{"id":1107,"date":"2009-11-15T17:44:53","date_gmt":"2009-11-15T19:44:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1107"},"modified":"2026-08-08T20:39:48","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T23:39:48","slug":"ako-pouzivat-japonsku-abecedu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/como-usar-o-alfabeto-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Kedy pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 hiraganu, katakanu a kand\u017ei v japonskom p\u00edsme"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hiragana, katakana a kand\u017ei sa objavuj\u00fa spolo\u010dne, preto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd syst\u00e9m pln\u00ed v japonskom p\u00edsme in\u00e9 funkcie. V praxi hiragana zaznamen\u00e1va gramatick\u00e9 prvky a ohybn\u00e9 \u010dasti slov, katakana je be\u017en\u00e1 pri prevzat\u00fdch slov\u00e1ch, cudz\u00edch men\u00e1ch a ur\u010dit\u00fdch v\u00fdrazov\u00fdch efektoch, a kand\u017ei s\u00fastre\u010fuje ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 lexik\u00e1lnej inform\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tieto funkcie s\u00fa tendenciami pou\u017e\u00edvania, nie pevn\u00fdmi kateg\u00f3riami. Slovo sa m\u00f4\u017ee objavi\u0165 s r\u00f4znymi pravopismi v z\u00e1vislosti od kontextu, publika alebo po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho efektu. T\u00e1to pr\u00edru\u010dka ukazuje, ako rozpozna\u0165 najbe\u017enej\u0161iu vo\u013ebu bez opakovania <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/abeceda-japoncina-hiragana-e-katakana\/\">\u00fapln\u00fdch tabuliek hiragany a katakany<\/a> ani preh\u013eadu <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/abeceda-japoncina-uvod\/\">troch syst\u00e9mov japonsk\u00e9ho p\u00edsma<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u00fdchla odpove\u010f: ktor\u00fd syst\u00e9m pou\u017ei\u0165?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Syst\u00e9m<\/th><th>Najbe\u017enej\u0161ie pou\u017eitie<\/th><th>Pr\u00edklad<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Hiragana<\/td><td>\u010castice, gramatick\u00e9 koncovky a slov\u00e1 zvy\u010dajne p\u00edsan\u00e9 kana<\/td><td>\u306f, \u3092, \u3053\u308c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Katakana<\/td><td>Prevzat\u00e9 slov\u00e1, cudzie men\u00e1, technick\u00e9 term\u00edny, zvuky a \u0161tylistick\u00e9 zv\u00fdraznenie<\/td><td>\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc, \u30de\u30ea\u30a2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kanji<\/td><td>Lexik\u00e1lne korene mnoh\u00fdch podstatn\u00fdch mien, slovies a pr\u00eddavn\u00fdch mien<\/td><td>\u65e5\u672c, \u98f2\u3080, \u65b0\u3057\u3044<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Naju\u017eito\u010dnej\u0161ie ment\u00e1lne pravidlo je sledova\u0165 funkciu vo vete. Kana predstavuj\u00fa zvuky; kand\u017ei tie\u017e pom\u00e1haj\u00fa nazna\u010di\u0165 v\u00fdznam a vizu\u00e1lne oddeli\u0165 slov\u00e1 v jazyku, ktor\u00fd zvy\u010dajne nepou\u017e\u00edva medzery medzi slovami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kedy pou\u017ei\u0165 hiraganu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hiragana nesl\u00fa\u017ei len na \u201cjaponsk\u00e9 slov\u00e1\u201d. Objavuje sa hlavne tam, kde mus\u00ed by\u0165 gramatika vidite\u013en\u00e1 a kde konven\u010dn\u00fd pravopis uprednost\u0148uje kana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gramatick\u00e9 \u010dastice<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010castice ako \u306f, \u304c, \u3092, \u306b a \u3067 sa p\u00ed\u0161u hiraganou. Ukazuj\u00fa vz\u0165ahy ako t\u00e9ma, subjekt, objekt, smer, miesto a prostriedok. Niektor\u00e9 maj\u00fa v tejto funkcii \u0161peci\u00e1lne \u010d\u00edtanie: \u306f sa vyslovuje <em>wa<\/em>, \u3092 sa zvy\u010dajne vyslovuje <em>o<\/em> a \u3078, ke\u010f je \u010dasticou, sa \u010d\u00edta <em>e<\/em>. Ak chcete \u0161tudova\u0165 tieto rozdiely s pr\u00edkladmi, pozrite si pr\u00edru\u010dku o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/zakladne-castice-v-japoncine\/\">z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 \u010dastice v japon\u010dine<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Okurigana a ohyby<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pri mnoh\u00fdch sloves\u00e1ch a pr\u00eddavn\u00fdch men\u00e1ch kand\u017ei prin\u00e1\u0161a lexik\u00e1lny z\u00e1klad a hiragana ukazuje ohybn\u00fa \u010das\u0165, naz\u00fdvan\u00fa <em>okurigana<\/em>. Porovnajte:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059\uff08\u305f\u3079\u307e\u3059\uff09\u2014 jes\u0165;<\/li><li>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08\u305f\u3079\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u2014 jedol som;<\/li><li>\u65b0\u3057\u3044\uff08\u3042\u305f\u3089\u3057\u3044\uff09\u2014 nov\u00fd.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010cas\u0165 v hiragane sa men\u00ed pod\u013ea \u010dasu, tvaru alebo koncovky, zatia\u013e \u010do kand\u017ei zachov\u00e1va \u00fastredn\u00fa inform\u00e1ciu slova. Japonsk\u00e1 agent\u00fara pre kult\u00farne z\u00e1le\u017eitosti udr\u017eiava <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bunka.go.jp\/kokugo_nihongo\/sisaku\/joho\/joho\/kijun\/naikaku\/okurikana\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ofici\u00e1lne smernice pre okuriganu<\/a>, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa ako referen\u010dn\u00fd r\u00e1mec pre modern\u00e9 p\u00edsanie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Slov\u00e1 zvy\u010dajne p\u00edsan\u00e9 v kane<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Niektor\u00e9 slov\u00e1 sa \u010dasto p\u00ed\u0161u v hiragane, aj ke\u010f existuje forma s kand\u017ei. M\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 z d\u00f4vodu konvencie, frekvencie, \u010ditate\u013enosti alebo vhodnosti pre publikum. \u3053\u308c, \u307e\u3060 a \u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044 s\u00fa be\u017en\u00e9 pr\u00edklady. Preto znalos\u0165 mo\u017en\u00e9ho kand\u017ei neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee je prirodzenou vo\u013ebou v ka\u017edej vete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hiragana sa m\u00f4\u017ee objavi\u0165 aj ako furigana, v men\u0161ej ve\u013ekosti, na ozna\u010denie \u010d\u00edtania kand\u017ei. Vo vzdel\u00e1vac\u00edch materi\u00e1loch a textoch ur\u010den\u00fdch \u0161pecifick\u00fdm \u010ditate\u013eom tento prostriedok umo\u017e\u0148uje prezentova\u0165 znaky bez skrytia ich v\u00fdslovnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kedy pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 katakanu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Katakana sa sp\u00e1ja najm\u00e4 s cudz\u00edmi slovami, ale jej pou\u017eitie je \u0161ir\u0161ie. Pravopis sleduje zvuky dostupn\u00e9 v japon\u010dine a zau\u017e\u00edvan\u00fa formu slova, nie doslovn\u00fa k\u00f3piu p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho pravopisu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prevzat\u00e9 slov\u00e1, cudzie men\u00e1 a miesta<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Slov\u00e1 prevzat\u00e9 z in\u00fdch jazykov sa \u010dasto objavuj\u00fa v katakane: \u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc (<em>k\u014dh\u012b<\/em>, k\u00e1va), \u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb (<em>t\u0113buru<\/em>, st\u00f4l) a \u30d0\u30b9 (<em>basu<\/em>, autobus). Cudzie osobn\u00e9 a zemepisn\u00e9 men\u00e1 sa tie\u017e zvy\u010dajne prepisuj\u00fa t\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom, ale pravopis by mal nasledova\u0165 v\u00fdslovnos\u0165 a preferovan\u00fa formu samotnej osoby, ak existuje. \u010cl\u00e1nok o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/ako-napisat-svoje-meno-po-japonsky\/\">ako nap\u00edsa\u0165 svoje meno v japon\u010dine<\/a> vysvet\u013euje tento proces podrobnej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ofici\u00e1lne japonsk\u00e9 smernice sa explicitne zaoberaj\u00fa p\u00edsan\u00edm prevzat\u00fdch slov, topon\u00fdm a cudz\u00edch antropon\u00fdm v katakane, vr\u00e1tane kombin\u00e1ci\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch na pribl\u00ed\u017eenie zvukov, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou tradi\u010dn\u00e9ho invent\u00e1ra. Referenciou je str\u00e1nka <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bunka.go.jp\/kokugo_nihongo\/sisaku\/joho\/joho\/kijun\/naikaku\/gairai\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201cPravopis cudz\u00edch slov\u201d Agent\u00fary pre kult\u00farne z\u00e1le\u017eitosti<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zvuky, technick\u00e9 term\u00edny a d\u00f4raz<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Katakana m\u00f4\u017ee predstavova\u0165 onomatopoje a mimikry, ako \u30c9\u30ad\u30c9\u30ad pre zr\u00fdchlen\u00fd tep. To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd zvukov\u00fd efekt mus\u00ed by\u0165 nap\u00edsan\u00fd v katakane: hiragana sa tie\u017e objavuje a v\u00fdber m\u00f4\u017ee zmeni\u0165 vizu\u00e1lny dojem alebo t\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Syst\u00e9m je tie\u017e be\u017en\u00fd vo vedeck\u00fdch n\u00e1zvoch, ur\u010dit\u00fdch technick\u00fdch kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1ch, reklame, tabuliach a \u0161tylistickom zv\u00fdraznen\u00ed. Priame porovnanie s kurz\u00edvou pom\u00e1ha len ako pribl\u00ed\u017eenie: katakana m\u00e1 svoje vlastn\u00e9 pou\u017eitie a automaticky nenahr\u00e1dza ka\u017ed\u00e9 zv\u00fdraznenie, ktor\u00e9 by sa urobilo v portugal\u010dine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kedy pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 kand\u017ei<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kand\u017ei sa objavuje v mnoh\u00fdch obsahov\u00fdch slov\u00e1ch, najm\u00e4 v podstatn\u00fdch men\u00e1ch a kore\u0148och slovies a pr\u00eddavn\u00fdch mien. \u65e5\u672c znamen\u00e1 Japonsko, \u98f2 v \u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059 nesie my\u0161lienku pitia a \u65b0 v \u65b0\u3057\u3044 sa podie\u013ea na slove \u201cnov\u00fd\u201d. Znaky pom\u00e1haj\u00fa \u010ditate\u013eovi rozpozna\u0165 slov\u00e1, v\u00fdznamy a vizu\u00e1lne hranice vo vete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To nevytv\u00e1ra pravidlo \u201cpou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 kand\u017ei \u010do najviac\u201d. Skuto\u010dn\u00fd pravopis z\u00e1vis\u00ed od slova, konvencie, publika a m\u00e9dia. Zriedkav\u00e9 znaky alebo m\u00e1lo predv\u00eddate\u013en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edtania m\u00f4\u017eu dosta\u0165 furiganu alebo by\u0165 nahraden\u00e9 kanou, ke\u010f to jasnos\u0165 vy\u017eaduje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zoznam d\u017e\u00f3j\u00f3 kand\u017ei sl\u00fa\u017ei ako referencia na pou\u017e\u00edvanie znakov v s\u00fa\u010dasnom spolo\u010denskom \u017eivote, nie ako katal\u00f3g v\u0161etk\u00e9ho, \u010do existuje, ani ako univerz\u00e1lne poradie na \u0161t\u00fadium. Ofici\u00e1lna formul\u00e1cia je v <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bunka.go.jp\/kokugo_nihongo\/sisaku\/joho\/joho\/kijun\/naikaku\/kanji\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">zozname kand\u017ei be\u017en\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvania Agent\u00fary pre kult\u00farne z\u00e1le\u017eitosti<\/a>. Ak sa chcete u\u010di\u0165 znaky v kontexte slov a \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed, pou\u017eite <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/kanji\/\">kompletn\u00fd sprievodca kand\u017ei<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ako sa tri objavuj\u00fa v tej istej vete<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u0161imnite si jednoduch\u00fa vetu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u79c1\u306f\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u3092\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p>\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u3092\u306e\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><p><em>Watashi wa k\u014dh\u012b o nomimasu.<\/em><\/p><p>Pijem k\u00e1vu.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u79c1<\/strong> e <strong>\u98f2<\/strong> s\u00fa kand\u017ei a nes\u00fa lexik\u00e1lnu inform\u00e1ciu;<\/li><li><strong>\u306f<\/strong>, <strong>\u3092<\/strong> e <strong>\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/strong> s\u00fa v hiragane a ukazuj\u00fa gramatick\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy a flexiu;<\/li><li><strong>\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc<\/strong> je v katakane, preto\u017ee je to prevzat\u00e9 slovo za\u010dlenen\u00e9 do japon\u010diny.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Veta objas\u0148uje, pre\u010do syst\u00e9my medzi sebou nes\u00fa\u0165a\u017eia. Ka\u017ed\u00fd prispieva k \u010d\u00edtaniu. Namiesto snahy vybra\u0165 si jedin\u00fa \u201cabecedu\u201d sa \u0161tudent u\u010d\u00ed rozpozna\u0165 funkciu ka\u017edej \u010dasti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010co robi\u0165, ke\u010f nepozn\u00e1te kand\u017ei<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nap\u00edsanie slova v hiragane m\u00f4\u017ee umo\u017eni\u0165 jeho pre\u010d\u00edtanie, ale to nezaru\u010duje, \u017ee veta bude rovnako prirodzen\u00e1 alebo \u013eahko interpretovate\u013en\u00e1. Bez medzier m\u00f4\u017ee dlh\u00fd re\u0165azec kany skry\u0165 hranice medzi slovami a vytvori\u0165 nejednozna\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na \u0161t\u00fadium rad\u0161ej konzultujte pravopis pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v slovn\u00edkoch a skuto\u010dn\u00fdch pr\u00edkladoch. Pri p\u00edsan\u00ed vstupn\u00e1 met\u00f3da navrhuje konverzie na kand\u017ei, ale treba potvrdi\u0165, \u010di znak zodpoved\u00e1 zam\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00e9mu slovu. Vo vzdel\u00e1vac\u00edch materi\u00e1loch je furigana lep\u0161ou alternat\u00edvou ako vyh\u00fdbanie sa v\u0161etk\u00e9mu kand\u017ei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010cast\u00e9 chyby pri v\u00fdbere p\u00edsma<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Zaobch\u00e1dzanie s tromi syst\u00e9mami ako s ekvivalentn\u00fdmi abecedami.<\/strong> Hiragana a katakana s\u00fa slabi\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my mory; kand\u017ei funguje inak.<\/li><li><strong>Prep\u00edsanie cudzieho pravopisu p\u00edsmeno po p\u00edsmene.<\/strong> Katakana predstavuje zvukov\u00fa adapt\u00e1ciu a riadi sa konven\u010dn\u00fdmi tvarmi.<\/li><li><strong>Pou\u017e\u00edvanie katakany len pre anglick\u00e9 slov\u00e1.<\/strong> Prevzat\u00e9 slov\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017eu poch\u00e1dza\u0165 z r\u00f4znych jazykov, okrem mien, zvukov a \u0161tylistick\u00fdch pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/li><li><strong>N\u00faten\u00e9 kand\u017ei tam, kde je forma v kane prirodzenej\u0161ia.<\/strong> Existencia znaku nerob\u00ed jeho pou\u017eitie povinn\u00fdm.<\/li><li><strong>Zapam\u00e4ta\u0165 si znaky mimo slov.<\/strong> \u010c\u00edtania a v\u00fdznamy s\u00fa jasnej\u0161ie, ke\u010f sa u\u010dia v slovnej z\u00e1sobe a vet\u00e1ch.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ako tr\u00e9nova\u0165 v\u00fdber ka\u017ed\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Za\u010dnite zvl\u00e1dnut\u00edm rozpozn\u00e1vania kana a postupujte ku kand\u017ei v r\u00e1mci u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fdch slov. <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/abeceda-japoncina-hiragana-katakana-prirucka-studium-2\/\">Sprievodca \u0161t\u00fadiom hiragany a katakany<\/a> organizuje po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fd tr\u00e9ning, zatia\u013e \u010do <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/kurz-japones-gratis-study-guide\/\">bezplatn\u00fd sprievodca pre za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edkov<\/a> ukazuje, kde p\u00edsmo zapad\u00e1 do celkov\u00e9ho poradia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pri \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed kr\u00e1tkej vety si ment\u00e1lne ozna\u010dte: \u201cgramatika v hiragane\u201d, \u201cprevzat\u00e9 slovo alebo efekt v katakane\u201d a \u201clexik\u00e1lny z\u00e1klad v kand\u017ei\u201d. Potom potvr\u010fte v\u00fdnimky. Japan Foundation odpor\u00fa\u010da sp\u00e1ja\u0165 u\u010denie sa p\u00edsan\u00fdch foriem so slovami, ktor\u00e9 \u0161tudent u\u017e po\u010dul a pozn\u00e1, ako vysvet\u013euje vo svojich <a href=\"https:\/\/marugoto.jpf.go.jp\/en\/teacher\/qateaching\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vyu\u010dovac\u00edch usmerneniach Marugoto<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010co si v\u0161\u00edma\u0165 pri \u010fal\u0161om \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nabud\u00face, ke\u010f naraz\u00edte na japonsk\u00fa vetu, nesna\u017ete sa hne\u010f v\u0161etko prelo\u017ei\u0165. Najprv identifikujte tri typy p\u00edsma a op\u00fdtajte sa, ak\u00fa funkciu m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u010das\u0165. Tento n\u00e1vyk zmen\u00ed \u201czmes\u201d na mapu: hiragana odha\u013euje gramatiku, katakana signalizuje slovn\u00e9 druhy a opakuj\u00face sa efekty a kand\u017ei zv\u00fdraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznamov\u00e9 jadr\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-5ae8e55788237\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u00edsa\u0165 v\u0161etko v hiragane?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Hiragana dok\u00e1\u017ee reprezentova\u0165 v\u00fdslovnos\u0165 japonsk\u00fdch slov, ale p\u00edsanie celej vety iba s n\u00edm m\u00f4\u017ee zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 \u010ditate\u013enos\u0165 a vytvori\u0165 nejednozna\u010dnosti. Konven\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00edsanie kombinuje hiraganu, katakanu a kand\u017ei.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-9b6f89aa497cf\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">S\u00fa cudzie men\u00e1 v\u017edy p\u00edsan\u00e9 v katakane?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Cudzie men\u00e1 sa zvy\u010dajne prepisuj\u00fa do katakany pod\u013ea v\u00fdslovnosti a zvukov dostupn\u00fdch v japon\u010dine. Ak existuje ofici\u00e1lny alebo preferovan\u00fd pravopis danej osoby, treba ho re\u0161pektova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-b9897b7f984eb\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">S\u00fa onomatopoje v\u017edy p\u00edsan\u00e9 v katakane?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Nie. Onomatopoje a mim\u00e9ty sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyskytova\u0165 v katakane alebo hiragane. V\u00fdber z\u00e1vis\u00ed od konvencie, kontextu a po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho vizu\u00e1lneho alebo expres\u00edvneho efektu.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-28b4bc416cce5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">M\u00e1 by\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00e9 slovo japonsk\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu nap\u00edsan\u00e9 v hiragane?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Nie. Mnoh\u00e9 slov\u00e1 japonsk\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa kand\u017ei, hiraganu alebo kombin\u00e1ciu oboch. Prirodzen\u00fd pravopis z\u00e1vis\u00ed od slova, konvencie a publika.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-423c322b574e2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Je lep\u0161ie nau\u010di\u0165 sa najprv katakanu alebo kand\u017ei?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Pre za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edkov je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 hiraganu a katakanu skoro a za\u010da\u0165 s kand\u017ei postupne v r\u00e1mci slov a viet. Nie je potrebn\u00e9 \u010daka\u0165, k\u00fdm dokon\u010d\u00edte v\u0161etky kana, aby ste spoznali prv\u00e9 kand\u017ei.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pochopte, kedy pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 hiraganu, katakanu a kand\u017ei, ako sa tieto tri syst\u00e9my objavuj\u00fa v tej istej vete a ak\u00e9 vo\u013eby sa vyhn\u00fa chyb\u00e1m v japonskom p\u00edsan\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":1101,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46,47,48,49],"tags":[16,2],"class_list":["post-1107","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-alfabeto-japones","category-alfabeto-japones-hiragana","category-alfabeto-japones-katakana","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","tag-alfabeto-japones","tag-idioma-japones","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1107","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1107"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1107\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4391,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1107\/revisions\/4391"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1101"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1107"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1107"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}