u3046, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u3088\u3046. \u0418\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u3057\u3088\u3046 \u0438 \u6765\u3088\u3046.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Fontes para aprofundar<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/a1.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/note_6_12_5.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marugoto \u2014 convites com \u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b e respostas com \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/a2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/description\/010.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marugoto \u2014 ofertas com \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/a2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/description\/008.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marugoto \u2014 exemplos de convite e decis\u00e3o com \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/a2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/description\/007.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marugoto \u2014 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 em combina\u00e7\u00f5es de planos<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary02\/pdf\/Z_L18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori \u2014 forma\u00e7\u00e3o e usos da volitiva simples<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":2147,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2144","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2144","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2144"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2144\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4428,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2144\/revisions\/4428"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2147"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2144"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2144"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2144"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}