{"id":1621,"date":"2009-11-02T11:10:59","date_gmt":"2009-11-02T13:10:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1621"},"modified":"2018-03-06T18:20:04","modified_gmt":"2018-03-06T21:20:04","slug":"interpunkcia-textov-v-japoncine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/pontuacao-de-textos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Interpunkcia v japonsk\u00fdch textoch"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si viac o interpunkcia japonsk\u00fdch textov<\/strong> a ich vlastnosti!<\/em><\/p>\n

Interpunkcia v japonsk\u00fdch textoch<\/h2>\n

D\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 poznania interpunkcie v japonsk\u00fdch textoch spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee n\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017ee poskytn\u00fa\u0165 cenn\u00e9 rady, ako by sme mali texty \u010d\u00edta\u0165. Faktom v\u0161ak je, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z n\u00e1s sa o interpunkcii nau\u010d\u00ed a\u017e \u010d\u00edtan\u00edm a priamym \u010delen\u00edm \u0165a\u017ekostiam. Preto som sa rozhodol nap\u00edsa\u0165 tento \u010dl\u00e1nok v snahe pom\u00f4c\u0165 a zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 tomu, aby ostatn\u00ed prech\u00e1dzali rovnak\u00fdmi \u0165a\u017ekos\u0165ami.<\/p>\n

Charakteristiky interpunkcie v japonsk\u00fdch textoch<\/h2>\n

Zauj\u00edmavos\u0165ou interpunkcie v japonsk\u00fdch textoch je, \u017ee neexistuje \u017eiadne pravidlo pou\u017e\u00edvania alebo syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd by ur\u010doval spr\u00e1vny sp\u00f4sob interpunkcie v japonskom texte.<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00edm kuri\u00f3znym faktorom je, \u017ee ke\u010f\u017ee japonsk\u00e9 symboly maj\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 ve\u013ekosti a proporcie, aj japonsk\u00e1 interpunkcia m\u00e1 rovnak\u00fd form\u00e1t. Tak\u017ee interpunk\u010dn\u00e9 znamienko by malo zabera\u0165 rovnak\u00e9 miesto ako kand\u017ei alebo kana.<\/p>\n

To je \u013eahk\u00e9 si v\u0161imn\u00fa\u0165 v textoch p\u00edsan\u00fdch na \u0161tvor\u010dekovan\u00fdch listoch, zn\u00e1mych aj ako\u00a0Genkou Youshi<\/em>, kde \u0161tudenti japon\u010diny tr\u00e9nuj\u00fa svoju kaligrafiu<\/a> a proporcion\u00e1lne p\u00edsanie k\u00e1n a kand\u017ei. Okrem toho, ke\u010f existuj\u00fa po sebe id\u00face interpunk\u010dn\u00e9 znamienka, zvy\u010dajne zaberaj\u00fa rovnak\u00e9 miesto. To je pr\u00edpad\u00a0Tensen<\/em>\u00a0(\u2026).<\/p>\n

Pozorne si v\u0161\u00edmajte interpunk\u010dn\u00e9 znamienka a japonsk\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl p\u00edsania, preto\u017ee sa tie\u017e m\u00f4\u017eu meni\u0165 v z\u00e1vislosti od \u0161t\u00fdlu p\u00edsania pou\u017eit\u00e9ho v texte.<\/p>\n

Zoznam interpunk\u010dn\u00fdch znamienok v japonsk\u00fdch textoch<\/h2>\n

Ni\u017e\u0161ie je uveden\u00fd zoznam symbolov pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v interpunkcii japonsk\u00fdch textov. Ke\u010f \u0161tudent japon\u010diny spozn\u00e1 tieto znamienka, bude lep\u0161ie obozn\u00e1men\u00fd s textami a \u010d\u00edtanie bude plyn\u00fa\u0165 \u013eah\u0161ie a prirodzenej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n

Maru alebo Kuten \u3002<\/h3>\n

Toto znamienko je ve\u013emi podobn\u00e9 na\u0161ej bodke, ozna\u010duje koniec vety alebo obdobia v japon\u010dine. \u010eal\u0161ou d\u00f4le\u017eitou pozn\u00e1mkou k tejto t\u00e9me je, \u017ee v zvolac\u00edch alebo opytovac\u00edch vet\u00e1ch sa odpor\u00fa\u010da pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 \u010dastice \u201cka\u201d alebo \u201cjo\u201d a vetu ukon\u010di\u0165 znakom \u201c\u3002\u201d namiesto pou\u017e\u00edvania znakov \u201c\uff1f\u201d a \u201c\uff01\u201d .<\/p>\n

Tem alebo Tooten \u3001<\/h3>\n

Toto znamienko ozna\u010duje pauzu pri \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed vety. Je podobn\u00e9 na\u0161ej \u201c,\u201d, kde jeho pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 alebo nepr\u00edtomnos\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee \u00faplne zmeni\u0165 v\u00fdznam vety.<\/p>\n

Okrem toho sa pou\u017e\u00edva aj na odde\u013eovanie po sebe id\u00facich \u010d\u00edsel a na delenie ve\u013ek\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel a skup\u00edn troch \u010d\u00edslic.<\/p>\n

Nakaguro alebo Nakaten \u30fb<\/h3>\n

Zvy\u010dajne sa pou\u017e\u00edva na odde\u013eovanie slov rovnak\u00e9ho typu vo vete; na odde\u013eovanie \u010dast\u00ed d\u00e1tumu v cit\u00e1cii (rok \u30fb mesiac \u30fb de\u0148) a na zv\u00fdraznenie cudz\u00edch slov v texte, pri\u010dom ich odde\u013euje od ostatn\u00fdch slov vo vete.<\/p>\n

Nakasen \u2013<\/h3>\n

M\u00e1 rovnak\u00fa funkciu ako poml\u010dka v portugalskom jazyku, ozna\u010duje, \u017ee veta je preru\u0161en\u00e1 alebo ne\u00fapln\u00e1, alebo \u017ee v strede vety existuje vysvet\u013euj\u00faca inform\u00e1cia (podobne ako na\u0161a vsuvka).<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f sa pou\u017e\u00edva medzi \u010dasov\u00fdmi \u00fasekmi, mno\u017estvami alebo vzdialenos\u0165ami, m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 podobn\u00fd v\u00fdznam ako \u201cz\u2026do\u2026\u201d, \u201cod\u2026do\u2026\u201d alebo \u201cmedzi\u2026a\u2026\u201d.<\/p>\n

V adres\u00e1ch sa toto znamienko m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 na oddelenie \u010d\u00edsel.<\/p>\n

Tensen \u2026<\/h3>\n

Pozost\u00e1va zo sekvencie \u0161iestich centrovan\u00fdch bodiek. Zvy\u010dajne s\u00fa zoskupen\u00e9 po troch, tri pre ka\u017ed\u00fd symbolov\u00fd rozostup.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1 podobn\u00fa funkciu ako na\u0161e \u201c\u2026\u201d, ozna\u010duje dlh\u0161iu pauzu vo vete alebo \u017ee veta je ne\u00fapln\u00e1. Je charakterizovan\u00fd obdob\u00edm ticha toho, kto hovor\u00ed alebo \u010d\u00edta text.<\/p>\n

Dlh\u00e9 sekvencie Tensenov sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v s\u00fahrnoch kn\u00edh, sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa n\u00e1zvy kapitol s \u010d\u00edslami str\u00e1n.
\n<\/p>\n

Kagikakko \u300c\u300d<\/h3>\n

S\u00fa podobn\u00e9 na\u0161im \u201c[]\u201d v portugalskom jazyku. M\u00f4\u017eu sa pou\u017ei\u0165 na oddelenie \u010dast\u00ed alebo cel\u00fdch viet v r\u00e1mci japonsk\u00e9ho textu.<\/p>\n

Futaekagi \u300e\u300f<\/h3>\n

M\u00e1 rovnak\u00fd \u00fa\u010del ako Kagikakko, ale pou\u017e\u00edva sa ako z\u00e1tvorky v r\u00e1mci z\u00e1tvoriek. Ako \u300c\u300e\u300f\u300d.<\/p>\n

In-yoofu \u301d\u301f<\/h3>\n

S\u00fa ako dvojit\u00e9 \u00favodzovky, maj\u00fa rovnak\u00fa funkciu ako Kagikakko. Zvy\u010dajne sa pou\u017e\u00edva vo vertik\u00e1lnom japonskom \u0161t\u00fdle p\u00edsania.<\/p>\n

Kakko alebo Marukakko \u3008\u3000\u3009<\/h3>\n

Pou\u017e\u00edva sa rovnak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom ako z\u00e1tvorky v portugalskom jazyku.<\/p>\n

Fataegakko \u300a\u3000\u300b<\/h3>\n

Rovnako ako Futaekagi sa pou\u017e\u00edva na ozna\u010denie z\u00e1tvoriek v r\u00e1mci z\u00e1tvoriek. Ako \u3008\u300a\u3000\u300b\u3009.<\/p>\n

Yokogakko \uff08\u3000\uff09<\/h3>\n

Pou\u017e\u00edva sa ako ozna\u010denie sekci\u00ed, \u010dl\u00e1nkov, odsekov a in\u00fdch, v r\u00e1mci vo\u013en\u00fdch textov alebo u\u010debn\u00edc.<\/p>\n

Namigata \uff5e<\/h3>\n

Pou\u017e\u00edva sa na ozna\u010denie intervalov, v s\u00falade s Nakasen, teda \u201cod\u2026do\u2026\u201d, \u201cz\u2026na\u2026\u201d at\u010f.<\/p>\n

Wakiten<\/h3>\n

S\u00fa to viacer\u00e9 \u0165ahy, podobn\u00e9 na\u0161im \u00favodzovk\u00e1m, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 ved\u013ea alebo nad kanami a kand\u017ei. Ich hlavnou funkciou je zv\u00fdrazni\u0165 slov\u00e1, ako na\u0161a kurz\u00edva.<\/p>\n

Okrem toho sa wakiten m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 na zv\u00fdraznenie slov, ktor\u00e9 boli z nejak\u00e9ho d\u00f4vodu nap\u00edsan\u00e9 v hiragane<\/a> namiesto ich tradi\u010dn\u00fdch kand\u017ei, a na zv\u00fdraznenie slangu, skratiek, dialektov a ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek in\u00e9ho druhu nekonven\u010dn\u00e9ho slova.<\/p>\n

Wakisen \uff3f<\/h3>\n

Funguje rovnako ako na\u0161e pod\u010diarknutie alebo\u00a0pod\u010diarknutie<\/em>, upozor\u0148uj\u00face \u010ditate\u013ea na slov\u00e1 alebo \u010dasti viet.<\/p>\n

Zauj\u00edmavos\u0165ou tohto interpunk\u010dn\u00e9ho znamienka je, \u017ee vo vertik\u00e1lnych textoch funguje ako zvisl\u00e1 \u010diara na pravej strane slov, vizu\u00e1lne sa men\u00ed na nie\u010do celkom in\u00e9 ako na\u0161e pod\u010diarknutie.<\/p>\n

Gimofu \uff1f<\/h3>\n

Vplyvom Z\u00e1padu sa tento symbol za\u010dal pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ako alternat\u00edva k \u010dastici \u304b<\/a> pri ozna\u010dovan\u00ed opytovac\u00edch viet. Zvy\u010dajne nahr\u00e1dza \u201c\u3002\u201d.<\/p>\n

Kantanfu \uff01<\/h3>\n

Pou\u017e\u00edva sa na ozna\u010denie zvolac\u00edch viet ako alternat\u00edva k \u010dastici \u3088. Zvy\u010dajne nahr\u00e1dza \u201c\u3002\u201d. Tento symbol sa tie\u017e za\u010dal pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 v\u010faka z\u00e1padn\u00e9mu vplyvu.<\/p>\n

Piriodo \uff0e<\/h3>\n

Pou\u017e\u00edva sa preva\u017ene v horizont\u00e1lnom p\u00edsan\u00ed ako odde\u013eova\u010d d\u00e1tumov, odde\u013euj\u00faci de\u0148, mesiac a rok, alebo ako bodka na konci viet, nahr\u00e1dzaj\u00faca \u201c\u3002\u201d.<\/p>\n

Konma ,<\/h3>\n

Tie\u017e sa pou\u017e\u00edva preva\u017ene v horizont\u00e1lnom p\u00edsan\u00ed. Jeho cie\u013eom je volite\u013ene nahradi\u0165\u00a0Tem<\/em>\u00a0\u201d \u3001\u201d.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zistite viac o japonskej interpunkcii a jej vlastnostiach! Interpunkcia japonsk\u00fdch textov D\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 poznania interpunkcie japonsk\u00fdch textov spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee v\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017ee poskytn\u00fa\u0165 cenn\u00e9 rady.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":1624,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,51],"tags":[2,3],"class_list":["post-1621","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-dicas-de-japones","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1621","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1621"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1621\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1624"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1621"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1621"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1621"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}