{"id":1729,"date":"2009-11-15T09:19:47","date_gmt":"2009-11-15T11:19:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1729"},"modified":"2018-03-15T01:12:03","modified_gmt":"2018-03-15T04:12:03","slug":"zakladne-castice-v-japoncine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/particulas-basicas-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 \u010dastice v japon\u010dine"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"42f50e0ef69d15b5aee26f1ed3eeb18c\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Zistite a nau\u010dte sa viac o\u00a0<strong>z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 \u010dastice v japon\u010dine<\/strong>!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u010castice s\u00fa <span style=\"color: #000000\">mal\u00e9<\/span> gramatick\u00e9 prvky, ktor\u00e9 sa zvy\u010dajne p\u00ed\u0161u pomocou jednej slabiky\u00a0<a title=\"Japonsk\u00e1 abeceda hiragana a katakana\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/abeceda-japoncina-hiragana-e-katakana\/\">Japonsk\u00e1 abeceda v hiragane<\/a>a nemaj\u00fa konkr\u00e9tny preklad.<\/p>\n<p>Funkcia \u010dast\u00edc v japon\u010dine je \u010disto gramatick\u00e1, sl\u00fa\u017ei ako zna\u010dka na ur\u010denie funkcie slov v texte alebo vete.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/\">Japonsk\u00fd jazyk<\/a>. Bez \u010dast\u00edc by nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 porozumie\u0165 \u017eiadnej vete v japon\u010dine.<\/p>\n<p>V dne\u0161nom \u010dl\u00e1nku sa budem venova\u0165 najz\u00e1kladnej\u0161\u00edm \u010dasticiam v japonskom jazyku a poviem nie\u010do o ich naj\u010dastej\u0161om pou\u017eit\u00ed a v\u00fdzname. Nebojte sa, ak teraz mnoh\u00e9mu nerozumiete, ke\u010f budeme v \u0161t\u00fadiu postupova\u0165 \u010falej, v\u0161etko sa vyjasn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Napriek tomu, \u017ee bol nap\u00edsan\u00fd pomocou\u00a0<a title=\"Japonsk\u00e1 abeceda hiragana a katakana\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/abeceda-japoncina-hiragana-e-katakana\/\">Japonsk\u00e1 abeceda v hiragane<\/a>Niektor\u00e9 slabiky v tejto abecede m\u00f4\u017eu meni\u0165 v\u00fdslovnos\u0165, ke\u010f sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa ako \u010dastice. Dobr\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom s\u00fa \u010dastice\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa\">\u306f<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"o\">\u3092<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"e\">\u3078<\/acronym>. Hoci sa p\u00ed\u0161u pomocou slab\u00edk\u00a0<strong>ha<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>wo<\/strong>\u00a0e\u00a0<strong>on<\/strong>maj\u00fa v\u00fdslovnos\u0165\u00a0<strong>wa<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>o<\/strong>\u00a0e\u00a0<strong>e<\/strong>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 \u010dastice v japon\u010dine<\/h2>\n<p>Odteraz budeme komentova\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fd z <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/zakladne-castice-cast-1-%e3%81%af-a-%e3%81%8c\/\">najz\u00e1kladnej\u0161ie \u010dastice japonsk\u00e9ho jazyka<\/a>Nasleduje kr\u00e1tky zoznam naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edch \u010dast\u00edc v japon\u010dine.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u00e9ma \u010dastica<\/h3>\n<p>T\u00e9ma vety je hlavn\u00fd predmet, o ktorom hovor\u00edme, alebo nie\u010do, \u010do chceme zd\u00f4razni\u0165. T\u00e9ma sa zvy\u010dajne ozna\u010duje \u010dasticou\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa\">\u306f<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<p>Pojem t\u00e9ma je pre Braz\u00edl\u010danov ve\u013emi m\u00e4t\u00faci, preto\u017ee v portugal\u010dine neexistuje, ale nie je tak\u00fd zlo\u017eit\u00fd, ako si mnoh\u00ed myslia. Ako pr\u00edklad pou\u017eime nasleduj\u00facu vetu.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kare wa nihonjin desu - je Japonec.\"><span class=\"orange\" style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u5f7c<\/span>\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kare - ho.\">\u5f7c<\/acronym>\u00a0je hlavn\u00fd predmet vety, najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ia \u010das\u0165 vety. Je to preto, \u017ee po\u00a0<acronym title=\"kare - ho.\">\u5f7c<\/acronym>\u00a0\u010dastica\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa\">\u306f<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<p>Ak zmen\u00edme poradie slov v tej istej vete, zmen\u00edme t\u00e9mu alebo \u010das\u0165, ktorej priklad\u00e1me najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam, ale preklad sa spravidla nezmen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"nihonjin wa kare desu - je Japonec.\"><span class=\"orange\" style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u65e5\u672c\u4eba<\/span>\u306f\u5f7c\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>T\u00e9ma vety je teraz\u00a0<acronym title=\"nihonjin - japon\u010dina.\">\u65e5\u672c\u4eba<\/acronym>preto\u017ee sa objavuje pred \u010dasticou\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa\">\u306f<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<h3>Predmetn\u00e1 \u010dastica<\/h3>\n<p>\u010castice\u00a0<acronym title=\"ga\">\u304c<\/acronym>\u00a0je zna\u010dka, ktor\u00e1 ozna\u010duje, ktor\u00e9 slovo je predmetom vety. In\u00fdmi slovami, slovo, ktor\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dza pred slabikou\u00a0<acronym title=\"ga\">\u304c<\/acronym>\u00a0je ten, kto vykon\u00e1va alebo trp\u00ed \u010dinnos\u0165 slovesa. Napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"onaka ga itai desu - Bol\u00ed ma \u017eal\u00fadok (alebo ma bol\u00ed).\"><span class=\"orange\" style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u304a\u8179<\/span>\u304c\u75db\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Vo vy\u0161\u0161ie uvedenej vete\u00a0<acronym title=\"onaka - \u017eal\u00fadok.\">\u304a\u8179<\/acronym>\u00a0je predmetom vety, preto\u017ee sa nach\u00e1dza pred \u010dasticou\u00a0<acronym title=\"ga\">\u304c<\/acronym>. A ak sa pozriete pozorne, je to\u00a0<acronym title=\"onaka - \u017eal\u00fadok.\">\u304a\u8179<\/acronym>\u00a0ktor\u00e1 trp\u00ed boles\u0165ou.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Existuje ve\u013ea nejasnost\u00ed o tom, kedy pou\u017ei\u0165 \u010dasticu\u00a0<acronym title=\"ga\">\u304c<\/acronym>\u00a0alebo \u010dastice\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa\">\u306f<\/acronym>. Je to preto, \u017ee v na\u0161om materinskom jazyku neexistuje pojem t\u00e9my, a tie\u017e preto, \u017ee t\u00e9ma japonsk\u00fdch viet sa st\u00e1va predmetom viet vo vo\u013enom preklade z japon\u010diny do portugal\u010diny.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1ve v\u010faka \u017eivotu v japon\u010dine \u0161tudenti pochopia rozdiel medzi pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm t\u00fdchto dvoch \u010dast\u00edc. Bu\u010fte preto k sebe trochu trpezliv\u00ed. Spr\u00e1vne?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>Privlast\u0148ovacia \u010dastica<\/h3>\n<p>Slabiky\u00a0<acronym title=\"v\">\u306e<\/acronym>, ke\u010f sa pou\u017e\u00edva ako \u010dastica, zvy\u010dajne sp\u00e1ja dve podstatn\u00e9 men\u00e1; d\u00e1va zmysel\u00a0<em>majite\u013e<\/em>\u00a0e\u00a0<em>posadnut\u00e1 vec<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Kanojo no hon - Jej kniha\">\u5f7c\u5973<span class=\"orange\" style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u306e<\/span>\u672c\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>V uvedenom pr\u00edklade je \u010dastica\u00a0<acronym title=\"v\">\u306e<\/acronym>\u00a0nazna\u010duje, \u017ee\u00a0<acronym title=\"Kanojo - jej\">\u5f7c\u5973<\/acronym>\u00a0je vlastn\u00edkom spolo\u010dnosti\u00a0<acronym title=\"hon - kniha\">\u672c<\/acronym>. In\u00fdmi slovami, \"<em>Jej kniha<\/em>\" alebo \"<em>Kniha, ktor\u00e1 jej patr\u00ed<\/em>\". V\u0161imnite si, \u017ee slovo pred \u010dasticou\u00a0<acronym title=\"v\">\u306e<\/acronym>\u00a0je vlastn\u00edkom slova, ktor\u00e9 nasleduje za \u010dasticou.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Str\u00e1nka\u00a0<a title=\"Privlast\u0148ovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/pronomes-possessivos-em-japones\/\">privlast\u0148ovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine<\/a>\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 \u010dastice\u00a0<acronym title=\"v\">\u306e<\/acronym>\u00a0pri jeho tvoren\u00ed, pri\u010dom sa vyu\u017e\u00edva poses\u00edvna funkcia tejto \u010dastice.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>\u010castica s mnoh\u00fdmi funkciami<\/h3>\n<p>Napriek \u010dasticiam\u00a0<acronym title=\"ni\">\u306b<\/acronym>\u00a0m\u00e1 mnoho funkci\u00ed, nie je v\u0161ak potrebn\u00e9 pozna\u0165 ich v\u0161etky. Teraz sta\u010d\u00ed pozna\u0165 tri z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 funkcie \u010dastice\u00a0<acronym title=\"ni\">\u306b<\/acronym>Priamy kontakt, lokaliz\u00e1cia a nepriamy objekt.<\/p>\n<h4>Priamy kontakt<\/h4>\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edva sa na vyjadrenie toho, ke\u010f s\u00fa dve veci ve\u013emi bl\u00edzko seba a prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa do priameho kontaktu. Napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kokuban ni ji o kaku - P\u00ed\u0161em p\u00edsmen\u00e1 (slov\u00e1) na tabu\u013eu.\">\u9ed2\u677f<span class=\"orange\" style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u306b<\/span>\u5b57\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Umiestnenie<\/h3>\n<p>V tomto pr\u00edpade je \u010dastica\u00a0<acronym title=\"ni\">\u306b<\/acronym>\u00a0sa pou\u017e\u00edva spolu so slovesami, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa v\u00fdznam existencie, ako napr.\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - by\u0165 alebo existova\u0165\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - by\u0165 alebo existova\u0165\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0alebo\u00a0<acronym title=\"sumu - \u017ei\u0165\">\u4f4f\u3080<\/acronym>. \u010castice\u00a0<acronym title=\"ni\">\u306b<\/acronym>\u00a0ozna\u010duje miesto, kde sa nie\u010do nach\u00e1dza alebo jednoducho \u017eije.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"koko ni inu ga iru - Je tu pes.\">\u3053\u3053<span class=\"orange\" style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u306b<\/span>\u72ac\u304c\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h4>Nepriamy objekt<\/h4>\n<p>Nepriamy predmet vety sa zvy\u010dajne ozna\u010duje \u010dasticou\u00a0<acronym title=\"ni\">\u306b<\/acronym>V japonsk\u00fdch vet\u00e1ch je to zvy\u010dajne nepriamy predmet, ktor\u00fd ovplyv\u0148uje dej. Pozrite sa na nasleduj\u00facu vetu:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"tarou ni bideo o ageru - Dal som video Tarou.\">\u592a\u90ce<span class=\"orange\" style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u306b<\/span>\u30d3\u30c7\u30aa\u3092\u3042\u3052\u308b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Ako\u00a0<acronym title=\"Tarou.\">\u592a\u90ce<\/acronym>\u00a0je vlastn\u00e9 meno, za ktor\u00fdm nasleduje \u010dastica\u00a0<acronym title=\"ni\">\u306b<\/acronym>Ch\u00e1peme, \u017ee je to ten, kto prij\u00edma video a trp\u00ed n\u00e1sledkami p\u00f4sobenia slovesa.<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u010castice lokaliz\u00e1cie a in\u0161trumentality<\/h3>\n<p>\u010castice\u00a0<acronym title=\"z\">\u3067<\/acronym>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sa zameriame na dve z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 funkcie: miesto, kde sa dej odohr\u00e1va, a in\u0161trument\u00e1l.<\/p>\n<h4>Miesto, kde sa akcia uskuto\u010d\u0148uje<\/h4>\n<p>Ke\u010f sa \u010dastica\u00a0<acronym title=\"z\">\u3067<\/acronym>\u00a0sa pou\u017e\u00edva v spojen\u00ed so slovom \"miesto\" na ozna\u010denie toho, \u010do sa deje na mieste uvedenom vo vete. Napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"gakou de benkyousuru - \u0160t\u00fadium v \u0161kole.\">\u5b66\u6821\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h4>In\u0161trument\u00e1rium<\/h4>\n<p>V tak\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch sa \u010dastica\u00a0<acronym title=\"z\">\u3067<\/acronym>\u00a0sl\u00fa\u017ei na informovanie o tom, \u017ee \u010dinnos\u0165 ozna\u010den\u00e1 slovesom sa vykon\u00e1 pomocou n\u00e1stroja alebo pom\u00f4cky. Napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"fooku de tabemashou - Jedzme vidli\u010dkou.\">\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30af\u3067\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"densha de iku - Idem vlakom.\">\u96fb\u8eca\u3067\u884c\u304f\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>\u010castice na ozna\u010denie smeru<\/h3>\n<p>\u010castice\u00a0<acronym title=\"e\">\u3078<\/acronym>\u00a0zvy\u010dajne ozna\u010duje smer deja a \u010dasto sa pou\u017e\u00edva so slovesami.\u00a0<acronym title=\"kuru - \u00eds\u0165\">\u884c\u304f,\u00a0<\/acronym><acronym title=\"kuru - pr\u00eds\u0165\"><\/acronym>\u6765\u308b a\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaeru - n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308b<\/acronym>; ako aj nieko\u013eko \u010fal\u0161\u00edch slovies.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>V\u0161imnite si, \u017ee zvuk slabiky\u00a0<acronym title=\"on\">\u3078<\/acronym>ke\u010f sa pou\u017eije ako \u010dastica, zmen\u00ed sa na\u00a0<strong>e<\/strong>\u00a0rovnako ako slabika\u00a0<acronym title=\"ha\">\u306f<\/acronym>\u00a0zmeny na\u00a0<strong>wa<\/strong>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"wo\">\u3092<\/acronym>\u00a0zmeny na\u00a0<strong>o<\/strong>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><acronym title=\"nihon e iku - Idem do Japonska.\">\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304f\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Priamy objekt \u010dastica<\/h3>\n<p>\u010castice\u00a0<acronym title=\"o\">\u3092<\/acronym>\u00a0sa pou\u017e\u00edva na ozna\u010denie priameho predmetu vety, teda toho, ktor\u00fd trp\u00ed dejom slovesa. V nasleduj\u00facej vete,\u00a0<acronym title=\"ringo - jablko\">\u308a\u3093\u3054<\/acronym>\u00a0je ten, kto trp\u00ed akciou\u00a0<acronym title=\"taberu - jes\u0165\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/acronym>tak\u017ee by mal by\u0165 ozna\u010den\u00fd \u010dasticou\u00a0<acronym title=\"o\">\u3092<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Ringo o taberu - Jedenie jab\u013ak.\">\u308a\u3093\u3054\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"ocha o nomu - Pitie \u010daju\">\u304a\u8336\u3092\u98f2\u3080\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>\u010eal\u0161ia \u010dastica s mnoh\u00fdmi funkciami<\/h3>\n<p>Na z\u00e1ver n\u00e1\u0161ho putovania po <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/zakladne-castice-v-japoncine\/\">z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 \u010dastice japonsk\u00e9ho jazyka<\/a>spozn\u00e1me \u010dastice\u00a0<acronym title=\"na\">\u3068<\/acronym>. Hoci m\u00e1 mnoho funkci\u00ed, po\u010fme si poveda\u0165 o dvoch najz\u00e1kladnej\u0161\u00edch: Komplexn\u00e9 zoznamy a cit\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<h4>Komplexn\u00e9 zoznamy<\/h4>\n<p>Rozumej\u00fa sa komplexn\u00e9 zoznamy ako v\u00fdpis zoznamu objektov, v ktorom s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 v\u0161etky objekty. Napr\u00edklad n\u00e1kupn\u00fd zoznam je komplexn\u00fd zoznam, aj ke\u010f rozsiahly, kde m\u00e1te zoznam v\u0161etk\u00fdch vec\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa chyst\u00e1te k\u00fapi\u0165 na trhu. Tak\u00e9to zoznamy sa naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa komplexn\u00e9 zoznamy, preto\u017ee si m\u00f4\u017eete zapam\u00e4ta\u0165 v\u0161etky objekty uveden\u00e9 v zozname.<\/p>\n<p>V japon\u010dine sa komplexn\u00fd zoznam vytvor\u00ed umiestnen\u00edm \u010dastice\u00a0<acronym title=\"na\">\u3068<\/acronym>\u00a0medzi jednotliv\u00fdmi objektmi v zozname. Napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"pero, kuruma, panvica - ceruzka, auto a chlieb.\">\u30da\u30f3\u3068\u8eca\u3068\u30d1\u30f3<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>V japon\u010dine je jednoduch\u0161ie n\u00e1js\u0165 fr\u00e1zy ako \"ceruzka, pero a papier\" ne\u017e \"ceruzka, pero a papier\". Japonci vo v\u0161eobecnosti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u010dastice\u00a0<acronym title=\"na\">\u3068<\/acronym>\u00a0namiesto odde\u013eovania objektov \u010diarkami.<\/p>\n<p>Rovnak\u00e9 pou\u017eitie sa vyskytuje aj vtedy, ke\u010f s\u00fa prvkami zoznamu \u013eudia. Len\u017ee v tomto pr\u00edpade m\u00e1me pocit spolupatri\u010dnosti, toho, \u017ee sme nie\u010do robili spolu s in\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi. Napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"watashi to keiko wa nihon e iku - Ja a Keiko ideme do Japonska.\">\u79c1\u3068\u4f73\u5b50\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304f\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Citujem<\/h3>\n<p>\u010castice\u00a0<acronym title=\"na\">\u3068<\/acronym>\u00a0sa \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edva aj na vytv\u00e1ranie cit\u00e1tov alebo na vyjadrenie toho, \u010do povedali in\u00ed \u013eudia. Napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"&#039;ai shite iru&#039; to iu - Povedzte (alebo povedzte) &#039;milujem \u0165a&#039;\">\u300c\u611b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3046\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>V\u0161imnite si, \u017ee vo vy\u0161\u0161ie uvedenej vete s\u00fa symboly \"\u300c\" a \"\u300d\" pou\u017eit\u00e9 ako na\u0161e \u00favodzovky na ozna\u010denie toho, \u010do bolo povedan\u00e9. Potom \u010dastica\u00a0<acronym title=\"na\">\u3068<\/acronym>\u00a0na ozna\u010denie cit\u00e1tu, po ktorom nasleduje sloveso poveda\u0165 (<acronym title=\"iu - poveda\u0165, hovori\u0165, poveda\u0165\">\u8a00\u3046<\/acronym>).<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1ver<\/h2>\n<p>To je zatia\u013e v\u0161etko, \u010do potrebujeme vedie\u0165 o \u010dasticiach v japon\u010dine. Ide o z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 pou\u017eitia, ktor\u00e9 sa be\u017ene vyskytuj\u00fa v textoch japonsk\u00e9ho jazyka.<\/p>\n<p>\u010casom sa budeme v na\u0161om \u0161t\u00fadiu pon\u00e1ra\u0165 \u010doraz hlb\u0161ie a komentova\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie funkcie a situ\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 tu neboli spomenut\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>Cvi\u010denie p\u00edsania kand\u017ei rukou<\/h2>\n<p>Ni\u017e\u0161ie s\u00fa uveden\u00e9\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/ako-pisat-japonske-pismena-kandzi\/\">Japonsk\u00e9 ideografick\u00e9 symboly<\/a>\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00e9 v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku. V\u00fdber po\u017eadovan\u00fdch kand\u017ei skop\u00edrujte a vlo\u017ete ich do\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/in\/imprimir-para-treinar-kanas-e-kanjis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pracovn\u00fd list na precvi\u010dovanie k\u00e1n a kand\u017ei<\/a>\u00a0otvor\u00ed sa nov\u00e9 okno, v ktorom si m\u00f4\u017eete prezrie\u0165 s\u00fabor na vytla\u010denie a precvi\u010di\u0165 si japonsk\u00fa kaligrafiu zakryt\u00edm siv\u00fdch symbolov a potom sa pok\u00fasi\u0165 p\u00edsa\u0165 sami. Sta\u010d\u00ed vytla\u010di\u0165 a cvi\u010di\u0165.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 231px\" border=\"0\" width=\"565\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5f7c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5973<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u884c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u79c1<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u4eba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u65e5<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u672c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8179<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u75db<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u9ed2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u677f<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5b57<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u66f8<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u4f4f<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u72ac<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u592a<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u90ce<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u753b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u7a3f<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u52c9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5f37<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u98df<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u96fb<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8eca<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6765<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5e30<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8336<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u98f2<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u4f73<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5b50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u611b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8a00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Spoznajte a nau\u010dte sa viac o z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch \u010dasticiach v japon\u010dine! \u010castice s\u00fa mal\u00e9 gramatick\u00e9 prvky, ktor\u00e9 sa zvy\u010dajne p\u00ed\u0161u jednou slabikou japonskej abecedy hiragana a nemaj\u00fa \u0161pecifick\u00fd preklad. Funkcia \u010dast\u00edc<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1733,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,74],"tags":[69,27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1729","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-particulas-em-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/particulas-basicas-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2447,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/como-formar-frases-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1729,"position":0},"title":"Ako tvori\u0165 vety v japon\u010dine","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"11 de okt\u00f3ber de 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda agora a\u00a0como formar frases em japon\u00eas! 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Como j\u00e1 estudamos\u00a0a ordem das palavras nas frases em japon\u00eas, sabemos que elas possuem uma organiza\u00e7\u00e3o inversa das palavras na l\u00edngua portuguesa. Nas frases em japon\u00eas, geralmente a ordem das palavras \u00e9\u00a0sujeito\u00a0+\u00a0objeto\u00a0(predicado ou resto da frase) +\u00a0verbo. Para ficar mais\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"O sujeito das frases em japon\u00eas - part\u00edcula WA ","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/ha-150x150.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1735,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/particulas-para-final-de-frases-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1729,"position":2},"title":"\u010castice na konci vety v japon\u010dine","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Saiba mais sobre as\u00a0Part\u00edculas para o final de frases em japon\u00eas! Eu estava estudando a finaliza\u00e7\u00e3o de frases em japon\u00eas usando part\u00edculas e descobri algumas part\u00edculas b\u00e1sicas e bem interessantes. Part\u00edculas para o final de frases em japon\u00eas Apesar de possu\u00edrem significados semelhantes, essas part\u00edculas japonesas possuem caracter\u00edsticas bem particulares.\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Part\u00edculas para o final de frases em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/particulas-para-final-de-frases-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1637,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/gramatica-japonesa-fundamental\/","url_meta":{"origin":1729,"position":3},"title":"Z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 japonsk\u00e1 gramatika","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"7 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda mais sobre a\u00a0gram\u00e1tica japonesa fundamental para voc\u00ea estudante de nihongo! No artigo de hoje, vamos entender alguns dos fundamentos da l\u00edngua japonesa, compreendendo a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de frases simples. Gram\u00e1tica japonesa fundamental O conte\u00fado de hoje tamb\u00e9m ajudar\u00e1 a entender melhor tudo o que j\u00e1 aprendemos nos artigos anteriores. Apesar\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"estudando japones","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/estudando_japones.jpg?fit=450%2C300&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2370,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/a-particula-ya-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1729,"position":4},"title":"\u010castica YA v japon\u010dine","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de febru\u00e1r de 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Agora vamos ampliar seu conhecimento sobre\u00a0a part\u00edcula YA em japon\u00eas! A principal fun\u00e7\u00e3o da part\u00edcula\u00a0ya\u00a0\u00e9 simplesmente criar listas de substantivos japoneses. Dessa forma, podemos citar um conjunto de coisas existentes em algum lugar ou coisas que iremos fazer. Neste momento, muitos leitores devem estar lembrando da part\u00edcula japonesa\u00a0to, que tamb\u00e9m\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Gram\u00e1tica Japonesa&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Gram\u00e1tica Japonesa","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/gramatica-japonesa\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"A part\u00edcula YA em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/a-particula-ya-em-japones.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/a-particula-ya-em-japones.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/a-particula-ya-em-japones.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2820,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/particula-mo-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1729,"position":5},"title":"\u010castica MO v japon\u010dine","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"6 de janu\u00e1r de 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Em japon\u00eas, a fun\u00e7\u00e3o mais comum da part\u00edcula\u00a0mo\u00a0\u00e9 indicar uma esp\u00e9cie de similaridade entre palavras da mesma senten\u00e7a. Segundo a\u00a0gram\u00e1tica japonesa, a part\u00edcula\u00a0mo\u00a0pode substituir outras part\u00edculas em frases paralelas, colocando duas palavras em p\u00e9 de igualdade ou assumindo o mesmo significado de palavras como\u00a0tamb\u00e9m,\u00a0bem como,\u00a0t\u00e3o...quanto\u00a0e outras com o mesmo significado.\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Gram\u00e1tica Japonesa&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Gram\u00e1tica Japonesa","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/gramatica-japonesa\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"A part\u00edcula mo - \u3082","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/01\/particula-MO-em-japones.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/01\/particula-MO-em-japones.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/01\/particula-MO-em-japones.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/01\/particula-MO-em-japones.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/01\/particula-MO-em-japones.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1729","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1729"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1729\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1733"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1729"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1729"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1729"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}