{"id":1745,"date":"2009-11-03T05:35:49","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T07:35:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1745"},"modified":"2018-03-18T21:20:47","modified_gmt":"2018-03-19T00:20:47","slug":"skupiny-slovies-v-japoncine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/grupos-de-verbos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Skupiny slovies v japon\u010dine"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zistite viac o skupiny slovies v japon\u010dine<\/strong>!<\/em><\/p>\n

Rozde\u013eovanie japonsk\u00fdch slovies do skup\u00edn je didaktick\u00e1 met\u00f3da, ktor\u00fa \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa u\u010ditelia a autori u\u010debn\u00edc japon\u010diny.<\/p>\n

Skupiny slovies v japon\u010dine<\/h2>\n

Cie\u013eom je u\u013eah\u010di\u0165 u\u010denie t\u00fdm, \u017ee sa sloves\u00e1 rozdelia do skup\u00edn pod\u013ea ich koncoviek a pravidiel sklo\u0148ovania.<\/p>\n

\u00davod do japonsk\u00fdch slovies<\/h2>\n

Ako u\u017e asi v\u0161etci viete, Japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1<\/a> Nie je \u013eahk\u00e9 sa ich nau\u010di\u0165, ale ur\u010dite s\u00fa ove\u013ea jednoduch\u0161ie ako sloves\u00e1 v portugal\u010dine. Je to preto, \u017ee japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 sa sklo\u0148uj\u00fa len v troch \u010dasoch: pr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das (kladn\u00fd), pr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das (z\u00e1porn\u00fd), minul\u00fd \u010das (kladn\u00fd) a minul\u00fd \u010das (z\u00e1porn\u00fd).<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f ide o bud\u00faci \u010das, Japonci zvy\u010dajne pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u0161peci\u00e1lne kon\u0161trukcie s \u010dasov\u00fdmi pr\u00edslovkami. Tvorba viet v bud\u00facom \u010dase je jednoduch\u0161ia, ne\u017e si mnoh\u00ed myslia, ale to u\u017e bude t\u00e9mou nasleduj\u00facich \u010dl\u00e1nkov.<\/p>\n

Pokia\u013e ide o form\u00e1lnos\u0165, japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 mo\u017eno rozdeli\u0165 do dvoch skup\u00edn: neform\u00e1lne a form\u00e1lne. V\u010faka tomu sa japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017eu sklo\u0148ova\u0165 \u00f4smimi r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi, pri\u010dom pre ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010das existuje jedna form\u00e1lna a jedna neform\u00e1lna forma.<\/p>\n

Skupiny slovies v japon\u010dine<\/h2>\n

V japon\u010dine existuj\u00fa v podstate tri skupiny slovies, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa ur\u010den\u00e9 na z\u00e1klade ich fonetick\u00fdch koncoviek a vzorov slovn\u00fdch tvarov. Z tohto d\u00f4vodu nie je v\u017edy mo\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010di\u0165 skupinu slovesa na z\u00e1klade jeho p\u00edsomnej podoby, a preto je potrebn\u00e9 d\u00e1va\u0165 pozor, aby sa skupiny slovies v japon\u010dine nezamie\u0148ali.<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161ou d\u00f4le\u017eitou zauj\u00edmavos\u0165ou je okurigana, \u010do je \u010das\u0165 slovesa, ktor\u00e1 sa nemen\u00ed. Okuriganu v sloves\u00e1ch je \u013eahk\u00e9 rozozna\u0165, preto\u017ee ide zvy\u010dajne o samotn\u00e9 kanji, zatia\u013e \u010do \u010das\u0165, ktor\u00e1 sa m\u00f4\u017ee meni\u0165, je zvy\u0161ok slova nap\u00edsan\u00fd v hiragane.<\/p>\n

Skupina 1 \u2013 Slovesa kon\u010diace na \u201cu\u201d<\/h3>\n

Ke\u010f hovor\u00edm o \u201csloves\u00e1ch kon\u010diacich na u\u201d, nem\u00e1m na mysli, \u017ee japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 z tejto skupiny kon\u010dia samohl\u00e1skou\u00a0\u3046<\/acronym>, ale \u017ee m\u00f4\u017eu kon\u010di\u0165 samohl\u00e1skou\u00a0\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0alebo s akouko\u013evek slabikou so zvukom \u201cu\u201d. (\u3046<\/acronym>\u3001\u304f<\/acronym>\u3001\u3059<\/acronym>\u3001\u3064<\/acronym>\u3001\u306c<\/acronym>\u3001\u3075<\/acronym>\u3001\u3080<\/acronym>\u3001\u308b<\/acronym>\u2026)<\/p>\n

T\u00e1to skupina slovies v japon\u010dine je tie\u017e zn\u00e1ma ako godan-doushi, alebo jednoducho godan.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n

pi\u0165 \u2013 pi\u0165<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u010caka\u0165 \u2013 \u010daka\u0165<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u805e\u304f \u2013 po\u010d\u00fava\u0165<\/acronym><\/p>\n

P\u00edsa\u0165 \u2013 escrever<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Hovori\u0165 \u2013 hovori\u0165<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Skupina 2 \u2013 Slovesa kon\u010diace na \u201ciru\u201d a \u201ceru\u201d<\/h3>\n

T\u00fato skupinu slovies tvoria japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 kon\u010dia na slabiky\u00a0\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>alebo\u00a0\u3048\u308b<\/acronym>. Tieto slabiky sa pri p\u00edsan\u00ed slovies pomocou kanji nezobrazuj\u00fa v\u017edy. V skuto\u010dnosti s\u00fa tieto dve koncovky vidite\u013enej\u0161ie vo v\u00fdslovnosti slovies ako v ich p\u00edsomnej podobe.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1to skupina slovies je tie\u017e zn\u00e1ma ako ichidan-doushi, alebo jednoducho ichidan.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7740\u308b \u2013 obliec\u0165 sa<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u898b\u308b \u2013 vidie\u0165<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u8d77\u304d\u308b \u2013 zobudi\u0165 sa<\/acronym><\/p>\n

ariru \u2013 sk\u00e1ka\u0165, zosko\u010di\u0165<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Veri\u0165 \u2013 veri\u0165<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u958b\u3051\u308b \u2013 otvori\u0165<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u3042\u3052\u308b \u2013 da\u0165<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u51fa\u308b \u2013 vyjs\u0165<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Sp\u00e1va\u0165 \u2013 spa\u0165<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Jedenie \u2013 jes\u0165<\/acronym>
\n<\/p>\n

Skupina 3 \u2013 Nepravideln\u00e9 sloves\u00e1<\/h3>\n

Nepravideln\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 sa skladaj\u00fa zo slovies\u00a0\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0pr\u00edde<\/acronym>. Ve\u013emi zauj\u00edmavou vlastnos\u0165ou t\u00fdchto japonsk\u00fdch slovies je schopnos\u0165 sp\u00e1ja\u0165 sa s in\u00fdmi slovami a vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 tak sloves\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 by v\u00e1s ani nenapadli.<\/p>\n

Japonci zvy\u010dajne preberaj\u00fa nejak\u00e9 slovo, \u010di u\u017e ide o japonsk\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu<\/a> alebo zahrani\u010dn\u00e1, a dod\u00e1vaj\u00fa\u00a0pr\u00edde<\/acronym>\u00a0alebo\u00a0\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0pred \u0148ou, aby sme vytvorili nov\u00e9 sloveso. Ke\u010f\u017ee slovo\u00a0Tanec<\/acronym>, ktor\u00e9 so slovesom\u00a0\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0tancova\u0165<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b \u2013 u\u010di\u0165 sa<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Cestova\u0165 \u2013 cestova\u0165<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Exportova\u0165 \u2013 exportar<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Tancova\u0165 \u2013 Dan\u00e7ar<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Niektor\u00e9 v\u00fdnimky v japonsk\u00fdch sloves\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n

Japonsk\u00fd jazyk, rovnako ako ka\u017ed\u00fd in\u00fd jazyk, m\u00e1 svoje v\u00fdnimky, a jedna z nich sa t\u00fdka zaradenia slovies do skup\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Pokia\u013e ide o zaradenie japonsk\u00fdch slovies do skup\u00edn, mus\u00edme si d\u00e1va\u0165 pozor na ni\u017e\u0161ie uveden\u00e9 sloves\u00e1, hoci maj\u00fa koncovku\u00a0\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0\u3048\u308b<\/acronym>, patria do skupiny slovies kon\u010diacich na \u201cu\u201d a nie do druhej skupiny japonsk\u00fdch slovies.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1to nejasnos\u0165 vznik\u00e1 kv\u00f4li fonetick\u00e9mu \u010dleneniu. V\u0161imnite si, \u017ee hoci sa kon\u010dia hl\u00e1skou\u00a0\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0\u3048\u308b<\/acronym>, aj tieto sloves\u00e1 kon\u010dia slabikou so zvukom \u201cu\u201d, a pr\u00e1ve to sp\u00f4sobuje ve\u013ek\u00fd zm\u00e4tok.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5165\u308b \u2013 vst\u00fapi\u0165<\/acronym><\/p>\n

beha\u0165 \u2013 beha\u0165<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u3044\u308b \u2013 potrebova\u0165, ma\u0165 potrebu<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Vr\u00e1ti\u0165 sa \u2013 vr\u00e1ti\u0165 sa, navr\u00e1ti\u0165 sa, vr\u00e1ti\u0165<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u9650\u308b \u2013 obmedzi\u0165<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u5207\u308b \u2013 Reza\u0165<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u77e5\u308b \u2013 vedie\u0165, pozna\u0165<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Pozrite si ni\u017e\u0161ie uveden\u00e9 video o skupin\u00e1ch slovies v japon\u010dine:<\/p>\n