{"id":1706,"date":"2009-11-03T05:09:15","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T07:09:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1706"},"modified":"2026-08-10T22:16:06","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T01:16:06","slug":"i-pridavne-mena-v-japoncine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/adjetivos-i-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 i v japon\u010dine: sklo\u0148ovanie, pou\u017eitie a pr\u00edklady"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Str\u00e1nka <strong>i-pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine<\/strong>, tie\u017e naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 <strong>pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 \u3044<\/strong>, sa m\u00f4\u017eu objavi\u0165 priamo pred podstatn\u00fdm menom a tie\u017e ukon\u010dova\u0165 vetu. Pri ich oh\u00fdban\u00ed je hlavn\u00fdm pravidlom odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 koncov\u00e9 <strong>\u3044<\/strong> a prida\u0165 potrebn\u00fa koncovku: <strong>\uff5e\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/strong> v z\u00e1pore, <strong>\uff5e\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong> v minulom \u010dase a <strong>\uff5e\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong> v z\u00e1pornom minulom \u010dase.<\/p>\n\n<p>T\u00e1to transform\u00e1cia patr\u00ed k samotn\u00e9mu pr\u00eddavn\u00e9mu menu. <strong>\u3067\u3059<\/strong> m\u00f4\u017ee vetu urobi\u0165 zdvorilou, ale nemal by sa pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165, ako keby bol jedinou \u010das\u0165ou zodpovednou za \u010das alebo z\u00e1por.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u010co s\u00fa i-pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 \u3044 opisuj\u00fa vlastnosti, stavy, pocity alebo hodnotenia. Z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 forma zvy\u010dajne kon\u010d\u00ed na <strong>\u3044<\/strong>ako <strong>\u9ad8\u3044<\/strong> (<em>takai<\/em>, vysok\u00fd alebo drah\u00fd), <strong>\u65b0\u3057\u3044<\/strong> (<em>atarashii<\/em>, nov\u00fd) a <strong>\u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u3044<\/strong> (<em>omoshiroi<\/em>, zauj\u00edmav\u00fd).<\/p>\n\n<p>Maj\u00fa dva hlavn\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby pou\u017eitia:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pred podstatn\u00fdm menom:<\/strong> \u65b0\u3057\u3044\u672c (<em>atarashii hon<\/em>) \u2014 nov\u00e1 kniha.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ako predik\u00e1t:<\/strong> \u3053\u306e\u672c\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059 (<em>Kono hon wa atarashii desu<\/em>) \u2014 T\u00e1to kniha je nov\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Nie ka\u017ed\u00e9 slovo, ktor\u00e9 sa graficky kon\u010d\u00ed na \u3044, patr\u00ed do tejto skupiny. <strong>\u304d\u308c\u3044<\/strong> (<em>kirei<\/em>, kr\u00e1sny alebo \u010dist\u00fd) a <strong>\u6709\u540d<\/strong> (<em>y\u016bmei<\/em>, sl\u00e1vny), napr\u00edklad, s\u00fa pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 \u306a. Ak m\u00e1te pochybnosti, overte si slovn\u00fd druh v slovn\u00edku a pozrite si v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho sprievodcu <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/ako-pouzivat-pridavne-mena-v-japoncine\/\">pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u0160tyri hlavn\u00e9 tvary pr\u00eddavn\u00fdch mien i<\/h2>\n\n<p>Namiesto memorovania \u201c\u0161estn\u00e1stich tvarov\u201d za\u010dnite kr\u00ed\u017een\u00edm dvoch mo\u017enost\u00ed: <strong>nie minul\u00fd alebo minul\u00fd<\/strong> e <strong>kladn\u00fd alebo z\u00e1porn\u00fd<\/strong>. Zdvoril\u00fd tvar mo\u017eno prida\u0165 nesk\u00f4r.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Funkcia<\/th><th>Jednoduch\u00fd tvar<\/th><th>\u010cast\u00fd zdvoril\u00fd tvar<\/th><th>Pr\u00edklad s \u9ad8\u3044<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Nie minul\u00fd kladn\u00fd<\/td><td>\uff5e\u3044<\/td><td>\uff5e\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/td><td>\u9ad8\u3044\uff0f\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Nie minul\u00fd z\u00e1porn\u00fd<\/td><td>\uff5e\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\uff5e\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\uff0f\uff5e\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/td><td>\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044\uff0f\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Minulos\u0165 kladn\u00e1<\/td><td>\uff5e\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\uff5e\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/td><td>\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff0f\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Negat\u00edvna minulos\u0165<\/td><td>\uff5e\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\uff5e\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\uff0f\uff5e\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/td><td>\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff0f\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Tabu\u013eka formovania jednoduch\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu a zdvoril\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu v <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/pre-intermediate\/pdf\/ZZ_L09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori od Japan Foundation<\/a> zaznamen\u00e1va tieto \u0161tyri opoz\u00edcie. \u00davodn\u00fd materi\u00e1l tie\u017e predstavuje <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/starter\/pdf\/X_L07.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\uff5e\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059 a alternat\u00edvu \uff5e\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads10-->\n\n<h2>Ako vytvori\u0165 z\u00e1por a minul\u00fd \u010das<\/h2>\n\n<h3>Z\u00e1por: vyme\u0148te \u3044 za \u304f\u306a\u3044<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u9ad8\u3044 \u2192 \u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/strong><br \/>\u305f\u304b\u3044 \u2192 \u305f\u304b\u304f\u306a\u3044<br \/><em>Takai \u2192 takakunai<\/em><br \/>Je drah\u00e9\/vysok\u00e9 \u2192 Nie je drah\u00e9\/vysok\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u3053\u306e\u5e97\u306f\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3053\u306e \u307f\u305b\u306f \u305f\u304b\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Kono mise wa takakunai desu.<\/em><br \/>Tento obchod nie je drah\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Minul\u00fd \u010das kladn\u00fd: vyme\u0148te \u3044 za \u304b\u3063\u305f<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u3044 \u2192 \u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong><br \/><em>Omoshiroi \u2192 omoshirokatta<\/em><br \/>Je zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 \u2192 Bolo zauj\u00edmav\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u6620\u753b\u306f\u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3048\u3044\u304c\u306f \u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Eiga wa omoshirokatta desu.<\/em><br \/>Film bol zauj\u00edmav\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Minul\u00fd \u010das z\u00e1porn\u00fd: vyme\u0148te \u3044 za \u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u5fd9\u3057\u3044 \u2192 \u5fd9\u3057\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong><br \/>\u3044\u305d\u304c\u3057\u3044 \u2192 \u3044\u305d\u304c\u3057\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<br \/><em>Isogashii \u2192 isogashikunakatta<\/em><br \/>Je zanepr\u00e1zdnen\u00fd \u2192 Nebol zanepr\u00e1zdnen\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u6628\u65e5\u306f\u5fd9\u3057\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u304d\u306e\u3046\u306f \u3044\u305d\u304c\u3057\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Kin\u014d wa isogashikunakatta desu.<\/em><br \/>V\u010dera som nebol zanepr\u00e1zdnen\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n<p>V\u0161imnite si, \u017ee <strong>\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/strong> e <strong>\u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u3044\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/strong> nie s\u00fa be\u017en\u00e9 tvary minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu. Minul\u00fd \u010das sa objavuje v pr\u00eddavnom mene: <strong>\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/strong> e <strong>\u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/strong>. Ak chcete zopakova\u0165 \u00falohu \u3067\u3059 bez toho, aby ste ho pova\u017eovali za dokonal\u00fd ekvivalent \u201cby\u0165\u201d, pozrite si \u010dl\u00e1nok o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/desu-sloveso-byt-v-japoncine\/\">\u3067\u3059 v japon\u010dine<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>V\u00fdnimka \u3044\u3044: pou\u017eite z\u00e1klad \u3088 pri oh\u00fdban\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>\u3044\u3044<\/strong> znamen\u00e1 \u201cdobr\u00fd\u201d a poch\u00e1dza z <strong>\u3088\u3044<\/strong>. V z\u00e1kladnom tvare je \u3044\u3044 ve\u013emi be\u017en\u00e9; v ostatn\u00fdch tvaroch pou\u017eite z\u00e1klad <strong>\u3088<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Funkcia<\/th><th>Spr\u00e1vny tvar<\/th><th>Tvar, ktor\u00e9mu sa vyhn\u00fa\u0165<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Nie minul\u00fd kladn\u00fd<\/td><td>\u3044\u3044\uff0f\u3088\u3044<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Nie minul\u00fd z\u00e1porn\u00fd<\/td><td>\u3088\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u3044\u3044\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Minulos\u0165 kladn\u00e1<\/td><td>\u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\u3044\u3044\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Negat\u00edvna minulos\u0165<\/td><td>\u3088\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\u3044\u3044\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Materi\u00e1l Japan Foundation o dojmoch v minulosti zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje, \u017ee <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/starter\/pdf\/X_L17.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u3044\u3044 tvor\u00ed minul\u00fd \u010das ako \u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/a>. Rovnak\u00fd vzor plat\u00ed pre zlo\u017eeniny kon\u010diace na \u3044\u3044, ako <strong>\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3044\u3044 \u2192 \u304b\u3063\u3053\u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Ako sp\u00e1ja\u0165 pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 a vyjadri\u0165 zmenu<\/h2>\n\n<h3>Pou\u017eite \uff5e\u304f\u3066 na spojenie vlastnost\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n<p>Nahra\u010fte koncov\u00e9 \u3044 za <strong>\u304f\u3066<\/strong> na spojenie pr\u00eddavn\u00e9ho mena \u3044 s pokra\u010dovan\u00edm vety:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u3053\u306e\u90e8\u5c4b\u306f\u5e83\u304f\u3066\u3001\u660e\u308b\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3053\u306e \u3078\u3084\u306f \u3072\u308d\u304f\u3066\u3001\u3042\u304b\u308b\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Kono heya wa hirokute, akarui desu.<\/em><br \/>T\u00e1to izba je priestrann\u00e1 a svetl\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L05.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japan Foundation predstavuje \uff5e\u304f\u3066 ako sp\u00f4sob sp\u00e1jania pr\u00eddavn\u00fdch mien \u3044<\/a>. V z\u00e1vislosti od kontextu m\u00f4\u017ee prv\u00e1 vlastnos\u0165 fungova\u0165 aj ako pr\u00ed\u010dina alebo vysvetlenie druhej \u010dasti.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Pou\u017eite \uff5e\u304f\u306a\u308b na vyjadrenie \u201csta\u0165 sa\u201d alebo \u201czmeni\u0165 sa\u201d<\/h3>\n\n<p>S <strong>\u306a\u308b<\/strong>, forma s \uff5e\u304f vyjadruje zmenu:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u3060\u3093\u3060\u3093\u5bd2\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3060\u3093\u3060\u3093 \u3055\u3080\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Dandan samuku narimashita.<\/em><br \/>Postupne sa ochladzovalo.<\/p>\n\n<p>Vzor <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L03.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 meno \u3044 bez koncov\u00e9ho \u3044 + \u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/a> pou\u017e\u00edva Irodori na opis zmien po\u010dasia. Rovnak\u00fd z\u00e1klad s \uff5e\u304f m\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e modifikova\u0165 \u010dinnos\u0165: <strong>\u540d\u524d\u3092\u5927\u304d\u304f\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/strong> (<em>Namae o \u014dkiku kaite kudasai<\/em>) znamen\u00e1 \u201cNap\u00ed\u0161te meno ve\u013ek\u00fdm p\u00edsmom, pros\u00edm\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Z\u00e1sadn\u00fd rozdiel medzi pr\u00eddavn\u00fdmi menami i a na<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pred podstatn\u00fdmi menami si pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 meno \u3044 zachov\u00e1va \u3044: <strong>\u9759\u304b\u306a\u90e8\u5c4b<\/strong> je \u201ctich\u00e1 izba\u201d s pr\u00eddavn\u00fdm menom \u306a, zatia\u013e \u010do <strong>\u5e83\u3044\u90e8\u5c4b<\/strong> je \u201cpriestrann\u00e1 izba\u201d s pr\u00eddavn\u00fdm menom \u3044. V pr\u00edsudku a pri oh\u00fdban\u00ed sa ka\u017ed\u00e1 skupina riadi vlastn\u00fdm vzorom.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Pou\u017eitie<\/th><th>Adjekt\u00edvum \u3044<\/th><th>Adjekt\u00edvum \u306a<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Pred podstatn\u00fdm menom<\/td><td>\u9ad8\u3044\u5e97<\/td><td>\u9759\u304b\u306a\u5e97<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Zdvoril\u00fd pr\u00edsudok<\/td><td>\u5e97\u306f\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/td><td>\u5e97\u306f\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3059<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Jednoduch\u00fd z\u00e1por<\/td><td>\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nok o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/pridavne-mena-v-japoncine\/\">pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 \u306a v japon\u010dine<\/a> bude \u010fal\u0161\u00edm preh\u013aben\u00edm klastra. Na zostavenie \u00fapln\u00fdch viet s t\u00fdmito tvarmi pou\u017eite aj met\u00f3du <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/ako-tvorit-vety-v-japoncine\/\">tvorby japonsk\u00fdch viet<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u010cast\u00e9 chyby s pr\u00eddavn\u00fdmi menami i<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Naz\u00fdva\u0165 tvar v \uff5e\u3044 infinit\u00edvom:<\/strong> \u201cz\u00e1kladn\u00fd tvar\u201d alebo \u201cnez\u00e1porn\u00fd minul\u00fd tvar\u201d je presnej\u0161ie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pova\u017eova\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00e9 slovo kon\u010diace na \u3044 za pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 meno \u3044:<\/strong> \u304d\u308c\u3044 a \u6709\u540d s\u00fa pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 \u306a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tvori\u0165 minul\u00fd \u010das pomocou \u3067\u3057\u305f:<\/strong> pou\u017eite \u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059, nie \u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3057\u305f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Oh\u00fdba\u0165 \u3044\u3044 ako be\u017en\u00e9 pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 meno:<\/strong> pou\u017eite \u3088\u304f\u306a\u3044, \u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f a \u3088\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 \u3044 pred podstatn\u00fdm menom:<\/strong> povedzte \u65b0\u3057\u3044\u672c, nie \u65b0\u3057\u672c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Kr\u00e1tky dial\u00f3g<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> \u305d\u306e\u5e97\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002<br \/>\u305d\u306e \u307f\u305b\u306f \u3069\u3046\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002<br \/><em>Sono mise wa d\u014d deshita ka?<\/em><br \/>Como era o restaurante?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> \u6599\u7406\u306f\u304a\u3044\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u5e97\u306f\u3042\u307e\u308a\u5e83\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\u308a\u3087\u3046\u308a\u306f \u304a\u3044\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u307f\u305b\u306f \u3042\u307e\u308a \u3072\u308d\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Ry\u014dri wa oishikatta desu. Demo, mise wa amari hirokunakatta desu.<\/em><br \/>A comida estava gostosa. Mas o restaurante n\u00e3o era muito espa\u00e7oso.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> \u5024\u6bb5\u306f\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<br \/>\u306d\u3060\u3093\u306f \u305f\u304b\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<br \/><em>Nedan wa takakatta desu ka?<\/em><br \/>O pre\u00e7o era alto?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> \u3044\u3044\u3048\u3001\u5b89\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\u3044\u3044\u3048\u3001\u3084\u3059\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Iie, yasukatta desu.<\/em><br \/>N\u00e3o, era barato.<\/p>\n\n<p>O di\u00e1logo combina passado afirmativo e passado negativo sem deslocar a flex\u00e3o para \u3067\u3059. Se a ordem dos elementos ainda causar d\u00favida, revise os <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/zakladna-japonska-gramatika\/\">z\u00e1klady japonskej gramatiky<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Komentovan\u00e9 cvi\u010denie<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u9ad8\u3044<\/strong> no n\u00e3o passado negativo: <strong>\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u697d\u3057\u3044<\/strong> no passado afirmativo: <strong>\u697d\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5fd9\u3057\u3044<\/strong> no passado negativo: <strong>\u5fd9\u3057\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3044\u3044<\/strong> no passado afirmativo: <strong>\u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Una <strong>\u5e83\u3044<\/strong> e <strong>\u660e\u308b\u3044<\/strong>: <strong>\u5e83\u304f\u3066\u3001\u660e\u308b\u3044<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>A regra mental \u00e9 simples: preserve o \u3044 na forma b\u00e1sica e antes de substantivos; para transformar o adjetivo, substitua esse \u3044 por <strong>\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/strong>, <strong>\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong>, <strong>\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong> alebo <strong>\u304f\u3066<\/strong>. Depois, confirme se a palavra \u00e9 realmente um adjetivo \u3044 e lembre-se da base \u3088 de \u3044\u3044.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-8d459e5d628cf\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Je ka\u017ed\u00e9 pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 meno kon\u010diace na \u3044 pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 meno i?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Nie. Grafick\u00e1 koncovka pom\u00e1ha, ale slov\u00e1 ako \u304d\u308c\u3044 a \u6709\u540d patria do skupiny pr\u00eddavn\u00fdch mien \u306a. Ak m\u00e1te pochybnosti, overte si slovn\u00fd druh v slovn\u00edku a v\u0161imnite si, ako sa slovo objavuje pred podstatn\u00fdm menom.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-4d0fc479976a4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Ako da sa pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 meno i v z\u00e1pornej forme?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Odstr\u00e1\u0148te koncovku \u3044 a pridajte \u304f\u306a\u3044. \u9ad8\u3044 sa zmen\u00ed na \u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044; v zdvorilej forme pou\u017eite \u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059 alebo \u9ad8\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-48f66699a17eb\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Ako da\u0165 pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 meno i do minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Odstr\u00e1\u0148te koncov\u00e9 \u3044 a pridajte \u304b\u3063\u305f: \u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u3044 sa zmen\u00ed na \u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u304b\u3063\u305f. V zdvorilej forme povedzte \u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059, nie \u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u3044\u3067\u3057\u305f.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-d880f76950411\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Ak\u00fd je rozdiel medzi pr\u00eddavn\u00fdmi menami i a na?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Adjekt\u00edva \u3044 si zachov\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u3044 pred podstatn\u00fdm menom a oh\u00fdbaj\u00fa sa do tvarov ako \u304f\u306a\u3044 a \u304b\u3063\u305f. Adjekt\u00edva \u306a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u306a pred podstatn\u00fdm menom a v pr\u00edsudku sa riadia in\u00fdm vzorom, napr\u00edklad \u9759\u304b\u3067\u3059 a \u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-f8d466f77fff5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Pre\u010do sa \u3044\u3044 men\u00ed na \u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3044\u3044 si zachov\u00e1va historick\u00fd z\u00e1klad spojen\u00fd s \u3088\u3044. Preto jeho odvoden\u00e9 tvary pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u3088: \u3088\u304f\u306a\u3044, \u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f a \u3088\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f. Zlo\u017eeniny ako \u304b\u3063\u3053\u3044\u3044 sa riadia rovnak\u00fdm vzorom.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nau\u010dte sa identifikova\u0165 a sklo\u0148ova\u0165 pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 i v japon\u010dine v z\u00e1pornej a minulej forme, pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 \u3067\u3059 a pochopi\u0165 v\u00fdnimku \u3044\u3044.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1708,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[76,49,70],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1706","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-adjetivos-japoneses","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1706","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1706"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1706\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4411,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1706\/revisions\/4411"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1708"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1706"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1706"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1706"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}