{"id":1713,"date":"2009-11-03T05:14:28","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T07:14:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1713"},"modified":"2026-08-10T23:35:05","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T02:35:05","slug":"pridavne-mena-v-japoncine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/adjetivos-na-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 na v japon\u010dine: tvary, pou\u017eitie a pr\u00edklady"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Str\u00e1nka <strong>adjekt\u00edva na v japon\u010dine<\/strong>, tie\u017e naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 <strong>pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 \u306a<\/strong>, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa <strong>\u306a<\/strong> ke\u010f priamo modifikuj\u00fa podstatn\u00e9 meno v afirmat\u00edvnom nepr\u00edtomnom \u010dase: <strong>\u9759\u304b\u306a\u753a<\/strong> (<em>shizuka na machi<\/em>), \u201cpokojn\u00e9 mesto\u201d. Na konci vety sa v\u0161ak vzor men\u00ed: <strong>\u753a\u306f\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3059<\/strong> (<em>Machi wa shizuka desu<\/em>), \u201cMesto je pokojn\u00e9\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<p>Hlavn\u00fdm pravidlom je nepova\u017eova\u0165 <strong>\u306a<\/strong> za pevn\u00e9 zakon\u010denie slova. Vyskytuje sa v \u0161pecifickej funkcii. Pre neg\u00e1ciu, minul\u00fd \u010das, sp\u00e1janie vlastnost\u00ed alebo vyjadrenie zmeny sa \u306a adjekt\u00edva riadia in\u00fdmi vzormi.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u010co s\u00fa pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine?<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u306a adjekt\u00edva opisuj\u00fa vlastnosti, stavy, preferencie a hodnotenia. Niektor\u00e9 \u010dast\u00e9 pr\u00edklady s\u00fa <strong>\u9759\u304b<\/strong> (<em>shizuka<\/em>, pokojn\u00fd), <strong>\u4fbf\u5229<\/strong> (<em>benri<\/em>, praktick\u00fd alebo pohodln\u00fd), <strong>\u6709\u540d<\/strong> (<em>y\u016bmei<\/em>, sl\u00e1vny), <strong>\u304d\u308c\u3044<\/strong> (<em>kirei<\/em>, kr\u00e1sny alebo \u010dist\u00fd) a <strong>\u597d\u304d<\/strong> (<em>suki<\/em>, ktor\u00fd sa p\u00e1\u010di).<\/p>\n\n<p>N\u00e1zov \u201c\u306a adjekt\u00edvum\u201d poch\u00e1dza zo vzoru pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho pred podstatn\u00fdm menom: <strong>\u9759\u304b\u306a\u90e8\u5c4b<\/strong> (<em>shizuka na heya<\/em>), \u201cpokojn\u00e1 izba\u201d. To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee slovn\u00edkov\u00e1 forma je <strong>\u9759\u304b\u306a<\/strong> ani \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00fdskyt vy\u017eaduje \u306a.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tie\u017e nie je bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 klasifikova\u0165 slovo pod\u013ea posledn\u00e9ho p\u00edsmena. <strong>\u304d\u308c\u3044<\/strong> vizu\u00e1lne kon\u010d\u00ed na \u3044, ale patr\u00ed do skupiny \u306a: povedzte <strong>\u304d\u308c\u3044\u306a\u516c\u5712<\/strong>, nie <strong>\u304d\u308c\u3044\u3044\u516c\u5712<\/strong>. V\u0161eobecn\u00fd sprievodca <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/ako-pouzivat-pridavne-mena-v-japoncine\/\">pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine<\/a> porovn\u00e1va tieto dve triedy, zatia\u013e \u010do \u010dl\u00e1nok o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/i-pridavne-mena-v-japoncine\/\">pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 \u3044<\/a> prehlbuje druh\u00fd vzor.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u010cast\u00e9 pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 na u\u010denie sa s triedou<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zapam\u00e4tajte si ka\u017ed\u00e9 slovo spolu so vzorom pou\u017eit\u00fdm pred podstatn\u00fdm menom. To je spo\u013eahlivej\u0161ie ako sna\u017ei\u0165 sa uh\u00e1dnu\u0165 triedu pod\u013ea p\u00edsania.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Slovo<\/th><th>\u010c\u00edtanie<\/th><th>Zdrav\u00fd rozum<\/th><th>S podstatn\u00fdm menom<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\u9759\u304b<\/td><td><em>shizuka<\/em><\/td><td>tich\u00fd; pokojn\u00fd<\/td><td>\u9759\u304b\u306a\u5834\u6240<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u4fbf\u5229<\/td><td><em>benri<\/em><\/td><td>praktick\u00fd; pohodln\u00fd<\/td><td>\u4fbf\u5229\u306a\u9053\u5177<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5143\u6c17<\/td><td><em>genki<\/em><\/td><td>zdrav\u00fd; ochotn\u00fd<\/td><td>\u5143\u6c17\u306a\u5b50\u3069\u3082<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5927\u5207<\/td><td><em>taisetsu<\/em><\/td><td>d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd; vz\u00e1cny<\/td><td>\u5927\u5207\u306a\u672c<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u7c21\u5358<\/td><td><em>kantan<\/em><\/td><td>jednoduch\u00fd; \u013eahk\u00fd<\/td><td>\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u554f\u984c<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u304d\u308c\u3044<\/td><td><em>kirei<\/em><\/td><td>pekn\u00fd; \u010dist\u00fd<\/td><td>\u304d\u308c\u3044\u306a\u90e8\u5c4b<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u597d\u304d<\/td><td><em>suki<\/em><\/td><td>ktor\u00fd sa p\u00e1\u010di; ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fd<\/td><td>\u597d\u304d\u306a\u97f3\u697d<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p><strong>\u597d\u304d<\/strong> si zasl\u00fa\u017ei pozornos\u0165, preto\u017ee zvy\u010dajne zodpoved\u00e1 \u201cgostar\u201d v preklade, ale nefunguje ako sloveso. V <strong>\u79c1\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059<\/strong> (<em>Watashi wa Nihongo ga suki desu<\/em>), kon\u0161trukcia predstavuje japon\u010dinu ako to, \u010do sa m\u00e1 r\u00e1d.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Kedy pou\u017ei\u0165 \u306a a kedy nie<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pou\u017eite \u306a medzi pr\u00eddavn\u00fdm menom a podstatn\u00fdm menom v kladnom tvare nepr\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu. V zdvorilostnom pr\u00edsudku pou\u017eite pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 meno nasledovan\u00e9 \u3067\u3059, bez \u306a.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Funkcia<\/th><th>\u0160trukt\u00fara<\/th><th>Pr\u00edklad<\/th><th>Preklad<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Pred podstatn\u00fdm menom<\/td><td>\u30caA + \u306a + podstatn\u00e9 meno<\/td><td>\u4fbf\u5229\u306a\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea<\/td><td>praktick\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>V pr\u00edsudku<\/td><td>t\u00e9ma + \u306f + \u30caA + \u3067\u3059<\/td><td>\u3053\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u306f\u4fbf\u5229\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/td><td>T\u00e1to aplik\u00e1cia je praktick\u00e1.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>O <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/starter\/pdf\/X_L14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori od Japan Foundation predstavuje kontrast medzi \u30caA-\u306a N a \u30caA-\u3067\u3059<\/a>. Tento rozdiel sa vyh\u00fdba tvarom ako <strong>\u4fbf\u5229\u306a\u3067\u3059<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 mie\u0161aj\u00fa obe kon\u0161trukcie.<\/p>\n\n<p>V z\u00e1porn\u00fdch alebo minul\u00fdch tvaroch pred podstatn\u00fdm menom, \u306a tie\u017e nezost\u00e1va:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u753a<\/strong> \u2014 mesto, ktor\u00e9 nie je pokojn\u00e9;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9759\u304b\u3060\u3063\u305f\u753a<\/strong> \u2014 mesto, ktor\u00e9 bolo pokojn\u00e9;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u753a<\/strong> \u2014 mesto, ktor\u00e9 nebolo pokojn\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>\u0160tyri hlavn\u00e9 formy pr\u00eddavn\u00fdch mien v<\/h2>\n\n<p>Usporiadajte formy pod\u013ea dvoch mo\u017enost\u00ed: <strong>nie minul\u00fd alebo minul\u00fd<\/strong> e <strong>kladn\u00fd alebo z\u00e1porn\u00fd<\/strong>. Jednoduch\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl je be\u017en\u00fd v neform\u00e1lnych rozhovoroch a v gramatick\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00farach; zdvoril\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl je vhodn\u00fd do form\u00e1lnej\u0161\u00edch situ\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Hodnota<\/th><th>Jednoduch\u00fd tvar<\/th><th>\u010cast\u00e1 zdvoril\u00e1 forma<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Nie minul\u00fd kladn\u00fd<\/td><td>\u9759\u304b\u3060<\/td><td>\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3059<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Nie minul\u00fd z\u00e1porn\u00fd<\/td><td>\u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\uff0f\u9759\u304b\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Minulos\u0165 kladn\u00e1<\/td><td>\u9759\u304b\u3060\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Negat\u00edvna minulos\u0165<\/td><td>\u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\uff0f\u9759\u304b\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/a1.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/appendix_06.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">konjuga\u010dn\u00e1 tabu\u013eka Marugoto<\/a>, od Japan Foundation, zaznamen\u00e1va \u0161tyri zdvoril\u00e9 formy. Materi\u00e1l <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/starter\/pdf\/X_L17.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori o minulom \u010dase<\/a> potvrdzuje vzory ako <strong>\u304d\u308c\u3044\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/strong> e <strong>\u5927\u5909\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Ak\u00fd je rozdiel medzi \u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059 a \u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093?<\/h3>\n\n<p>Obe formy m\u00f4\u017eu vytvori\u0165 zdvoril\u00fd z\u00e1por. <strong>\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/strong> je \u010dast\u00e9 v re\u010di a v ka\u017edodenn\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch; <strong>\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/strong> je form\u00e1lnej\u0161ie. V minulom \u010dase porovnajte <strong>\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/strong> e <strong>\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/strong>. Vyberte register pod\u013ea situ\u00e1cie bez zmeny z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Namiesto toho, aby ste si mysleli, \u017ee \u3067\u3059 je jednoducho \u201csloveso by\u0165\u201d, sledujte cel\u00fa vetu. \u010cl\u00e1nok o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/desu-sloveso-byt-v-japoncine\/\">\u3067\u3059 v japon\u010dine<\/a> vysvet\u013euje podrobnej\u0161ie vz\u0165ah medzi predik\u00e1ciou, \u010dasom a zdvorilos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads10-->\n\n<h2>Ako sp\u00e1ja\u0165 pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 v s \uff5e\u3067<\/h2>\n\n<p>Na spojenie pr\u00eddavn\u00e9ho mena \u306a s inou charakteristikou alebo pokra\u010dovan\u00edm pou\u017eite <strong>\uff5e\u3067<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u3053\u306e\u753a\u306f\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3001\u4fbf\u5229\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3053\u306e \u307e\u3061\u306f \u3057\u305a\u304b\u3067\u3001\u3079\u3093\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Toto mesto je tich\u00e9 a praktick\u00e9.<\/em><br \/>Toto mesto je tich\u00e9 a praktick\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<p>O <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L05.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori u\u010d\u00ed \u30caA-\u3067 na sp\u00e1janie charakterist\u00edk<\/a>. Porovnajte so vzorom pr\u00eddavn\u00fdch mien \u3044, ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edva \uff5e\u304f\u3066. V z\u00e1vislosti od vz\u0165ahu medzi \u010das\u0165ami m\u00f4\u017ee \uff5e\u3067 tie\u017e vyjadrova\u0165 pr\u00ed\u010dinu alebo d\u00f4vod.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Ako ozna\u010di\u0165 sp\u00f4sob a zmenu pomocou \uff5e\u306b<\/h2>\n\n<p>Tvar s <strong>\uff5e\u306b<\/strong> m\u00f4\u017ee uk\u00e1za\u0165, ako sa akcia deje:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u9759\u304b\u306b\u8a71\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3057\u305a\u304b\u306b \u306f\u306a\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<br \/><em>Shizuka ni hanashite kudasai.<\/em><br \/>Hovorte potichu, pros\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n<p>S <strong>\u306a\u308b<\/strong>, vzor <strong>\u30caA + \u306b + \u306a\u308b<\/strong> ozna\u010duje zmenu stavu:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u753a\u304c\u306b\u304e\u3084\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u307e\u3061\u304c \u306b\u304e\u3084\u304b\u306b \u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Machi ga nigiyaka ni narimashita.<\/em><br \/>Mesto sa stalo ru\u0161n\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n<p>Japan Foundation zaznamen\u00e1va <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L03.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u30caA-\u306b \u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059 ako vzor zmeny<\/a>. Aby ste tieto \u0161trukt\u00fary za\u010dlenili do cel\u00fdch viet, zopakujte si met\u00f3du <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/ako-tvorit-vety-v-japoncine\/\">tvorby japonsk\u00fdch viet<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u010cast\u00e9 chyby s pr\u00eddavn\u00fdmi menami<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pridanie \u306a na koniec vety:<\/strong> povedzte <strong>\u90e8\u5c4b\u306f\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3059<\/strong>, nie <strong>\u90e8\u5c4b\u306f\u9759\u304b\u306a\u3067\u3059<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vynechanie \u306a pred podstatn\u00fdm menom:<\/strong> povedzte <strong>\u9759\u304b\u306a\u90e8\u5c4b<\/strong>, nie <strong>\u9759\u304b\u90e8\u5c4b<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Udr\u017eujte \u306a vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch form\u00e1ch:<\/strong> z\u00e1por je <strong>\u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/strong>, a minulos\u0165 je <strong>\u9759\u304b\u3060\u3063\u305f<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Triedi\u0165 iba pod\u013ea vzh\u013eadu:<\/strong> <strong>\u304d\u308c\u3044<\/strong> e <strong>\u5acc\u3044<\/strong> kon\u010dia na \u3044, ale s\u00fa to pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 \u306a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zamie\u0148a\u0165 \u3067 spojenia s \u010dasticou miesta:<\/strong> na adrese <strong>\u9759\u304b\u3067\u4fbf\u5229\u3067\u3059<\/strong>, \u3067 sp\u00e1ja dve vlastnosti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Tieto kontrasty s\u00fa jasnej\u0161ie, ke\u010f pochop\u00edte funkciu ka\u017ed\u00e9ho prvku. Ak si potrebujete zopakova\u0165 t\u00e9mu, predik\u00e1t a \u010dastice, pozrite si <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/zakladna-japonska-gramatika\/\">z\u00e1klady japonskej gramatiky<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Kr\u00e1tky dial\u00f3g s pr\u00eddavn\u00fdmi menami v<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> \u65b0\u3057\u3044\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<br \/>\u3042\u305f\u3089\u3057\u3044 \u3068\u3057\u3087\u304b\u3093\u306f \u3069\u3046\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<br \/><em>Atarashii toshokan wa d\u014d desu ka?<\/em><br \/>Ak\u00e1 je nov\u00e1 kni\u017enica?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> \u9759\u304b\u3067\u3001\u304d\u308c\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u4fbf\u5229\u3067\u3059\u3088\u3002<br \/>\u3057\u305a\u304b\u3067\u3001\u304d\u308c\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046\u306b \u3079\u3093\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3088\u3002<br \/><em>Shizuka de, kirei desu. Benky\u014d ni benri desu yo.<\/em><br \/>Je tich\u00e1 a pekn\u00e1. Je praktick\u00e1 na \u0161t\u00fadium.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> \u524d\u306e\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3082\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002<br \/>\u307e\u3048\u306e \u3068\u3057\u3087\u304b\u3093\u3082 \u3057\u305a\u304b\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002<br \/><em>Mae no toshokan mo shizuka deshita ka?<\/em><br \/>Bola aj predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faca kni\u017enica tich\u00e1?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> \u3044\u3044\u3048\u3001\u3042\u307e\u308a\u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\u3044\u3044\u3048\u3001\u3042\u307e\u308a \u3057\u305a\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Iie, amari shizuka janakatta desu.<\/em><br \/>Nie, nebola ve\u013emi tich\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Komentovan\u00e9 cvi\u010denie<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li>Dopl\u0148te \u201csl\u00e1vnu osobu\u201d: <strong>\u6709\u540d\u306a\u4eba<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Passe <strong>\u4fbf\u5229\u3067\u3059<\/strong> do jednoduch\u00e9ho z\u00e1poru: <strong>\u4fbf\u5229\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Passe <strong>\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3059<\/strong> do zdvoril\u00e9ho minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu: <strong>\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Una <strong>\u304d\u308c\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/strong> e <strong>\u4fbf\u5229\u3067\u3059<\/strong>: <strong>\u304d\u308c\u3044\u3067\u3001\u4fbf\u5229\u3067\u3059<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Vyjadrite \u201cstal sa sl\u00e1vnym\u201d: <strong>\u6709\u540d\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>Pravidlo r\u00fdchlej kontroly je: pou\u017eite <strong>\u306a<\/strong> iba pred podstatn\u00fdm menom v kladnom nepr\u00edtomnom \u010dase; pou\u017eite <strong>\u3060\uff0f\u3067\u3059<\/strong> v pr\u00edsudku, <strong>\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/strong> v z\u00e1pore, <strong>\u3060\u3063\u305f\uff0f\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/strong> v minulom \u010dase, <strong>\u3067<\/strong> na spojenie a <strong>\u306b<\/strong> pred \u306a\u308b alebo na modifik\u00e1ciu \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-a541cd3bed5f7\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u010co s\u00fa pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>S\u00fa to slov\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 opisuj\u00fa vlastnosti, stavy alebo hodnotenia a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u306a pred podstatn\u00fdm menom v kladnom nepr\u00edtomnom \u010dase, ako \u9759\u304b\u306a\u753a. V zdvorilostnom pr\u00edsudku sa objavuj\u00fa bez \u306a, ako \u753a\u306f\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-71a74732ad731\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Kedy m\u00e1m pou\u017ei\u0165 \u306a po pr\u00eddavnom mene?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Pou\u017eite \u306a, ke\u010f pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 meno priamo modifikuje podstatn\u00e9 meno v kladnom nepr\u00edtomnom tvare: \u4fbf\u5229\u306a\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea. Nepou\u017e\u00edvajte \u306a pred \u3067\u3059 a nezachov\u00e1vajte ho automaticky v z\u00e1pore ani v minulom \u010dase.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-f8369f77c5a8b\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Ako da\u0165 pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 meno do z\u00e1pornej formy?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>V jednoduchom tvare sa pou\u017e\u00edva \u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044, ako \u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044. V zdvorilom \u0161t\u00fdle s\u00fa \u010dast\u00e9 \u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059 a form\u00e1lnej\u0161ia alternat\u00edva \u9759\u304b\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-af186608aca01\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Ako da\u0165 pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 meno do minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>V jednoduchom kladnom tvare pou\u017eite \u3060\u3063\u305f: \u9759\u304b\u3060\u3063\u305f. V zdvorilom tvare pou\u017eite \u3067\u3057\u305f: \u9759\u304b\u3067\u3057\u305f. Minul\u00fd \u010das z\u00e1porn\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f alebo \u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-c2301599630ce\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Ak\u00fd je rozdiel medzi pr\u00eddavn\u00fdmi menami i a na?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Adjekt\u00edva \u3044 si zachov\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u3044 pred podstatn\u00fdm menom a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa tvary ako \u304f\u306a\u3044 a \u304b\u3063\u305f. Adjekt\u00edva \u306a dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u306a pred podstatn\u00fdm menom a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa vzory ako \u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044, \u3060\u3063\u305f, \u3067 a \u306b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nau\u010dte sa rozpozn\u00e1va\u0165 a pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 na v japon\u010dine, tvori\u0165 z\u00e1por a minul\u00fd \u010das, sp\u00e1ja\u0165 s \u3067 a ozna\u010dova\u0165 zmenu s \u306b.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1714,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[76,49,70],"tags":[69,27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1713","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-adjetivos-japoneses","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1713","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1713"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1713\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4413,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1713\/revisions\/4413"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1714"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1713"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1713"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1713"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}