{"id":1680,"date":"2009-11-03T04:51:12","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T06:51:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1680"},"modified":"2018-03-09T22:16:01","modified_gmt":"2018-03-10T01:16:01","slug":"zamena-demonstrativa-v-japoncine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/pronomes-demonstrativos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Ukazovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"42f50e0ef69d15b5aee26f1ed3eeb18c\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Zistite viac o <strong>ukazovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine<\/strong>!<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1681 size-full\" title=\"Ukazovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/pronomes-demonstrativos-em-japones.gif?resize=100%2C100&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Ukazovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" \/>Ukazovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine predstavuj\u00fa s\u00fabor <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/vocabulario-japones\/\">Japonsk\u00e9 slov\u00e1<\/a> ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eeme pou\u017ei\u0165, ke\u010f chceme pomenova\u0165 veci, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa okolo n\u00e1s.<\/p>\n<h2>Ukazovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine<\/h2>\n<p>T\u00e1to skupina slov je zn\u00e1ma aj ako\u00a0<strong>ko-so-a-do<\/strong>slov\u00e1 s\u00fa zlo\u017een\u00e9 z radik\u00e1lov tej istej fon\u00e9my a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa na vyjadrenie my\u0161lienok pod\u013ea situ\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<h2>To, to a to v japon\u010dine<\/h2>\n<p>Prv\u00e1 skupina, s ktorou sa stretneme, je\u00a0<acronym title=\"kore - toto, toto a toto\">\u3053\u308c<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"boles\u0165 - to, to, to\">\u305d\u308c<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"s\u00fa - \u017ee, \u017ee, \u017ee, \u017ee\">\u3042\u308c<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"dore - ktor\u00fd\">\u3069\u308c<\/acronym>.<span id=\"more-34\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kore - toto, toto a toto\">\u3053\u308c<\/acronym>\u00a0znamen\u00e1 toto, toto a toto. Zvy\u010dajne sa pou\u017e\u00edva, ke\u010f hovor\u00edme o predmetoch v bl\u00edzkosti osoby, s ktorou hovor\u00edme.<acronym title=\"boles\u0165 - to, to, to\">\u305d\u308c<\/acronym>\u00a0znamen\u00e1 to, to a to.<acronym title=\"boles\u0165 - to, to, to\">\u305d\u308c<\/acronym>\u00a0sa pou\u017e\u00edva, ke\u010f hovor\u00edme o nie\u010dom, \u010do je posluch\u00e1\u010dovi bl\u00edzke.\u00a0<acronym title=\"s\u00fa - \u017ee, \u017ee, \u017ee, \u017ee\">\u3042\u308c<\/acronym>znamen\u00e1, \u017ee, \u017ee a \u017ee a<acronym title=\"s\u00fa - \u017ee, \u017ee, \u017ee, \u017ee\"><\/acronym>\u00a0sa pou\u017e\u00edva pre veci, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa vzdialen\u00e9 od hovoriaceho a po\u010d\u00favaj\u00faceho. Nakoniec,\u00a0<acronym title=\"dore - ktor\u00fd\">\u3069\u308c<\/acronym>\u00a0znamen\u00e1 \"ktor\u00fd\" a v japon\u010dine sa pou\u017e\u00edva na kladenie ot\u00e1zok.<\/p>\n<p>Ak sa teda chcete sp\u00fdta\u0165 priate\u013ea, \u010di to, \u010do dr\u017e\u00edte v ruk\u00e1ch, je syr, jednoducho to povedzte:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kore wa chiizu desu ka? - Je to syr?\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30c1\u30fc\u30ba\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Na druhej strane si teraz predstavte, \u017ee v\u00e1\u0161 japonsk\u00fd priate\u013e prin\u00e1\u0161a v ruke tanier a vy chcete vedie\u0165, \u010di jedlo, ktor\u00e9 prin\u00e1\u0161a, je d\u017eem. Sp\u00fdtate sa:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"sore wa jamu desu ka? - Je to d\u017eem?\">\u305d\u308c\u306f\u30b8\u30e3\u30e0\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>V\u00e1\u0161 japonsk\u00fd priate\u013e chce vedie\u0165, \u010di je d\u00e1\u017ednik v rohu miestnosti v\u00e1\u0161. Ke\u010f\u017ee d\u00e1\u017ednik je \u010faleko od v\u00e1s oboch, sp\u00fdta sa:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"s\u00fa wa anata no kasa desu ka? - Je to v\u00e1\u0161 d\u00e1\u017ednik?\">\u3042\u308c\u306f\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306e\u304b\u3055\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Teraz si predstavte, \u017ee na stole le\u017e\u00ed nieko\u013eko kn\u00edh a vy sa chcete op\u00fdta\u0165, ktor\u00e1 z nich patr\u00ed v\u00e1\u0161mu japonsk\u00e9mu priate\u013eovi. Jeden zo sp\u00f4sobov, ako sa na to op\u00fdta\u0165, je:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"anata no hon wa dore desu ka? - \u010co je va\u0161a kniha?\">\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306e\u672c\u306f\u3069\u308c\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Tento, tento a tento v japon\u010dine (pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 meno)<\/h2>\n<p>Druh\u00e1 skupina kosoado je ve\u013emi podobn\u00e1 prvej, tentoraz s\u00fa slov\u00e1:\u00a0<acronym title=\"kono - toto, toto a toto\">\u3053\u306e<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"sp\u00e1nok - toto, toto a toto\">\u305d\u306e<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"rok - to, to, to\">\u3042\u306e<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"vlastn\u00edk - ktor\u00fd\">\u3069\u306e<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kono - toto, toto a toto\">\u3053\u306e<\/acronym>\u00a0znamen\u00e1 tento, t\u00e1to, t\u00e1to a pou\u017e\u00edva sa pri pomen\u00favan\u00ed predmetov alebo os\u00f4b, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v bl\u00edzkosti hovoriaceho.\u00a0<acronym title=\"sp\u00e1nok - toto, toto a toto\">\u305d\u306e<\/acronym>\u00a0znamen\u00e1 to, to, to a pou\u017e\u00edva sa pri pomen\u00favan\u00ed vec\u00ed alebo os\u00f4b, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa posluch\u00e1\u010dovi bl\u00edzke.\u00a0<acronym title=\"rok - to, to, to\">\u3042\u306e<\/acronym>\u00a0znamen\u00e1, \u017ee, \u017ee, \u017ee a pou\u017e\u00edva sa pri pomen\u00favan\u00ed predmetov alebo os\u00f4b, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa vzdialen\u00e9 od toho, kto hovor\u00ed a po\u010d\u00fava. Nakoniec m\u00e1me\u00a0<acronym title=\"vlastn\u00edk - ktor\u00fd\">\u3069\u306e<\/acronym>\u00a0ktor\u00fd znamen\u00e1 \"ktor\u00fd\" a pou\u017e\u00edva sa v ot\u00e1zkov\u00fdch vet\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Pri anal\u00f3gii s predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facou t\u00e9mou pou\u017eime ve\u013emi podobn\u00e9 pr\u00edklady. Predpokladajme, \u017ee v ruk\u00e1ch dr\u017e\u00edte d\u017eem. Ke\u010f\u017ee dobre var\u00edte, v\u00e1\u0161 d\u017eem je v okol\u00ed dobre zn\u00e1my. Ako to poviete svojmu kamar\u00e1tovi odved\u013ea? Jednoducho.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kono jamu wa taihen yuumei desu. - Tento d\u017eem je ve\u013emi zn\u00e1my.\">\u3053\u306e\u30b8\u30e3\u30e0\u306f\u5927\u5909\u6709\u540d\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Teraz si predstavte, \u017ee v tej istej miestnosti le\u017eia na stole noviny. Tento st\u00f4l je v rohu miestnosti. Ako sa op\u00fdtate, \u010di noviny patria v\u00e1\u0161mu priate\u013eovi, ke\u010f viete, \u017ee noviny s\u00fa od v\u00e1s oboch \u010faleko?<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"ano shinbun wa anata no desu ka? - Je to v\u00e1\u0161 papier?\">\u3042\u306e\u65b0\u805e\u306f\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>V tejto chv\u00edli si ur\u010dite kladiete ot\u00e1zku: Ak\u00a0<acronym title=\"kono - toto, toto a toto\">\u3053\u306e<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"sp\u00e1nok - toto, toto a toto\">\u305d\u306e<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"rok - to, to, to\">\u3042\u306e<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"vlastn\u00edk - ktor\u00fd\">\u3069\u306e<\/acronym>\u00a0m\u00e1 rovnak\u00fd v\u00fdznam ako\u00a0<acronym title=\"kore - toto, toto a toto\">\u3053\u308c<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"boles\u0165 - to, to, to\">\u305d\u308c<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"s\u00fa - \u017ee, \u017ee, \u017ee, \u017ee\">\u3042\u308c<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"dore - ktor\u00fd\">\u3069\u308c<\/acronym>Ako zist\u00edm, kedy ich m\u00e1m pou\u017ei\u0165? Je to celkom jednoduch\u00e9, mil\u00fd kolega. Z\u00e1kladn\u00fd rozdiel medzi nimi je v tom, \u017ee\u00a0<acronym title=\"kono - toto, toto a toto\">\u3053\u306e<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"sp\u00e1nok - toto, toto a toto\">\u305d\u306e<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"rok - to, to, to\">\u3042\u306e<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"vlastn\u00edk - ktor\u00fd\">\u3069\u306e<\/acronym>vy\u017eaduj\u00fa podstatn\u00e9 meno ako doplnok. \u010co? Presne tak. Po\u00a0<acronym title=\"kono - toto, toto a toto\">\u3053\u306e<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"sp\u00e1nok - toto, toto a toto\">\u305d\u306e<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"rok - to, to, to\">\u3042\u306e<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"vlastn\u00edk - ktor\u00fd\">\u3069\u306e<\/acronym>\u00a0mus\u00ed by\u0165 podstatn\u00e9 meno, zatia\u013e \u010do\u00a0<acronym title=\"kore - toto, toto a toto\">\u3053\u308c<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"boles\u0165 - to, to, to\">\u305d\u308c<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"s\u00fa - \u017ee, \u017ee, \u017ee, \u017ee\">\u3042\u308c<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"dore - ktor\u00fd\">\u3069\u308c<\/acronym>\u00a0sa nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pri podstatn\u00fdch men\u00e1ch. Ch\u00e1pete? Rozdiel je ve\u013emi jednoduch\u00fd. Pozrite sa na to:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kore wa anata no hon desu ka? - Je to va\u0161a kniha?\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306e\u672c\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kono hon wa anata no desu ka? - Je to va\u0161a kniha?\">\u3053\u306e\u672c\u306f\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/acronym>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161imli ste si rozdiely v kon\u0161trukcii?<\/p>\n<p>Preto\u017ee vy\u017eaduj\u00fa podstatn\u00e9 meno, s\u00fa tieto ukazovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1 zn\u00e1me aj ako\u00a0<strong>ukazovacie pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Mnoh\u00ed japonsk\u00ed u\u010ditelia rozli\u0161uj\u00fa medzi dvoma skupinami kosoado vy\u0161\u0161ie. Zvy\u010dajne hovoria, \u017ee\u00a0<acronym title=\"kore - toto, toto a toto\">\u3053\u308c<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"boles\u0165 - to, to, to\">\u305d\u308c<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"s\u00fa - \u017ee, \u017ee, \u017ee, \u017ee\">\u3042\u308c<\/acronym>\u00a0znamen\u00e1 to, to a to, a to\u00a0<acronym title=\"kono - toto, toto a toto\">\u3053\u306e<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"sp\u00e1nok - toto, toto a toto\">\u305d\u306e<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"rok - to, to, to\">\u3042\u306e<\/acronym>\u00a0mysl\u00ed sa ten, ten a ten.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoh\u00ed u\u010ditelia japon\u010diny robia tento rozdiel preto, lebo h\u013eadaj\u00fa jednoduch\u0161\u00ed sp\u00f4sob v\u00fdu\u010dby japon\u010diny pomocou anal\u00f3gi\u00ed s portugalsk\u00fdmi ukazovac\u00edmi z\u00e1menami. Japonci v\u0161ak tak\u00fdto rozdiel nerobia.<\/p>\n<p>V ka\u017edom pr\u00edpade sa m\u00f4\u017eete riadi\u0165 ak\u00fdmko\u013evek konceptom, ktor\u00fd si \u017eel\u00e1te. Ak sa budete riadi\u0165 tak, ako v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina, a budete rozli\u0161ova\u0165 medzi dvoma skupinami kosoado, neurob\u00edte \u017eiadnu chybu. A postupuj\u00fac sp\u00f4sobom, ktor\u00fd uv\u00e1dzam v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku, tie\u017e neurob\u00edte \u017eiadne chyby. M\u00f4j n\u00e1vrh je, aby ste sa riadili sp\u00f4sobom, ktor\u00fd pova\u017eujete za najjednoduch\u0161\u00ed. Dobre?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>Tu, tam, tam a kde v japon\u010dine<\/h2>\n<p>Tretia skupina kosoado m\u00e1 podobn\u00fa my\u0161lienku ako skupiny v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich t\u00e9mach, ale tentoraz sa bude pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 na ozna\u010denie polohy vec\u00ed v japon\u010dine. S\u00fa to:\u00a0<acronym title=\"koko - tu (toto miesto)\">\u3053\u3053<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"soko - tam (na tom mieste)\">\u305d\u3053<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"asoko - tam (na tom mieste)\">\u3042\u305d\u3053<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"doko - kde\">\u3069\u3053<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<p>Pod\u013ea rovnakej anal\u00f3gie ako predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci kosoad, pok\u00fasim sa by\u0165 ve\u013emi jasn\u00fd.\u00a0<acronym title=\"koko - tu (toto miesto)\">\u3053\u3053<\/acronym>\u00a0sa pou\u017e\u00edva na ozna\u010denie polohy objektov, ktor\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v bl\u00edzkosti hovoriaceho.\u00a0<acronym title=\"soko - tam (na tom mieste)\">\u305d\u3053<\/acronym>\u00a0sa odpor\u00fa\u010da na ozna\u010denie objektov v bl\u00edzkosti posluch\u00e1\u010da.\u00a0<acronym title=\"asoko - tam (na tom mieste)\">\u3042\u305d\u3053<\/acronym>\u00a0sa pou\u017e\u00edva pre objekty, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa vzdialen\u00e9 od hovoriaceho a posluch\u00e1\u010da. E\u00a0<acronym title=\"doko - kde\">\u3069\u3053<\/acronym>\u00a0sa pou\u017e\u00edva na ot\u00e1zku, kde sa nach\u00e1dza nejak\u00e9 miesto v japon\u010dine.<\/p>\n<p>Predstavte si, \u017ee Japonec nav\u0161t\u00edvi Braz\u00edliu. Stretnete sa na ulici a Japonec v\u00e1s po\u017eiada o pomoc, preto\u017ee v okol\u00ed nie je nikto, kto by hovoril jeho jazykom. Japonec nevie ani po portugalsky.<\/p>\n<p>Medzi z\u00fafal\u00fdmi slovami a gestami n\u00e1\u0161ho orient\u00e1lneho priate\u013ea m\u00f4\u017eete porozumie\u0165 ve\u013emi be\u017enej fr\u00e1ze (\u00a0<acronym title=\"Hoteru wa doko desu ka? - Kde je hotel?\">\u30db\u30c6\u30eb\u306f\u3069\u3053\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/acronym>\u00a0) a v\u0161imnete si, \u017ee Japonec h\u013ead\u00e1 hotel. Spome\u0148te si, \u017ee vy stoj\u00edte vo dver\u00e1ch hotela a Japonec stoj\u00ed na druhej strane ulice. Mali by ste odpoveda\u0165 nie\u010do podobn\u00e9:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"hoteru wa koko desu. - Hotel je tu.\">\u30db\u30c6\u30eb\u306f\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Teraz si predstavte, \u017ee hotel je za Japoncami, na tej istej strane ulice ako oni. \u010co by ste povedali teraz?<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"hoteru wa soko desu. - Tam sa nach\u00e1dza hotel.\">\u30db\u30c6\u30eb\u306f\u305d\u3053\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Teraz op\u00e4\u0165 men\u00edme situ\u00e1ciu. Predstavte si, \u017ee hotel je na konci ulice, \u010faleko od v\u00e1s dvoch. \u010co urob\u00edte? Uk\u00e1\u017ete na koniec ulice a povedzte:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"hoteru wa soko desu. - Hotel je tam (na konci ulice).\">\u30db\u30c6\u30eb\u306f\u3042\u305d\u3053\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017eno to nebol jeden z najlep\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edkladov, ale mysl\u00edm, \u017ee ste pochopili, kedy tieto tri slov\u00e1 pou\u017ei\u0165. Ak ste dobre pozorovali, museli ste si v\u0161imn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee logika skup\u00edn kosoado je v\u017edy rovnak\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h2>Tento druh, tamten druh, takto a takto po japonsky<\/h2>\n<p><acronym title=\"konna\">\u3053\u3093\u306a<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"sonna\">\u305d\u3093\u306a<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"anna\">\u3042\u3093\u306a<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"donna\">\u3069\u3093\u306a<\/acronym>\u00a0s\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie tri japonsk\u00e9 slov\u00e1 s rovnak\u00fdm v\u00fdznamom ako\u00a0<acronym title=\"kore - toto, toto a toto\">\u3053\u308c<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"boles\u0165 - to, to, to\">\u305d\u308c<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"s\u00fa - \u017ee, \u017ee, \u017ee, \u017ee\">\u3042\u308c<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"dore - ktor\u00fd\">\u3069\u308c<\/acronym>ale pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa rovnako ako\u00a0<acronym title=\"kono - toto, toto a toto\">\u3053\u306e<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"sp\u00e1nok - toto, toto a toto\">\u305d\u306e<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"rok - to, to, to\">\u3042\u306e<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"vlastn\u00edk - ktor\u00fd\">\u3069\u306e<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"konna\">\u3053\u3093\u306a<\/acronym><br \/>\nZnamen\u00e1 to toto, toto, toto, toto, toto, toto, takto, takto alebo takto. M\u00f4\u017ee sa pou\u017ei\u0165 na zmienku o veciach, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa bl\u00edzke osobe, o ktorej hovor\u00edte.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"sonna\">\u305d\u3093\u306a<\/acronym><br \/>\nZnamen\u00e1 to toto, toto, toto, toto, tamto, takto, takto alebo takto. Pou\u017e\u00edva sa na zmienku o veciach, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa posluch\u00e1\u010dovi bl\u00edzke.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"anna\">\u3042\u3093\u306a<\/acronym><br \/>\nZnamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee, \u017ee, \u017ee, \u017ee, \u017ee, \u017ee, \u017ee, ako, ako, ako alebo ako. V tomto pr\u00edpade sa Anna pou\u017e\u00edva na pomenovanie nie\u010doho o veciach, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa vzdialen\u00e9 od t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed hovoria a po\u010d\u00favaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"donna\">\u3069\u3093\u306a<\/acronym>\u00a0je japonsk\u00e9 slovo, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edva na kladenie ot\u00e1zok, \u010do je anal\u00f3gia s\u00a0<acronym title=\"konna\">\u3053\u3093\u306a<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"sonna\">\u305d\u3093\u306a<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"anna\">\u3042\u3093\u306a<\/acronym>. V be\u017enej\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edpadoch,\u00a0<acronym title=\"donna\">\u3069\u3093\u306a<\/acronym>\u00a0mo\u017eno prelo\u017ei\u0165 ako: \"ktor\u00fd druh\", \"ak\u00fd druh\" alebo \"ktor\u00fd\".<\/p>\n<p>Okrem u\u017e spomenut\u00fdch v\u00fdznamov mo\u017eno uveden\u00e9 tri slov\u00e1 prelo\u017ei\u0165 aj ako:\u00a0<strong>podobn\u00e9<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>ako<\/strong>\u00a0( v zmysle porovnania - ste ako ten \u010dlovek ). M\u00f4\u017ee vyjadrova\u0165 my\u0161lienky, \u017ee nie\u010do \"je ur\u010dit\u00e9ho druhu\" alebo \"ur\u010dit\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom\" v my\u0161lienke porovnania. Tieto v\u00fdznamy v\u0161ak ve\u013emi z\u00e1visia od kontextu vety.<\/p>\n<p>Neznepokojujte sa t\u00fdmito rozdielmi, len sa ria\u010fte rovnakou anal\u00f3giou doteraz uveden\u00fdch t\u00e9m, aby ste vedeli, ako a kedy jednotliv\u00e9 t\u00e9my pou\u017ei\u0165. Teraz sa pozrime na nieko\u013eko pr\u00edkladov.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Konna handobaggu wa ikaga desu ka? - P\u00e1\u010di sa v\u00e1m tento druh pe\u0148a\u017eenky?\">\u3053\u3093\u306a\u30cf\u30f3\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30b0\u306f\u3044\u304b\u304c\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"boku wa anna dokoro tabemasen. - Na tomto mieste nejem; na tak\u00fdchto miestach nejem.\">\u50d5\u306f\u3042\u3093\u306a\u3069\u3053\u308d\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"donna kamera o kaimasu ka? - Ktor\u00fd ( ak\u00fd ) fotoapar\u00e1t si m\u00e1m k\u00fapi\u0165?\">\u3069\u3093\u306a\u30ab\u30e1\u30e9\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"donna keeki o tabemashou ka? - (Ktor\u00fd?) Ak\u00fd kol\u00e1\u010d si d\u00e1me?\">\u3069\u3093\u306a\u30b1\u30fc\u30ad\u3092\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Cvi\u010denie p\u00edsania kand\u017ei rukou<\/h2>\n<p>Ni\u017e\u0161ie s\u00fa uveden\u00e9\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/ako-pisat-japonske-pismena-kandzi\/\">Japonsk\u00e9 ideografick\u00e9 symboly<\/a>\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00e9 v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku. V\u00fdber po\u017eadovan\u00fdch kand\u017ei skop\u00edrujte a vlo\u017ete ich do\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/in\/imprimir-para-treinar-kanas-e-kanjis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pracovn\u00fd list na precvi\u010dovanie k\u00e1n a kand\u017ei<\/a>\u00a0otvor\u00ed sa nov\u00e9 okno, v ktorom si m\u00f4\u017eete prezrie\u0165 s\u00fabor na vytla\u010denie a precvi\u010di\u0165 si japonsk\u00fa kaligrafiu zakryt\u00edm siv\u00fdch symbolov a potom sa pok\u00fasi\u0165 p\u00edsa\u0165 sami. Sta\u010d\u00ed vytla\u010di\u0165 a cvi\u010di\u0165.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 78px\" border=\"0\" width=\"427\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u50d5<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u98df<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8cb7<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u672c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u65b0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u805e<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5927<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5909<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6709<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u540d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zistite viac o japonsk\u00fdch ukazovac\u00edch z\u00e1men\u00e1ch! Japonsk\u00e9 ukazovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1 s\u00fa v japonskom jazyku s\u00faborom slov, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eeme pou\u017ei\u0165, ke\u010f chceme pomenova\u0165 veci v na\u0161om okol\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1682,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,72,60],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1680","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-pronomes-em-japones","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/pronomes-demonstrativos-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1676,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/pronomes-possessivos-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1680,"position":0},"title":"Privlast\u0148ovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Conhe\u00e7a mais sobre\u00a0os pronomes possessivos em japon\u00eas! Nos artigos anteriores descobrimos como\u00a0os pronomes pessoais\u00a0s\u00e3o escritos em japon\u00eas. Hoje, vamos entender como s\u00e3o formados os pronomes possessivos em japon\u00eas. Os pronomes possessivos em japon\u00eas Para formar os pronomes possessivos, vamos precisar dos pronomes pessoais e da\u00a0part\u00edcula\u00a0\u306e. Essa part\u00edcula indica posse, relacionamento\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Os pronomes possessivos em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/pronomes-possessivos-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":456,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/kore-sore-are-%e3%81%93%e3%82%8c-%e3%81%9d%e3%82%8c-%e3%81%82%e3%82%8c\/","url_meta":{"origin":1680,"position":1},"title":"K\u00f3rejsk\u00e9 bo\u013eav\u00e9 miesta (\u3053\u308c \u305d\u308c \u3042\u308c)","author":"Rafael Avelino","date":"27 de janu\u00e1r de 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si viac o ukazovac\u00edch z\u00e1men\u00e1ch a o tom, kde ich pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 v japonskom jazyku, ktor\u00fdmi s\u00fa: Kore Sore Are (\u3053\u308c \u305d\u308c \u3042\u308c), ktor\u00e9 vo v\u0161eobecnosti ozna\u010duj\u00fa objekty.","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Japon\u00eas&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Japon\u00eas","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/japones\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"KORE SORE ARE","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/KORE_SORE_ARE-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C716&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/KORE_SORE_ARE-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C716&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/KORE_SORE_ARE-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C716&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/KORE_SORE_ARE-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C716&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/KORE_SORE_ARE-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C716&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1724,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/pronomes-de-tratamento-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1680,"position":2},"title":"Lie\u010debn\u00e9 z\u00e1men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Saiba mais sobre\u00a0os pronomes de tratamento em japon\u00eas! Existem in\u00fameros pronomes de tratamento em japon\u00eas. A maioria deles servem para especificar o n\u00edvel de relacionamento entre duas ou mais pessoas. Os pronomes de tratamento em japon\u00eas Assim, usamos um pronome de tratamento japon\u00eas para amigos outro para parentes e assim\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Os pronomes de tratamento em japon\u00eas - \u3061\u3083\u3093","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/pronomes-de-tratamento-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1686,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/substantivos-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1680,"position":3},"title":"Podstatn\u00e9 men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Conhe\u00e7a agora mais sobre\u00a0os substantivos em japon\u00eas do nihongo! Como muitos j\u00e1 devem saber, os substantivos s\u00e3o palavras usadas para referenciar (designar) pessoas, lugares, animais, pensamentos ou conceitos. \u00c9 importante conhecer o m\u00e1ximo de substantivos que conseguir, uma vez que, sem eles, n\u00e3o seremos capazes de discorrer sobre coisas concretas\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Os substantivos em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/substantivos-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1656,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/pronomes-pessoais-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1680,"position":4},"title":"Osobn\u00e9 z\u00e1men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda mais sobre\u00a0os pronomes pessoais em japon\u00eas! Em primeiro lugar, os japoneses adoram hierarquias e valorizam muito esse tipo de coisa. Por causa disso, a l\u00edngua japonesa possui muitas palavras de mesmo significado com usos em situa\u00e7\u00f5es completamente diferentes. 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Est\u00e1 p\u00e1gina funciona como um guia de estudos para o curso de japon\u00eas gr\u00e1tis do L\u00edngua Japonesa, onde qualquer interessado poder\u00e1 aprender japon\u00eas online gratuitamente. O objetivo \u00e9 reunir o m\u00e1ximo de conhecimento\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Como formar frases em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/nihongo_idioma.jpg?fit=477%2C296&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1680","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1680"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1680\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1682"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1680"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1680"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1680"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}