{"id":1756,"date":"2009-11-03T05:41:50","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T07:41:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1756"},"modified":"2018-03-12T00:15:39","modified_gmt":"2018-03-12T03:15:39","slug":"forma-masu-slovies-v-japoncine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/forma-masu-dos-verbos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Masu slovesn\u00e9 tvary v japon\u010dine"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"42f50e0ef69d15b5aee26f1ed3eeb18c\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Zozn\u00e1mte sa s <strong>tvar masu japonsk\u00fdch slovies<\/strong>!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>V predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom \u010dl\u00e1nku sme objavili\u00a0<a title=\"Neform\u00e1lny sp\u00f4sob pou\u017e\u00edvania slovies v japon\u010dine\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/modo-informal-dos-verbos-em-japones\/\">neform\u00e1lne japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1<\/a>V dne\u0161nom \u010dl\u00e1nku sa zozn\u00e1mime s form\u00e1lnym sp\u00f4sobom, ktor\u00fd sa v japon\u010dine naz\u00fdva forma masu.<\/p>\n<h2>Masu slovesn\u00e9 tvary v japon\u010dine<\/h2>\n<p>Ako sme u\u017e spom\u00ednali v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich \u010dl\u00e1nkoch, japonsk\u00fd jazyk m\u00e1 na rozdiel od mnoh\u00fdch in\u00fdch jazykov na svete hierarchick\u00e9 stupne. Preto existuj\u00fa slov\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 sa za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa a za in\u00fdch nie. Tento typ spr\u00e1vania je zn\u00e1my ako stupne form\u00e1lnosti a podobne ako mnoh\u00e9 slov\u00e1, aj japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 patria do tohto spr\u00e1vania.<\/p>\n<p class=\"orange\">Po prejden\u00ed kurzorom nad japonsk\u00e9 symboly sa zobraz\u00ed ich v\u00fdslovnos\u0165 a preklad.<\/p>\n<h2>Konjug\u00e1cia slovies v japon\u010dine<\/h2>\n<p>Ak chcete \u010dasova\u0165 japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 v tvare masu, mus\u00edte vedie\u0165, ako rozdeli\u0165 sloves\u00e1 do skup\u00edn, a pozna\u0165 rodiny hiragany a katakany. V z\u00e1vislosti od jednotliv\u00fdch skup\u00edn slovies sa pravidl\u00e1 pre \u010dasovanie japonsk\u00fdch slovies l\u00ed\u0161ia.<\/p>\n<p>Ak si nepam\u00e4t\u00e1te alebo chcete vedie\u0165 viac o tom, ako sa sloves\u00e1 delia do skup\u00edn, odpor\u00fa\u010dam v\u00e1m pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 si \u010dl\u00e1nok \"<a title=\"Skupiny japonsk\u00fdch slovies\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/grupos-de-verbos-em-japones\/\">Skupiny slovies v japon\u010dine<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<h2>Form\u00e1lny pr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das japonsk\u00fdch slovies<\/h2>\n<p>Form\u00e1lny pr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das japonsk\u00fdch slovies sa tvor\u00ed pridan\u00edm pr\u00edpony\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0v ka\u017edom zo slovies v\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/\">Japonsk\u00fd jazyk<\/a>. Ale to sa nerob\u00ed nijako, zvy\u010dajne sa to l\u00ed\u0161i pod\u013ea slovnej skupiny.<\/p>\n<h3>Skupina slovies zakon\u010den\u00fdch na u<\/h3>\n<p>Najzlo\u017eitej\u0161ou \u010das\u0165ou bude \u010dasovanie japonsk\u00fdch slovies zakon\u010den\u00fdch na u, preto\u017ee sklo\u0148ovanie slovies sa men\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti od ich koncovky.<\/p>\n<p>Strat\u00e9giou je zapam\u00e4ta\u0165 si v\u0161etky rodiny hiragan, zmeni\u0165 posledn\u00fa slabiku ka\u017ed\u00e9ho slovesa kon\u010diaceho na hl\u00e1sku \"u\" na slabiku tej istej rodiny kon\u010diacu na hl\u00e1sku \"i\" a prida\u0165 pr\u00edponu\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0po nej.<\/p>\n<p>Ak teda sloveso kon\u010d\u00ed na\u00a0<acronym title=\"mu\">\u3080<\/acronym>sa zmen\u00ed na\u00a0<acronym title=\"mi\">\u307f<\/acronym>\u00a0+\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>; ak sa kon\u010d\u00ed na\u00a0<acronym title=\"tsu\">\u3064<\/acronym>sa stane\u00a0<acronym title=\"chi\">\u3061<\/acronym>\u00a0+\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>; ak sa kon\u010d\u00ed na\u00a0<acronym title=\"ku\">\u304f<\/acronym>sa stane\u00a0<acronym title=\"ki\">\u304d<\/acronym>\u00a0+\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a tak \u010falej.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pr\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"matsu | po\u010dka\u0165\">\u5f85\u3064<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasu | po\u010dka\u0165\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kau | k\u00fapi\u0165\">\u8cb7\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasu | k\u00fapi\u0165\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaku | nap\u00edsa\u0165\">\u66f8\u304f<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimasu | nap\u00edsa\u0165\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaeru | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasu | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"nomu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u3080<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"shinu | zomrie\u0165\">\u6b7b\u306c<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasu | zomrie\u0165\">\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina slovies zakon\u010den\u00fdch na iru a eru<\/h3>\n<p>T\u00fato skupinu je najjednoduch\u0161ie konjugova\u0165. Sta\u010d\u00ed vymeni\u0165 koncovku ru za na\u0161e roz\u0161\u00edrenie\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>. Sta\u010d\u00ed sa pozrie\u0165 na nasleduj\u00face pr\u00edklady:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Taberu | jes\u0165\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"Tabemasu | jes\u0165\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"zrkadlo | pozri\">\u898b\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasu | pozri\">\u898b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"oshieru | u\u010di\u0165\">\u6559\u3048\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasu | u\u010di\u0165\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"okiru | zobudi\u0165 sa\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasu | zobudi\u0165 sa\">\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina nepravideln\u00fdch slovies<\/h3>\n<p>T\u00e1to skupina nem\u00e1 \u017eiadne pravidl\u00e1 konjug\u00e1cie. Najlep\u0161ie je zvykn\u00fa\u0165 si na ka\u017ed\u00fa z nich postupne.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pr\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"suru | do\">\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasu | do\">\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kuru | vir\">\u6765\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasu | vir\">\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Form\u00e1lny minul\u00fd \u010das japonsk\u00fdch slovies<\/h2>\n<p>Ke\u010f\u017ee u\u017e vieme, ako z\u00edska\u0165 tvar masu vo form\u00e1lnom pr\u00edtomnom \u010dase, teraz sa pok\u00fasime odvodi\u0165 form\u00e1lny pr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das pre ostatn\u00e9 japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1. V pr\u00edpade form\u00e1lneho minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu je v\u0161etko jednoduch\u0161ie, preto\u017ee m\u00e1 len jedno pravidlo.<\/p>\n<p>Sta\u010d\u00ed zobra\u0165 sloves\u00e1 vo form\u00e1lnom pr\u00edtomnom \u010dase a zmeni\u0165 slabiku\u00a0<acronym title=\"su\">\u3059<\/acronym>, ktor\u00fd sa nach\u00e1dza na konci v\u0161etk\u00fdch slovies, pr\u00edponou\u00a0<acronym title=\"shita\">\u3057\u305f<\/acronym>. Ni\u017e\u0161ie n\u00e1jdete pr\u00edklady rozdelen\u00e9 pod\u013ea skup\u00edn.<\/p>\n<h3>Skupina japonsk\u00fdch slovies zakon\u010den\u00fdch na u<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"matsu | po\u010dka\u0165\">\u5f85\u3064<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasu | po\u010dka\u0165\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimashita | \u010dakal\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kau | k\u00fapi\u0165\">\u8cb7\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasu | k\u00fapi\u0165\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimashita | k\u00fapil\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaku | nap\u00edsa\u0165\">\u66f8\u304f<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimasu | nap\u00edsa\u0165\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimashita | nap\u00edsal\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaeru | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasu | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimashita | vr\u00e1til\">\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"nomu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u3080<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimashita | pi\u0165\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"shinu | zomrie\u0165\">\u6b7b\u306c<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasu | zomrie\u0165\">\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimashita | zomrel\">\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina slovies zakon\u010den\u00fdch na iru a eru<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"Taberu | jes\u0165\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"Tabemasu | jes\u0165\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"Tabemashita | ate\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"zrkadlo | pozri\">\u898b\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasu | pozri\">\u898b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimashita | p\u00edla\">\u898b\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"oshieru | u\u010di\u0165\">\u6559\u3048\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasu | u\u010di\u0165\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemashita | u\u010dil\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"okiru | zobudi\u0165 sa\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasu | zobudi\u0165 sa\">\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimashita | zobudil\">\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina nepravideln\u00fdch slovies<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"suru | do\">\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasu | do\">\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"\u0161imashita | fez\">\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kuru | vir\">\u6765\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasu | vir\">\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimashita | pri\u0161iel\">\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Form\u00e1lny z\u00e1porn\u00fd pr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das japonsk\u00fdch slovies<\/h2>\n<p>Z\u00e1porn\u00fd pr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das japonsk\u00fdch slovies sa tie\u017e realizuje prostredn\u00edctvom jedin\u00e9ho pravidla, ktor\u00fdm sa z\u00edskava z\u00e1porn\u00fd minul\u00fd \u010das slovies \u010dasovan\u00fdch vo form\u00e1lnom pr\u00edtomnom \u010dase. V tomto pr\u00edpade sta\u010d\u00ed vzia\u0165 sloves\u00e1 vo form\u00e1lnom pr\u00edtomnom \u010dase a zmeni\u0165 slabiku\u00a0<acronym title=\"su\">\u3059<\/acronym>, ktor\u00fd sa nach\u00e1dza na konci v\u0161etk\u00fdch slovies, pr\u00edponou\u00a0<acronym title=\"sen\">\u305b\u3093<\/acronym>. Ni\u017e\u0161ie n\u00e1jdete pr\u00edklady rozdelen\u00e9 pod\u013ea skup\u00edn.<\/p>\n<h3>Skupina japonsk\u00fdch slovies zakon\u010den\u00fdch na u<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"matsu | po\u010dka\u0165\">\u5f85\u3064<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasu | po\u010dka\u0165\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasen | ne\u010dakajte\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kau | k\u00fapi\u0165\">\u8cb7\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasu | k\u00fapi\u0165\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasen | nekupujte\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaku | nap\u00edsa\u0165\">\u66f8\u304f<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimasu | nap\u00edsa\u0165\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom\u00a0<acronym title=\"akoimasen | nep\u00ed\u0161te\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaeru | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasu | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasen | nevraca\u0165\">\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"nomu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u3080<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasen | nepi\u0165\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"shinu | zomrie\u0165\">\u6b7b\u306c<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasu | zomrie\u0165\">\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasen | neumiera\">\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina slovies zakon\u010den\u00fdch na iru a eru<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"Taberu | jes\u0165\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"Tabemasu | jes\u0165\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"tabemasen | nejedzte\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"zrkadlo | pozri\">\u898b\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasu | pozri\">\u898b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasen | nevid\u00edm\">\u898b\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"oshieru | u\u010di\u0165\">\u6559\u3048\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasu | u\u010di\u0165\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasen | neu\u010di\u0165\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"okiru | zobudi\u0165 sa\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasu | zobudi\u0165 sa\">\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasen | nie je prebudenie\">\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina nepravideln\u00fdch slovies<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"suru | do\">\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasu | do\">\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasen | nerobi\u0165\">\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kuru | vir\">\u6765\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasu | vir\">\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasen | don&#039;t come\">\u6765\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Form\u00e1lny z\u00e1porn\u00fd minul\u00fd \u010das japonsk\u00fdch slovies<\/h2>\n<p>Form\u00e1lny z\u00e1porn\u00fd minul\u00fd \u010das je posledn\u00fdm \u010dasom tvaru\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a riadi sa rovnak\u00fdm pravidlom ako predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face konjug\u00e1cie, v\u017edy odvodzuje sloves\u00e1 od form\u00e1lneho pr\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu.<\/p>\n<p>Tentoraz zmen\u00edme slabiku\u00a0<acronym title=\"su\">\u3059<\/acronym>, ktor\u00fd sa nach\u00e1dza na konci v\u0161etk\u00fdch slovies \u010dasovan\u00fdch v pr\u00edtomnom \u010dase form\u00e1lnom, pr\u00edponou\u00a0<acronym title=\" sen deshita\">\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym>. Ni\u017e\u0161ie s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 pr\u00edklady rozdelen\u00e9 pod\u013ea skup\u00edn.<\/p>\n<h3>Skupina japonsk\u00fdch slovies zakon\u010den\u00fdch na u<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"matsu | po\u010dka\u0165\">\u5f85\u3064<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasu | po\u010dka\u0165\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasen deshita | ne\u010dakal\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kau | k\u00fapi\u0165\">\u8cb7\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasu | k\u00fapi\u0165\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasen deshita | nek\u00fapil\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaku | nap\u00edsa\u0165\">\u66f8\u304f<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimasu | nap\u00edsa\u0165\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimasen deshita | no nap\u00edsal\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaeru | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasu | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasen deshita | nevr\u00e1til\">\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"nomu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u3080<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasen deshita | nepil\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"shinu | zomrie\u0165\">\u6b7b\u306c<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasu | zomrie\u0165\">\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasen deshita | not dead\">\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina slovies zakon\u010den\u00fdch na iru a eru<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"Taberu | jes\u0165\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"Tabemasu | jes\u0165\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"tabemasen deshita | nejedol\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"zrkadlo | pozri\">\u898b\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasu | pozri\">\u898b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasen deshita | neviden\u00e9\">\u898b\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"oshieru | u\u010di\u0165\">\u6559\u3048\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasu | u\u010di\u0165\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasen deshita | nevyu\u010duje sa\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"okiru | zobudi\u0165 sa\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasu | zobudi\u0165 sa\">\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasen deshita | neprebuden\u00fd\">\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina nepravideln\u00fdch slovies<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"suru | do\">\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasu | do\">\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasen deshita | nie je hotov\u00e9\">\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kuru | vir\">\u6765\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasu | vir\">\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasen deshita | nepri\u0161iel\">\u6765\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Ako pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 v tvare masu<\/h2>\n<p>Rovnako ako v\u0161etky sloves\u00e1 v japonskom jazyku sa zvy\u010dajne pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na konci vety pod\u013ea v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho vzorca subjekt + objekt (priamy alebo nepriamy) + sloveso. Len nezabudnite pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 spr\u00e1vne \u010dastice, preto\u017ee bez nich vety \u00faplne str\u00e1caj\u00fa zmysel. Je to tak?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pr\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"watashi wa atarashii kuruma o kaimashita. | K\u00fapil som si nov\u00e9 auto.\">\u79c1\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u8eca\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kare wa pan o tabemasu | Jed\u00e1va chlieb.\">\u5f7c\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"ashita, kanojo wa nihon e ikimasu. Zajtra ide do Japonska.\">\u660e\u65e5\u3001\u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"watashitachi wa burajiru kara kimasen deshita | Nepri\u0161li sme z Braz\u00edlie.\">\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u30d6\u30e9\u30b8\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u6765\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Cvi\u010denie p\u00edsania kand\u017ei rukou<\/h2>\n<p>Ni\u017e\u0161ie s\u00fa uveden\u00e9\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/ako-pisat-japonske-pismena-kandzi\/\">Japonsk\u00e9 ideografick\u00e9 symboly<\/a>\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00e9 v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku. V\u00fdber po\u017eadovan\u00fdch kand\u017ei skop\u00edrujte a vlo\u017ete ich do\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/in\/imprimir-para-treinar-kanas-e-kanjis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pracovn\u00fd list na precvi\u010dovanie k\u00e1n a kand\u017ei<\/a>\u00a0otvor\u00ed sa nov\u00e9 okno, v ktorom si m\u00f4\u017eete prezrie\u0165 s\u00fabor na vytla\u010denie a precvi\u010di\u0165 si japonsk\u00fa kaligrafiu zakryt\u00edm siv\u00fdch symbolov a potom sa pok\u00fasi\u0165 p\u00edsa\u0165 sami. Sta\u010d\u00ed vytla\u010di\u0165 a cvi\u010di\u0165.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 133px\" border=\"0\" width=\"464\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5f85<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8cb7<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u66f8<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5e30<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u98f2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6b7b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u98df<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u898b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6559<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8d77<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6765<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u79c1<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u65b0<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8eca<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5f7c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u660e<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u65e5<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5973<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u672c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nau\u010dte sa o tvare masu japonsk\u00fdch slovies! Ak sme v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom \u010dl\u00e1nku objavili neform\u00e1lny tvar japonsk\u00fdch slovies, v dne\u0161nom \u010dl\u00e1nku sa zozn\u00e1mime s form\u00e1lnym tvarom, ktor\u00fd sa v japon\u010dine naz\u00fdva masu. Tvar<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1758,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/forma-masu-dos-verbos-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1741,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/verbos-aru-e-iru-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1756,"position":0},"title":"Sloves\u00e1 aru a iru v japon\u010dine","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Conhe\u00e7a mais detalhes sobre\u00a0os verbos aru e iru em japon\u00eas! Os verbos\u00a0\u3042\u308b\u00a0e\u00a0\u3044\u308b\u00a0s\u00e3o dois verbos em japon\u00eas que possuem o mesmo significado e podem ser usados da mesma forma. A diferen\u00e7a b\u00e1sica entre estes dois verbos \u00e9 que\u00a0\u3044\u308b\u00a0\u00e9 usado quando o sujeito da frase \u00e9 uma pessoa ou animal (objeto animado\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Os verbos aru e iru em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/verbos-aru-e-iru-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2132,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/forma-potencial-dos-verbos-japoneses\/","url_meta":{"origin":1756,"position":1},"title":"Potenci\u00e1lny tvar japonsk\u00fdch slovies","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"4 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda mais sobre\u00a0a forma potencial dos verbos japoneses! A estrat\u00e9gia de usar a express\u00e3o\u00a0\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u00a0\u00e9 apenas um caminho para expressar a capacidade de exercer uma habilidade. Por isso,\u00a0\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u00a0\u00e9 considerado um caminho de uso rotineiro e informal, voltado para conversas mais casuais. A forma potencial dos verbos japoneses Em ocasi\u00f5es onde precisamos\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"a forma potencial dos verbos japoneses","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/forma-potencial-dos-verbos-japoneses.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2103,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/verbos-em-japones-na-forma-tai\/","url_meta":{"origin":1756,"position":2},"title":"Japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 v tvare TAI","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"4 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Os verbos em japon\u00eas na forma TAI-\u00a0\u00a0\u305f\u3044\u00a0s\u00e3o usados para expressar o desejo de realizar uma atividade espec\u00edfica. Por causa disso, essa forma dos verbos em japon\u00eas se utiliza muito dos verbos de a\u00e7\u00e3o. Verbos em japon\u00eas na forma TAI O presente e os verbos na forma tai Para utilizar a\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Verbos em japon\u00eas na forma TAI - \u8cb7\u3044\u305f\u3044","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/verbos-em-japones-na-forma-tai.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2144,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/forma-mashou-dos-verbos-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1756,"position":3},"title":"Tvar slovesa ma\u0161\u00f3 v japon\u010dine","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"4 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"No artigo de hoje, vamos conhecer a forma mashou dos verbos em japon\u00eas. Uma conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o verbal que j\u00e1 usei v\u00e1rias vezes neste site. Ela \u00e9 uma express\u00e3o muito comum na\u00a0l\u00edngua japonesa\u00a0e \u00e9 bastante usada para fazer convites ou sugest\u00f5es. Apesar de n\u00e3o estar diretamente ligada ao futuro, a forma mashou\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Forma mashou dos verbos em japon\u00eas - \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/forma-mashou-dos-verbos-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2089,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/expressoes-verbais-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1756,"position":4},"title":"Slovn\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy v japon\u010dine","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Conhe\u00e7a mais sobre as\u00a0express\u00f5es verbais em japon\u00eas! No artigo de hoje, vamos conhecer algumas express\u00f5es verbais b\u00e1sicas e muito comuns na\u00a0l\u00edngua japonesa. Em alguns casos, vamos ver como criar v\u00e1rias express\u00f5es seguindo um mesmo padr\u00e3o para constru\u00e7\u00e3o de frases em japon\u00eas. E em outros casos, conhecer um pouco mais sobre\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Express\u00f5es verbais em japon\u00eas - \u306a\u308b","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/expressoes-verbais-em-japones-%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2447,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/como-formar-frases-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1756,"position":5},"title":"Ako tvori\u0165 vety v japon\u010dine","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"11 de okt\u00f3ber de 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda agora a\u00a0como formar frases em japon\u00eas! Formar frases em japon\u00eas\u00a0\u00e9 um processo simples do lado pr\u00e1tico, mas complexo do lado gramatical. Isso exige um vocabul\u00e1rio b\u00e1sico e um conhecimento m\u00ednimo de gram\u00e1tica japonesa. Como formar frases em japon\u00eas Como muitos leitores do\u00a0L\u00edngua Japonesa\u00a0me enviam e-mails com d\u00favidas sobre como\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Vocabul\u00e1rio japon\u00eas&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Vocabul\u00e1rio japon\u00eas","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/vocabulario-japones\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Como formar frases em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/nihongo_idioma.jpg?fit=477%2C296&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1756","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1756"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1756\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1758"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1756"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1756"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}