{"id":1741,"date":"2009-11-03T05:32:55","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T07:32:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1741"},"modified":"2018-03-18T22:21:37","modified_gmt":"2018-03-19T01:21:37","slug":"slovesa-aru-a-iru-v-japoncine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/verbos-aru-e-iru-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Sloves\u00e1 aru a iru v japon\u010dine"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"42f50e0ef69d15b5aee26f1ed3eeb18c\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Zistite viac o\u00a0<strong>sloves\u00e1 aru a iru v japon\u010dine<\/strong>!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Sloves\u00e1\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0s\u00fa dve japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa rovnak\u00fd v\u00fdznam a m\u00f4\u017eu sa pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 rovnak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00fd rozdiel medzi t\u00fdmito dvoma slovesami spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0sa pou\u017e\u00edva, ak je predmetom vety osoba alebo zviera (\u017eiv\u00fd predmet :D) a\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0sa pou\u017e\u00edva vtedy, ke\u010f je predmetom vety nie\u010do ne\u017eiv\u00e9 alebo ne\u017eivotn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>Sloves\u00e1 aru a iru v japon\u010dine<\/h2>\n<p>Majte tento rozdiel na pam\u00e4ti, preto\u017ee je ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd pre poznanie rozdielu medzi t\u00fdmito dvoma slovesami\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/\">Japonsk\u00fd jazyk<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f\u017ee som sa e\u0161te nezmienil o pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed slovies v japon\u010dine, vr\u00e1tane ich \u010dasovania a umiestnenia vo vet\u00e1ch, vyu\u017eijem tento \u010dl\u00e1nok na predstavenie niektor\u00fdch pojmov a ot\u00e1zok, ktor\u00e9 e\u0161te len pr\u00eddu.<\/p>\n<h2>Zhrnutie pou\u017e\u00edvania slovies v japon\u010dine<\/h2>\n<p>Pod\u013ea japonskej gramatiky s\u00fa japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 v\u017edy na konci vety, \u010do im d\u00e1va z\u00e1kladn\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru\u00a0<strong>subjekt+objekt alebo predik\u00e1t+sloveso<\/strong>. \u010co je \u00faplne odli\u0161n\u00e9 od na\u0161ej portugal\u010diny, kde m\u00e1me\u00a0<strong>predmet+sloveso+predik\u00e1t<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Napr\u00edklad v portugal\u010dine by sme mali:<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ed\u0161em list. (Predmet + sloveso + predik\u00e1t alebo objekt)<\/p>\n<p>V japon\u010dine by t\u00e1 ist\u00e1 veta znela:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"watashi wa tegami o kaku - P\u00ed\u0161em list\">\u79c1\u306f\u624b\u7d19\u3092\u66f8\u304f<\/acronym>\u00a0(Subjekt + predik\u00e1t alebo objekt + sloveso)<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161imnite si, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd prvok japonskej vety je spojen\u00fd \u010dasticou, ktor\u00e1 hovor\u00ed, kto je subjektom vety, objektom (priamym alebo nepriamym) a kde sa nach\u00e1dza sloveso. T\u00fato \u0161trukt\u00faru si zapam\u00e4tajte, preto\u017ee sa pou\u017e\u00edva prakticky v ka\u017edej japonskej vete.<\/p>\n<p>V predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich \u010dl\u00e1nkoch som nap\u00edsal dve t\u00e9my, v ktor\u00fdch som sa zmienil o z\u00e1kladnom pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed \u010dast\u00edc. Ak v\u00e1s to zauj\u00edma, odpor\u00fa\u010dam pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 si nasleduj\u00face \u010dl\u00e1nky:<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 \u010dastice v japon\u010dine\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/zakladne-castice-v-japoncine\/\">Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 \u010dastice v japon\u010dine<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\u010castice na konci vety v japon\u010dine\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/japonske-koncovky-viet\/\">\u010castice na konci vety v japon\u010dine<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>O japonsk\u00fdch slovesn\u00fdch \u010dasovaniach<\/h2>\n<p>V japon\u010dine existuj\u00fa len tri slovesn\u00e9 \u010dasy: pr\u00edtomn\u00fd, minul\u00fd, z\u00e1porn\u00fd pr\u00edtomn\u00fd a z\u00e1porn\u00fd minul\u00fd. Bud\u00faci \u010das sa zvy\u010dajne realizuje \u0161peci\u00e1lnou vetnou \u0161trukt\u00farou, zvy\u010dajne pomocou pr\u00edsloviek \u010dasu. To je v\u0161ak t\u00e9ma pre kurz japon\u010diny pre stredne pokro\u010dil\u00fdch, ktor\u00fd bude \u010doskoro k dispoz\u00edcii.<\/p>\n<p>\u010eal\u0161ou dobrou spr\u00e1vou o japonsk\u00fdch sloves\u00e1ch je, \u017ee s\u00fa nemenn\u00e9. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nemenia tvar pod\u013ea \u010d\u00edsla (mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo), rodu (\u017eensk\u00fd alebo mu\u017esk\u00fd) alebo osoby (prv\u00e1 osoba jednotn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla, mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo at\u010f.). Sloves\u00e1 bud\u00fa fungova\u0165 podobne ako\u00a0<a title=\"Podstatn\u00e9 men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/podstatne-mena-v-japoncine\/\">podstatn\u00e9 men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Zlou spr\u00e1vou je, \u017ee japonsk\u00fd jazyk m\u00e1 nieko\u013eko \u00farovn\u00ed form\u00e1lnosti. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pre ka\u017ed\u00fd slovesn\u00fd \u010das existuj\u00fa dve konjug\u00e1cie: jedna vo form\u00e1lnom a druh\u00e1 v neform\u00e1lnom sp\u00f4sobe. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 sloveso v japon\u010dine m\u00e1 minim\u00e1lne osem konjug\u00e1ci\u00ed a niektor\u00e9 \u0161peci\u00e1lne tvary, ako napr. tvar mashou\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/form-your-eyes-in-japan\/\">forma<\/a>\u00a0a nieko\u013eko \u010fal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>Nebojte sa, hoci to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 trochu sk\u013eu\u010duj\u00face, japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 s\u00fa jednoduch\u0161ie, ako si v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed mysl\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Neform\u00e1lny sp\u00f4sob aru a iru<\/h3>\n<p>Neform\u00e1lny tvar japonsk\u00fdch slovies je zn\u00e1my ako\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/modo-informal-dos-verbos-em-japones\/\">slovn\u00edkov\u00e1 forma<\/a>. Svoj n\u00e1zov dostal preto, lebo je to ofici\u00e1lny tvar slovies, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva v japonsk\u00fdch slovn\u00edkoch.<\/p>\n<p>V skratke, \u010dasovanie slovies\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0vo forme slovn\u00edka je uveden\u00fd v nasleduj\u00facej tabu\u013eke:<\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\" align=\"center\">\n<caption><strong>Aru a Iru sloves\u00e1 v slovn\u00edkovej forme<\/strong><\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th width=\"26%\">\u010casovanie slovesa<\/th>\n<th width=\"37%\">Aru \u010dasovanie slovies<\/th>\n<th width=\"37%\">Iru \u010dasovanie slovies<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pr\u00edtomn\u00fd kladn\u00fd<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"aru\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"iru\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#f2f2f2\">\n<td>Minulos\u0165 kladn\u00e1<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"atta\">\u3042\u3063\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"itta\">\u3044\u3063\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Z\u00e1porn\u00e1 pr\u00edtomnos\u0165<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"nai\">\u306a\u3044<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"inai\">\u3044\u306a\u3044<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#f2f2f2\">\n<td>Negat\u00edvna minulos\u0165<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"nakatta\">\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"inakatta\">\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Tento typ konjug\u00e1cie ve\u013emi pripom\u00edna konjug\u00e1ciu\u00a0<a title=\"Pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/japonske-pridavne-mena\/\">pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine<\/a>. Je to tak?<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Form\u00e1lny sp\u00f4sob aru a iru<\/h3>\n<p>Form\u00e1lny sp\u00f4sob slovies v japon\u010dine je zn\u00e1my ako\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/forma-masu-slovies-v-japoncine\/\">tvar masky<\/a>. Svoj n\u00e1zov dostal preto, lebo v\u0161etky sloves\u00e1 \u010dasovan\u00e9 v tomto \u010dase maj\u00fa koncovku\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>v jeho p\u00edsan\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V skratke, \u010dasovanie slovies\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0vo forme masu s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 v nasleduj\u00facej tabu\u013eke:<\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\" align=\"center\">\n<caption><strong>Sloves\u00e1 Aru a Iru v tvare masu<\/strong><\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u010casovanie slovesa<\/th>\n<th>Aru \u010dasovanie slovies<\/th>\n<th>Iru \u010dasovanie slovies<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pr\u00edtomn\u00fd kladn\u00fd<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"arimasu\">\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"imasu\">\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#f2f2f2\">\n<td>Minulos\u0165 kladn\u00e1<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"arimashita\">\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"imashita\">\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Z\u00e1porn\u00e1 pr\u00edtomnos\u0165<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"arimasen\">\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"imasen\">\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#f2f2f2\">\n<td>Negat\u00edvna minulos\u0165<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"arimasen deshita\">\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"imasen deshita\">\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Ako pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 aru a iru v japonsk\u00fdch vet\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n<p>Sk\u00f4r ako v\u00e1m za\u010dnem ukazova\u0165 pr\u00edklady pou\u017eitia slovies\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0v japon\u010dine, stoj\u00ed za to pripomen\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee tieto dve sloves\u00e1 sa \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa s\u00a0<a title=\"Ukazovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/zamena-demonstrativa-v-japoncine\/\">ukazovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine<\/a>. Preto odpor\u00fa\u010dam pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 si aj tento \u010dl\u00e1nok.<\/p>\n<p>Ako\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 r\u00f4zne v\u00fdznamy v z\u00e1vislosti od kontextu vety, pok\u00fasim sa pou\u017ei\u0165 pr\u00edklady pre najbe\u017enej\u0161ie v\u00fdznamy t\u00fdchto dvoch slovies.<\/p>\n<h3>Sloves\u00e1 aru a iru s v\u00fdznamom existova\u0165<\/h3>\n<p>Ke\u010f pou\u017e\u00edvame\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0Pri v\u00fdzname existova\u0165 m\u00f4\u017eeme pou\u017ei\u0165 ve\u013emi jednoduch\u00fd vzor vety z japonsk\u00e9ho jazyka:\u00a0<strong>ukazovacie z\u00e1meno +\u00a0<acronym title=\"ni - Z\u00e1stupca\">\u306b<\/acronym>\u00a0+ predmet +\u00a0<acronym title=\"ga - predmetov\u00fd indik\u00e1tor \u010dastica\">\u304c<\/acronym>\u00a0+ iru\/aru<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"koko ni sakana ga iru - S\u00fa tu ryby.\">\u3053\u3053<span class=\"orange\">\u306b<\/span>\u9b5a<span class=\"orange\">\u304c<\/span>\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"soko ni pen ga arimasu - Tam je pero.\">\u305d\u3053<span class=\"orange\">\u306b<\/span>\u30da\u30f3<span class=\"orange\">\u304c<\/span>\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Vo vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fdch vet\u00e1ch sme pou\u017eili sloveso\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0od\u00a0<acronym title=\"sakana - ryba\">\u9b5a<\/acronym>\u00a0je \u017eiv\u00e1 bytos\u0165. V druhej vete pou\u017e\u00edvame form\u00e1lny sp\u00f4sob\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>od\u00a0<acronym title=\"pero - pero\">\u30da\u30f3<\/acronym>\u00a0nem\u00e1 \u017eiadny \u017eivot.<\/p>\n<h3>Sloves\u00e1 aru a iru s v\u00fdznamom by\u0165<\/h3>\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edvanie\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0s v\u00fdznamom by\u0165, ozna\u010duj\u00facim miesto, m\u00f4\u017eeme pou\u017ei\u0165 in\u00fd vetn\u00fd vzor:\u00a0<strong>predmet +\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa - indik\u00e1tor t\u00e9my\/predmetu \u010dastica\">\u306f<\/acronym>\u00a0+ pr\u00edslovka miesta\/pr\u00edslovka miesta +\u00a0<acronym title=\"ni - z\u00e1stupn\u00fd symbol\">\u306b<\/acronym>\u00a0+ aru\/iru.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"yamadasan wa ie ni imasen deshita - P\u00e1n Yamada nebol doma.\">\u5c71\u7530\u3055\u3093<span class=\"orange\">\u306f<\/span>\u5bb6<span class=\"orange\">\u306b<\/span>\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"hon wa teeburu no ue ni nai - Kniha nie je na stole.\">\u672c<span class=\"orange\">\u306f<\/span>\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u306e\u4e0a<span class=\"orange\">\u306b<\/span>\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Sloves\u00e1 aru a iru s v\u00fdznamom ma\u0165 alebo vlastni\u0165<\/h3>\n<p>Apesar de n\u00e3o ser um modo muito &#8220;correto&#8221; de se usar\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u010casto sa stret\u00e1vame s vetami, ktor\u00e9 sa riadia t\u00fdmto modelom:\u00a0<strong>predmet\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa - t\u00e9ma \u010dast\u00edc.\">\u306f<\/acronym>\u00a0objekt alebo predik\u00e1t\u00a0<acronym title=\"ga - predmetov\u00e1 \u010dastica\">\u304c<\/acronym>\u00a0aru\/iru<\/strong>. V t\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch,\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0nadobudn\u00fa\u0165 v\u00fdznam ma\u0165 nie\u010do.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"boku wa conpyuuta ga arimasu - M\u00e1m po\u010d\u00edta\u010d.\">\u50d5<span class=\"orange\">\u306f<\/span>\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf<span class=\"orange\">\u304c<\/span>\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"satomi-chan wa inu ga iru ne? - Satomi m\u00e1 psa, v\u0161ak?\">\u91cc\u7f8e\u3061\u3083\u3093<span class=\"orange\">\u306f<\/span>\u72ac<span class=\"orange\">\u304c<\/span>\u3044\u308b\u306d\uff1f<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Aj ke\u010f sa \u010dasto stret\u00e1vame s vetami, ako s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 v pr\u00edkladoch vy\u0161\u0161ie, najlep\u0161ie je pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 sloves\u00e1\u00a0<acronym title=\"motsu - ma\u0165, vlastni\u0165\">\u6301\u3064<\/acronym>\u00a0pre objekty a\u00a0<acronym title=\"kau - ma\u0165 a vlastni\u0165, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pri zvierat\u00e1ch, stara\u0165 sa o ne, chova\u0165 ich...\">\u98fc\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0pre zvierat\u00e1 namiesto pou\u017e\u00edvania\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<h2>Na z\u00e1ver<\/h2>\n<p>Kedy pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 sloves\u00e1\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>Ak sa u\u010d\u00edte japonsky, v\u017edy venujte pozornos\u0165 v\u00fdznamu vety. Je ve\u013emi \u010dast\u00e9, \u017ee \u0161tudenti japon\u010diny pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa tieto sloves\u00e1 len pod\u013ea predmetu a zab\u00fadaj\u00fa na v\u00fdznam vety. Aj ja som urobil ve\u013ea tak\u00fdchto ch\u00fdb.<\/p>\n<p>Napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"sakanaya ni sakana ga arimasu. - V obchode s rybami s\u00fa ryby (m\u0155tve a bez \u017eivota).\">\u9b5a\u5c4b\u306b\u9b5a\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"V oce\u00e1ne s\u00fa (\u017eiv\u00e9) ryby.\">\u6d77\u6d0b\u306b\u9b5a\u304c\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Rozdiel medzi t\u00fdmito dvoma vetami je vo v\u00fdzname, nie v slov\u00e1ch. V obchode s rybami s\u00fa m\u0155tve ryby na konzum\u00e1ciu a v mori pl\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u017eiv\u00e9 ryby. Preto pou\u017e\u00edvame\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0vo vete a\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - by\u0165, existova\u0165, ma\u0165 a by\u0165\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0v druhej.<\/p>\n<h2>Cvi\u010denie p\u00edsania kand\u017ei rukou<\/h2>\n<p>Ni\u017e\u0161ie s\u00fa uveden\u00e9\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/ako-pisat-japonske-pismena-kandzi\/\">Japonsk\u00e9 ideografick\u00e9 symboly<\/a>\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00e9 v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku. V\u00fdber po\u017eadovan\u00fdch kand\u017ei skop\u00edrujte a vlo\u017ete ich do\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/in\/imprimir-para-treinar-kanas-e-kanjis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pracovn\u00fd list na precvi\u010dovanie k\u00e1n a kand\u017ei<\/a>\u00a0otvor\u00ed sa nov\u00e9 okno, v ktorom si m\u00f4\u017eete prezrie\u0165 s\u00fabor na vytla\u010denie a precvi\u010di\u0165 si japonsk\u00fa kaligrafiu zakryt\u00edm siv\u00fdch symbolov a potom sa pok\u00fasi\u0165 p\u00edsa\u0165 sami. Sta\u010d\u00ed vytla\u010di\u0165 a cvi\u010di\u0165.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 141px\" border=\"0\" width=\"456\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u79c1<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u624b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u7d19<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u66f8<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u9b5a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5c71<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u7530<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5bb6<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u672c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u4e0a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u50d5<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u7f8e<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u91cc<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6301<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u72ac<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u98fc<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5c4b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6d77<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6d0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zistite viac o japonsk\u00fdch sloves\u00e1ch aru a iru! Sloves\u00e1 \u3042\u308b a \u3044\u308b s\u00fa dve japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa rovnak\u00fd v\u00fdznam a m\u00f4\u017eu sa pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 rovnak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom. Z\u00e1kladn\u00fd rozdiel medzi t\u00fdmito dvoma slovesami<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1742,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/verbos-aru-e-iru-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2359,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/quando-usar-a-particula-ga\/","url_meta":{"origin":1741,"position":0},"title":"Kedy pou\u017ei\u0165 \u010dasticu GA","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"24 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Decidir quando usar a part\u00edcula GA ou qualquer outra part\u00edcula n\u00e3o \u00e9 quest\u00e3o de seguir uma regra. A resposta para esta quest\u00e3o depende de muitos fatores usados na constru\u00e7\u00e3o das frases e das outras part\u00edculas que usamos dentro de uma mesma senten\u00e7a. Em alguns casos, isso parece ser mais quest\u00e3o\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Part\u00edculas em Japon\u00eas&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Part\u00edculas em Japon\u00eas","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/particulas-em-japones\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Quando usar a part\u00edcula GA","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/quando-usar-a-particula-ga.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/quando-usar-a-particula-ga.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/quando-usar-a-particula-ga.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2132,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/forma-potencial-dos-verbos-japoneses\/","url_meta":{"origin":1741,"position":1},"title":"Potenci\u00e1lny tvar japonsk\u00fdch slovies","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"4 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda mais sobre\u00a0a forma potencial dos verbos japoneses! A estrat\u00e9gia de usar a express\u00e3o\u00a0\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u00a0\u00e9 apenas um caminho para expressar a capacidade de exercer uma habilidade. Por isso,\u00a0\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u00a0\u00e9 considerado um caminho de uso rotineiro e informal, voltado para conversas mais casuais. A forma potencial dos verbos japoneses Em ocasi\u00f5es onde precisamos\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"a forma potencial dos verbos japoneses","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/forma-potencial-dos-verbos-japoneses.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1785,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/forma-te-dos-verbos-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1741,"position":2},"title":"Tvar TE slovies v japon\u010dine","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Conhe\u00e7a mais sobre a forma TE dos verbos em japon\u00eas! Hoje vamos conhecer a forma\u00a0\u3066dos verbos em japon\u00eas. A forma\u00a0\u3066\u00a0\u00e9 interessante porque n\u00e3o indica um tempo verbal por si mesmo, mas combinado com outros verbos, pode criar express\u00f5es em tempos verbais diferentes do que vimos at\u00e9 agora. A forma TE\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"A forma TE dos verbos em japon\u00eas - \u3066","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/forma-te-%E3%81%A6-dos-verbos-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1745,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/grupos-de-verbos-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1741,"position":3},"title":"Skupiny slovies v japon\u010dine","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda mais sobre os grupos de verbos em japon\u00eas! Dividir os verbos japoneses em grupos \u00e9 uma pr\u00e1tica did\u00e1tica muito usada por professores e autores de livros de japon\u00eas. Os grupos de verbos em japon\u00eas A ideia \u00e9 facilitar o aprendizado, dividindo os verbos em grupos de acordo com suas\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Os grupos de verbos em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/grupos-de-verbos-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1604,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/curso-de-japones-gratis-guia-de-estudos\/","url_meta":{"origin":1741,"position":4},"title":"Bezplatn\u00fd kurz japon\u010diny - \u0161tudijn\u00e1 pr\u00edru\u010dka","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"16 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Veja aqui a lista completa dos posts publicados para o\u00a0Curso de japon\u00eas gr\u00e1tis - Guia de estudos! Est\u00e1 p\u00e1gina funciona como um guia de estudos para o curso de japon\u00eas gr\u00e1tis do L\u00edngua Japonesa, onde qualquer interessado poder\u00e1 aprender japon\u00eas online gratuitamente. O objetivo \u00e9 reunir o m\u00e1ximo de conhecimento\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Como formar frases em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/nihongo_idioma.jpg?fit=477%2C296&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1751,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/modo-informal-dos-verbos-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1741,"position":5},"title":"Neform\u00e1lny sp\u00f4sob pou\u017e\u00edvania slovies v japon\u010dine","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda agora o\u00a0modo informal dos verbos em japon\u00eas! A forma simples de um verbo em japon\u00eas seria algo muito pr\u00f3ximo ao infinitivo dos verbos na l\u00edngua portuguesa. Ou seja, essa \u00e9 a forma mais primitiva de um verbo em japon\u00eas. O modo informal dos verbos em japon\u00eas Por ser a\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"O modo informal dos verbos em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/modo-informal-dos-verbos-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1741","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1741"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1741\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1742"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1741"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1741"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1741"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}