{"id":1637,"date":"2009-11-07T12:05:47","date_gmt":"2009-11-07T14:05:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1637"},"modified":"2018-03-08T19:16:36","modified_gmt":"2018-03-08T22:16:36","slug":"zakladna-japonska-gramatika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/gramatica-japonesa-fundamental\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 japonsk\u00e1 gramatika"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"42f50e0ef69d15b5aee26f1ed3eeb18c\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Zistite viac o\u00a0<strong>z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 japonsk\u00e1 gramatika<\/strong> pre \u0161tudentov nihonga!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>V dne\u0161nom \u010dl\u00e1nku sa zozn\u00e1mime so z\u00e1kladmi japonsk\u00e9ho jazyka a pochop\u00edme, ako tvori\u0165 jednoduch\u00e9 vety.<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 japonsk\u00e1 gramatika<\/h2>\n<p>Dne\u0161n\u00fd obsah v\u00e1m tie\u017e pom\u00f4\u017ee lep\u0161ie pochopi\u0165 v\u0161etko, \u010do sme sa u\u017e nau\u010dili v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich \u010dl\u00e1nkoch. Ne\u010dakajte v\u0161ak \u017eiadnu ve\u013ek\u00fa h\u013abku. Ide o ve\u013emi z\u00e1kladn\u00fa \u010das\u0165 japonsk\u00e9ho jazyka a \u010dasom si gramatick\u00e9 znalosti e\u0161te viac preh\u013abime.<\/p>\n<p class=\"orange\">Kurzorom my\u0161i prejdite na japonsk\u00e9 p\u00edsmen\u00e1, aby ste videli ich v\u00fdslovnos\u0165 a preklad.<\/p>\n<h2>Japonsk\u00e1 gramatika a \u010dastice<\/h2>\n<p>V\u00fdzvy\u00a0<em>\u010dastice<\/em>s\u00fa <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/abeceda-japoncina-hiragana-katakana-prirucka-studium-2\/\">slabiky japonskej abecedy<\/a> pou\u017e\u00edva sa na ozna\u010denie slov vety alebo bodky. V japonskej gramatike zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu, preto\u017ee ozna\u010duj\u00fa funkciu ka\u017ed\u00e9ho slova vo vete.<\/p>\n<p>\u010castice teda ur\u010duj\u00fa, ktor\u00e9 slovo je subjektom vety, ktor\u00e9 je priamym alebo nepriamym predmetom, ktor\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 vety je predik\u00e1tom at\u010f. V japonskej gramatike nemaj\u00fa \u010dastice \u0161pecifick\u00fd preklad, v mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch dokonca nemaj\u00fa ani preklad, ale ke\u010f sa prekladaj\u00fa, vo v\u0161eobecnosti zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa podobn\u00fa \u00falohu ako na\u0161e predlo\u017eky, \u010dleny a spojky.<\/p>\n<p>\u010eal\u0161\u00edm d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm javom v japonskej gramatike je skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee \u010dastice maj\u00fa in\u00fd zvuk ako pri p\u00edsan\u00ed. Niektor\u00e9 slabiky m\u00f4\u017eu zmeni\u0165 svoj zvuk, ke\u010f sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa ako \u010dastice. To je pr\u00edpad \u010dast\u00edc\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa\">\u306f<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"e\">\u3078<\/acronym>V skuto\u010dnosti sa p\u00ed\u0161u so slabikami HA a HE, ale \u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa sa ako WA a E.<\/p>\n<p>Nebojte sa, ak teraz ve\u013ea nerozumiete, \u010dasom to bude jednoduch\u0161ie a nau\u010d\u00edte sa viac o japonskej gramatike.<\/p>\n<h3>Zozn\u00e1menie sa s \u010dasticou WA a \u0161tandardom\u00a0<strong>A\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa\">\u306f<\/acronym>\u00a0B\u00a0<acronym title=\"desu | Slovo podobn\u00e9 slovesu ser v portugal\u010dine.\">\u3067\u3059<\/acronym><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>V japon\u010dine sa ve\u013emi \u010dasto vyskytuj\u00fa vety, v ktor\u00fdch sa pou\u017e\u00edva \u010dastica\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa\">\u306f<\/acronym>. Zvy\u010dajne nazna\u010duje, \u017ee slovo pred n\u00edm je t\u00e9mou alebo hlavn\u00fdm predmetom vety. Pojem t\u00e9my v portugalskom jazyku neexistuje, tak\u017ee t\u00e9ma <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/vocabulario-japones-basico-para-iniciantes\/\">Japonsk\u00e9 fr\u00e1zy<\/a> sa \u010dasto dost\u00e1va do poz\u00edcie subjektu vo vo\u013enom preklade z japon\u010diny do portugal\u010diny.<\/p>\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/zakladne-castice-cast-1-%e3%81%af-a-%e3%81%8c\/\">wa \u010dastica<\/a> sa tie\u017e be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edva na vytvorenie\u00a0<strong>A\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa\">\u306f<\/acronym>\u00a0B\u00a0<acronym title=\"desu | Slovo podobn\u00e9 slovesu ser v portugal\u010dine.\">\u3067\u3059<\/acronym><\/strong>\u00a0(A je B), pri\u010dom predvolen\u00e1 hodnota\u00a0<strong>A<\/strong>\u00a0je hlavnou t\u00e9mou vety,\u00a0<strong>B<\/strong>\u00a0o \u010dom hovor\u00edme\u00a0<strong>A<\/strong>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"desu | Slovo podobn\u00e9 slovesu ser v portugal\u010dine.\">\u3067\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0je slovo podobn\u00e9 portugalsk\u00e9mu slovesu ser. Pomocou tohto vzoru m\u00f4\u017eeme vytvori\u0165 mnoho r\u00f4znych viet, napr:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kare wa sensei desu - je u\u010dite\u013e\">\u5f7c<span class=\"orange\">\u306f<\/span>\u5148\u751f<span class=\"blue\">\u3067\u3059<\/span>\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kanojo wa nihonjin dewa arimasen - Nie je Japonka.\">\u5f7c\u5973<span class=\"orange\">\u306f<\/span>\u65e5\u672c\u4eba<span class=\"blue\">\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span>\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"watashi wa edoarudo desu | eu-wa-eduardo-ser.\">\u79c1<span class=\"orange\">\u306f<\/span>\u30a8\u30c9\u30a2\u30eb\u30c9<span class=\"blue\">\u3067\u3059<\/span>\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Vo vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fdch vet\u00e1ch,\u00a0<acronym title=\"desu | Slovo podobn\u00e9 slovesu ser v portugal\u010dine.\">\u3067\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam ekvivalentn\u00fd so slovesom ser a\u00a0<acronym title=\"dewa arimasen - neby\u0165\">\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym>\u00a0m\u00e1 negat\u00edvny v\u00fdznam, akoby \"nie je\" alebo \"nie je\". Okrem toho sa v \u0148om vyskytuje slabika\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa\">\u306f<\/acronym>\u00a0n\u00e1jdete na adrese\u00a0<acronym title=\"dewa arimasen - neby\u0165\">\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym>\u00a0je \u010dastica. Preto sa \u010d\u00edta ako wa a nie ha.<\/p>\n<p>V japonskom jazyku existuj\u00fa aj in\u00e9 slov\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa t\u00fato \u010dasticu vo svojom zlo\u017een\u00ed. Ako napr\u00edklad slov\u00e1\u00a0<acronym title=\"konnichiwa - Dobr\u00fd de\u0148 alebo Dobr\u00e9 popoludnie\">\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"konbanwa - Dobr\u00fd ve\u010der\">\u3053\u3093\u3070\u3093\u306f<\/acronym>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>V mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch, ke\u010f je hlavn\u00e1 t\u00e9ma u\u017e jasne uveden\u00e1 vo vete, Japonci vynech\u00e1vaj\u00fa obe \u010dastice\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa\">\u306f<\/acronym>\u00a0ako samotn\u00e1 t\u00e9ma. Napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kanojo wa sensei desu - Je to u\u010dite\u013eka.\">\u5f7c\u5973<span class=\"orange\">\u306f<\/span>\u5148\u751f<span class=\"blue\">\u3067\u3059<\/span>\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"nihonjin dewa arimasen - (Nie je) Japonka.\">\u65e5\u672c\u4eba<span class=\"blue\">\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span>\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>V\u0161imnite si, \u017ee tieto dve vety hovoria o tom istom predmete \"Ona\", a ke\u010f\u017ee v druhej vete je u\u017e t\u00e9ma jasne zn\u00e1ma, mo\u017eno ju vynecha\u0165 bez toho, aby sa naru\u0161ilo porozumenie viet. \u010eal\u0161ia vec, ktor\u00e1 stoj\u00ed za zmienku, je, \u017ee sloveso sa v japon\u010dine zvy\u010dajne objavuje na konci vety<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Japonsk\u00e1 gramatika a japonsk\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n<p>Pod\u013ea japonskej gramatiky spo\u010d\u00edva z\u00e1klad tvorenia opytovac\u00edch viet v japon\u010dine v spr\u00e1vnom pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed \u010dast\u00edc\u00a0<span title=\"ka\"><acronym title=\"ka\">\u304b<\/acronym><\/span>, ktor\u00fd sa prid\u00e1va na koniec vety, akoby to bol n\u00e1\u0161 ot\u00e1znik.<span id=\"more-562\"><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>V hovorovej re\u010di na\u0161i orient\u00e1lni priatelia \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na polo\u017eenie ot\u00e1zky v japon\u010dine \u010dasticu\u00a0<span title=\"v\"><acronym title=\"v\">\u306e<\/acronym><\/span>\u00a0(v z\u00e1vislosti od oblasti Japonska) namiesto \u010dastice\u00a0<acronym title=\"ka\">\u304b<\/acronym>alebo jednoducho nepou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 \u010dastice a charakterizova\u0165 t\u00e1zacie vety inton\u00e1ciou hlasu.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Z tohto d\u00f4vodu si po\u010das rozhovoru mus\u00edme uvedomi\u0165, kedy je veta v\u00fdpove\u010fou a kedy Japonci klad\u00fa ot\u00e1zky. Napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kare wa nihonjin desu. Je to Japonec.\">\u5f7c\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym>\u00a0- Potvrdzuj\u00faca veta v japon\u010dine.<br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kare wa nihonjin desu ka? Je to Japonec?\">\u5f7c\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f<\/acronym>\u00a0- Form\u00e1lna zis\u0165ovacia veta.<br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kare wa nihonjin desu no? Je to Japonec?\">\u5f7c\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u306e\uff1f<\/acronym>\u00a0- Neform\u00e1lna opytovacia veta.<br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kare wa nihonjin desu? Je to Japonec?\">\u5f7c\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u3067\u3059\uff1f<\/acronym>\u00a0- \u00daplne neform\u00e1lna fr\u00e1za. O tom, \u017ee ide o opytovaciu vetu, sa dozviete len pod\u013ea inton\u00e1cie hlasu alebo znaku ?.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161imnite si, \u017ee ot\u00e1zniky ? som pou\u017eil len preto, aby som u\u013eah\u010dil rozl\u00ed\u0161enie medzi zis\u0165ovac\u00edmi a potvrdzovac\u00edmi vetami, preto\u017ee pod\u013ea japonskej gramatiky je ich pou\u017eitie nepovinn\u00e9. Pokia\u013e ide o texty a knihy, Japonci vo v\u0161eobecnosti p\u00ed\u0161u form\u00e1lnym sp\u00f4sobom. V\u010faka tomu je \u013eahk\u00e9 rozl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 ot\u00e1zky od v\u00fdrokov.<\/p>\n<h3>Ako odpoveda\u0165 na ot\u00e1zky v japon\u010dine<\/h3>\n<p>Najz\u00e1kladnej\u0161\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom, ako odpoveda\u0165 na ot\u00e1zky v japon\u010dine, je pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 slov\u00e1\u00a0<acronym title=\"hai | \u00e1no\">\u306f\u3044<\/acronym>\u00a0alebo\u00a0<acronym title=\"iie | nie\">\u3044\u3044\u3048<\/acronym>a potom pridajte odpove\u010f pomocou\u00a0<acronym title=\"desu | ser\">\u3067\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0v pr\u00edslu\u0161nom tvare. Pozrite si pr\u00edklad uveden\u00fd ni\u017e\u0161ie:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Ak sa chcete o desu dozvedie\u0165 viac, pre\u010d\u00edtajte si tento \u010dl\u00e1nok:\u00a0<a title=\"Desu - sloveso by\u0165 v japon\u010dine\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/desu-sloveso-byt-v-japoncine\/\">DESU sloveso by\u0165 v japon\u010dine s<\/a>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Pr\u00edklad<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Anata wa burajirujin desu ka. | Si Braz\u00edl\u010dan?\">\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306f\u30d6\u30e9\u30b8\u30eb\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Na tento typ ot\u00e1zky mo\u017eno odpoveda\u0165 dvoma sp\u00f4sobmi. Jeden je kladn\u00fd:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Hai, burajirujin desu. \u00c1no, som Braz\u00edl\u010dan.\">\u306f\u3044\u3001\u30d6\u30e9\u30b8\u30eb\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>A \u010fal\u0161ie negat\u00edvum:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Iie, burajirujin dewa arimasen. Nie, nie som Braz\u00edl\u010dan.\">\u3044\u3044\u3048\u3001\u30d6\u30e9\u30b8\u30eb\u4eba\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Kladenie ot\u00e1zok v japon\u010dine s \u010dasticou WA<\/h3>\n<p>Po\u010das rozhovorov v reklamn\u00fdch rel\u00e1ci\u00e1ch je ve\u013emi be\u017en\u00e9 vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 ot\u00e1zky v japon\u010dine len pomocou t\u00e9my a \u010dastice\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa\">\u306f<\/acronym>. V tak\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch m\u00f4\u017eete poveda\u0165, \u017ee veta je ot\u00e1zkou, len v\u010faka inton\u00e1cii hlasu. Napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kanojo wa? - Je to ona? Je to o nej?\">\u5f7c\u5973\u306f\uff1f<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"\u010co je kore\u0148 wa? - Je to tak? Je to o tom?\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\uff1f<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"watashi wa? - Je to o mne? Je to o mne?\">\u79c1\u306f\uff1f<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Japonsk\u00e1 gramatika a v\u00fdkri\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 vety<\/h2>\n<p>Tvorba zvol\u00e1vac\u00edch viet v japon\u010dine je rovnako jednoduch\u00e1 ako tvorba opytovac\u00edch viet v japon\u010dine. Na to pou\u017e\u00edvame \u010dastice\u00a0<acronym title=\"yo\">\u3088<\/acronym>ako n\u00e1s u\u010d\u00ed japonsk\u00e1 gramatika.<\/p>\n<p>\u010castice\u00a0<acronym title=\"yo\">\u3088<\/acronym>\u00a0je \u010fal\u0161ia ve\u013emi jednoduch\u00e1 \u010dastica, ktor\u00fa sa treba nau\u010di\u0165. Rovnako ako\u00a0<acronym title=\"ka\">\u304b<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"yo\">\u3088<\/acronym>je na konci japonskej vety a m\u00e1 charakter v\u00fdkri\u010dn\u00edka, akoby zd\u00f4raz\u0148oval vetu. T\u00e1to \u010dastica sa pou\u017e\u00edva rovnako ako n\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdkri\u010dn\u00edk (!).<span id=\"more-556\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>V hovorenom jazyku\u00a0<acronym title=\"yo\">\u3088<\/acronym>\u00a0je ve\u013emi v\u00fdrazn\u00fd a v\u017edy pri\u0165ahuje pozornos\u0165 posluch\u00e1\u010da. Napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kore wa jamu desu yo! - Toto je d\u017eem!\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30b8\u30e3\u30e0\u3067\u3059\u3088\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Japonsk\u00e1 gramatika a \u010dastica ne<\/h2>\n<p>Ke\u010f chc\u00fa Japonci zd\u00f4razni\u0165 vetu alebo jednoducho upriami\u0165 pozornos\u0165 posluch\u00e1\u010da, \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u010dastice\u00a0<acronym title=\"ne\">\u306d<\/acronym>\u00a0na konci japonsk\u00fdch viet. Takto sa \u010dastica\u00a0<acronym title=\"ne\">\u306d<\/acronym>\u00a0nadob\u00fada rovnak\u00fd v\u00fdznam ako v\u00fdraz \"n\u00e3o \u00e9?\" pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v portugal\u010dine. Pozrite sa na to:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Anata wa sensei desu ne? - Vy ste u\u010dite\u013e, v\u0161ak?\">\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306f\u5148\u751f\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kare wa burajirujin desu ne? - Je to Braz\u00edl\u010dan. Je to Braz\u00edl\u010dan?\">\u5f7c\u306f\u30d6\u30e9\u30b8\u30eb\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>V niektor\u00fdch oblastiach Braz\u00edlie sa v\u00fdraz \"n\u00e3o \u00e9?\" pou\u017e\u00edva rovnako ako \u010dastica\u00a0<acronym title=\"ne\">\u306d<\/acronym>\u00a0Japonska. Z gramatick\u00e9ho (ak to tak m\u00f4\u017eem poveda\u0165...) aj fonetick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska.<\/p>\n<p>Nieko\u013eko mojich priate\u013eov sa ma op\u00fdtalo: \"Ty si u\u010dite\u013e japon\u010diny? A ty? Rovnako ako \u010dastica\u00a0<acronym title=\"ne\">\u306d<\/acronym>. Je to tak? \ud83d\ude00<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Pod\u013ea japonskej gramatiky sa \u010dastica\u00a0<acronym title=\"ne\">\u306d<\/acronym>\u00a0mo\u017eno klasifikova\u0165 ako \u017eiados\u0165 o potvrdenie, ale nie v\u017edy sa tak deje. V niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch akoby hovoriaci len z\u00edskaval pozornos\u0165 posluch\u00e1\u010da a nepotrebuje nevyhnutne potvrdenie. S\u00fa to v\u0161ak zriedkavej\u0161ie pr\u00edpady.<\/p>\n<p>Pokia\u013e ide o \u00farove\u0148 form\u00e1lnosti, pokia\u013e viem, \u010dastica\u00a0<acronym title=\"ne\">\u306d<\/acronym>\u00a0mo\u017eno pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 bez ak\u00fdchko\u013evek obmedzen\u00ed. Nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, \u010di ide o form\u00e1lnu, neform\u00e1lnu, \u00fastnu alebo textov\u00fa konverz\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fafam, \u017ee sa v\u00e1m \u010dl\u00e1nky p\u00e1\u010dia. Ak nie, nezabudnite sa mi ozva\u0165. Ak m\u00e1te nejak\u00e9 kritick\u00e9 pripomienky alebo n\u00e1vrhy, v\u017edy som ochotn\u00fd si ich vypo\u010du\u0165 a pok\u00fasi\u0165 sa ich zlep\u0161i\u0165.<\/p>\n<h2>Cvi\u010denie p\u00edsania kand\u017ei rukou<\/h2>\n<p>Ni\u017e\u0161ie s\u00fa uveden\u00e9\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/japonske-symboly-jouyou-kanji\/\">Japonsk\u00e9 ideografick\u00e9 symboly<\/a>\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00e9 v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku. Vyberte po\u017eadovan\u00e9 kand\u017ei, skop\u00edrujte ich a vlo\u017ete do\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/in\/imprimir-para-treinar-kanas-e-kanjis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pracovn\u00fd list na precvi\u010dovanie k\u00e1n a kand\u017ei<\/a>\u00a0 kliknut\u00edm na tla\u010didlo Generova\u0165 sa otvor\u00ed nov\u00e9 okno, v ktorom si m\u00f4\u017eete pozrie\u0165 s\u00fabor na vytla\u010denie. Potom si jednoducho vytla\u010dte symboly a sk\u00faste ich nap\u00edsa\u0165 sami. Sta\u010d\u00ed vytla\u010di\u0165 a cvi\u010di\u0165!<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 79px\" border=\"0\" width=\"410\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5f7c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5148<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u751f<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u65e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u4eba<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u79c1<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u672c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5973<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Z\u00edskajte viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o z\u00e1kladnej japonskej gramatike pre \u0161tudentov nihonga! V dne\u0161nom \u010dl\u00e1nku pochop\u00edme niektor\u00e9 z\u00e1klady japonsk\u00e9ho jazyka t\u00fdm, \u017ee pochop\u00edme tvorbu jednoduch\u00fdch viet. Z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 japonsk\u00e1 gramatika Obsah<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":77,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/estudando_japones.jpg?fit=450%2C300&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2447,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/como-formar-frases-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1637,"position":0},"title":"Ako tvori\u0165 vety v japon\u010dine","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"11 de okt\u00f3ber de 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda agora a\u00a0como formar frases em japon\u00eas! Formar frases em japon\u00eas\u00a0\u00e9 um processo simples do lado pr\u00e1tico, mas complexo do lado gramatical. Isso exige um vocabul\u00e1rio b\u00e1sico e um conhecimento m\u00ednimo de gram\u00e1tica japonesa. Como formar frases em japon\u00eas Como muitos leitores do\u00a0L\u00edngua Japonesa\u00a0me enviam e-mails com d\u00favidas sobre como\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Vocabul\u00e1rio japon\u00eas&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Vocabul\u00e1rio japon\u00eas","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/vocabulario-japones\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Como formar frases em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/nihongo_idioma.jpg?fit=477%2C296&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1661,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/sujeito-das-frases-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1637,"position":1},"title":"Predmet vety v japon\u010dine","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda mais sobre\u00a0o sujeito das frases em japon\u00eas no nihongo! Como j\u00e1 estudamos\u00a0a ordem das palavras nas frases em japon\u00eas, sabemos que elas possuem uma organiza\u00e7\u00e3o inversa das palavras na l\u00edngua portuguesa. Nas frases em japon\u00eas, geralmente a ordem das palavras \u00e9\u00a0sujeito\u00a0+\u00a0objeto\u00a0(predicado ou resto da frase) +\u00a0verbo. Para ficar mais\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"O sujeito das frases em japon\u00eas - part\u00edcula WA ","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/ha-150x150.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1699,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/tipos-de-adjetivos-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1637,"position":2},"title":"Druhy pr\u00eddavn\u00fdch mien v japon\u010dine","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Conhe\u00e7a os tipos de adjetivos em japon\u00eas e aprenda mais! Antes de come\u00e7ar a falar sobre os adjetivos japoneses propriamente ditos, vamos ver uma descri\u00e7\u00e3o geral sobre os tipos de adjetivos encontrados na l\u00edngua japonesa. Passe o cursor do mouse sobre os s\u00edmbolos japoneses (kanjis) para ver a pron\u00fancia e\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Os tipos de adjetivos em japon\u00eas - \u9752\u3044\u8eca","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/tipos-de-adjetivos-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1713,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/adjetivos-na-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1637,"position":3},"title":"Na pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda agora mais sobre os adjetivos na em japon\u00eas! Nos artigos anteriores sobre adjetivos em japon\u00eas, entendemos os tipos de adjetivos e as flex\u00f5es dos adjetivos japoneses\u00a0\u3044. No artigo de hoje vamos conhecer as flex\u00f5es dos adjetivos japoneses\u00a0\u306a. Os adjetivos na em japon\u00eas No que diz respeito \u00e0 flex\u00e3o desses\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Adjetivos japoneses&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Adjetivos japoneses","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/adjetivos-japoneses\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Os adjetivos na em japon\u00eas - \u5927\u5207\u306a\u672c\u3067\u3059","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/adjetivos-na-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1706,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/adjetivos-i-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1637,"position":4},"title":"Pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 na i v japon\u010dine","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Vamos agora conhecer\u00a0os adjetivos i em japon\u00eas! Como j\u00e1 conhecemos superficialmente os adjetivos em japon\u00eas, chegou o momento de aprofundarmos um pouco mais no assunto dos adjetivos japoneses. \u00c9 neste ponto que a gram\u00e1tica japonesa demora a ser compreendida por iniciantes em\u00a0l\u00edngua japonesa. Todos n\u00f3s conhecemos o conceito de flex\u00e3o\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Adjetivos japoneses&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Adjetivos japoneses","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/adjetivos-japoneses\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Os adjetivos i em japon\u00eas - \u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30dc\u30fc\u30eb","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/adjetivos-i-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1676,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/pronomes-possessivos-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1637,"position":5},"title":"Privlast\u0148ovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Conhe\u00e7a mais sobre\u00a0os pronomes possessivos em japon\u00eas! Nos artigos anteriores descobrimos como\u00a0os pronomes pessoais\u00a0s\u00e3o escritos em japon\u00eas. Hoje, vamos entender como s\u00e3o formados os pronomes possessivos em japon\u00eas. Os pronomes possessivos em japon\u00eas Para formar os pronomes possessivos, vamos precisar dos pronomes pessoais e da\u00a0part\u00edcula\u00a0\u306e. Essa part\u00edcula indica posse, relacionamento\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Os pronomes possessivos em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/pronomes-possessivos-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1637","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1637"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1637\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/77"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1637"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1637"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1637"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}