{"id":1756,"date":"2009-11-03T05:41:50","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T07:41:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1756"},"modified":"2018-03-12T00:15:39","modified_gmt":"2018-03-12T03:15:39","slug":"forma-masu-slovies-v-japoncine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/forma-masu-dos-verbos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Masu slovesn\u00e9 tvary v japon\u010dine"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Zozn\u00e1mte sa s <strong>tvar masu japonsk\u00fdch slovies<\/strong>!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>V predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom \u010dl\u00e1nku sme objavili\u00a0<a title=\"Neform\u00e1lny sp\u00f4sob pou\u017e\u00edvania slovies v japon\u010dine\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/modo-informal-dos-verbos-em-japones\/\">neform\u00e1lne japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1<\/a>V dne\u0161nom \u010dl\u00e1nku sa zozn\u00e1mime s form\u00e1lnym sp\u00f4sobom, ktor\u00fd sa v japon\u010dine naz\u00fdva forma masu.<\/p>\n<h2>Masu slovesn\u00e9 tvary v japon\u010dine<\/h2>\n<p>Ako sme u\u017e spom\u00ednali v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich \u010dl\u00e1nkoch, japonsk\u00fd jazyk m\u00e1 na rozdiel od mnoh\u00fdch in\u00fdch jazykov na svete hierarchick\u00e9 stupne. Preto existuj\u00fa slov\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 sa za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa a za in\u00fdch nie. Tento typ spr\u00e1vania je zn\u00e1my ako stupne form\u00e1lnosti a podobne ako mnoh\u00e9 slov\u00e1, aj japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 patria do tohto spr\u00e1vania.<\/p>\n<p class=\"orange\">Po prejden\u00ed kurzorom nad japonsk\u00e9 symboly sa zobraz\u00ed ich v\u00fdslovnos\u0165 a preklad.<\/p>\n<h2>Konjug\u00e1cia slovies v japon\u010dine<\/h2>\n<p>Ak chcete \u010dasova\u0165 japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 v tvare masu, mus\u00edte vedie\u0165, ako rozdeli\u0165 sloves\u00e1 do skup\u00edn, a pozna\u0165 rodiny hiragany a katakany. V z\u00e1vislosti od jednotliv\u00fdch skup\u00edn slovies sa pravidl\u00e1 pre \u010dasovanie japonsk\u00fdch slovies l\u00ed\u0161ia.<\/p>\n<p>Ak si nepam\u00e4t\u00e1te alebo chcete vedie\u0165 viac o tom, ako sa sloves\u00e1 delia do skup\u00edn, odpor\u00fa\u010dam v\u00e1m pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 si \u010dl\u00e1nok \"<a title=\"Skupiny japonsk\u00fdch slovies\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/skupiny-slovies-v-japoncine\/\">Skupiny slovies v japon\u010dine<\/a>\u201c.<\/p>\n<h2>Form\u00e1lny pr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das japonsk\u00fdch slovies<\/h2>\n<p>Form\u00e1lny pr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das japonsk\u00fdch slovies sa tvor\u00ed pridan\u00edm pr\u00edpony\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0v ka\u017edom zo slovies v\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/\">Japonsk\u00fd jazyk<\/a>. Ale to sa nerob\u00ed nijako, zvy\u010dajne sa to l\u00ed\u0161i pod\u013ea slovnej skupiny.<\/p>\n<h3>Skupina slovies zakon\u010den\u00fdch na u<\/h3>\n<p>Najzlo\u017eitej\u0161ou \u010das\u0165ou bude \u010dasovanie japonsk\u00fdch slovies zakon\u010den\u00fdch na u, preto\u017ee sklo\u0148ovanie slovies sa men\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti od ich koncovky.<\/p>\n<p>Strat\u00e9giou je zapam\u00e4ta\u0165 si v\u0161etky rodiny hiragan, zmeni\u0165 posledn\u00fa slabiku ka\u017ed\u00e9ho slovesa kon\u010diaceho na hl\u00e1sku \"u\" na slabiku tej istej rodiny kon\u010diacu na hl\u00e1sku \"i\" a prida\u0165 pr\u00edponu\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0po nej.<\/p>\n<p>Ak teda sloveso kon\u010d\u00ed na\u00a0<acronym title=\"mu\">\u3080<\/acronym>sa zmen\u00ed na\u00a0<acronym title=\"mi\">\u307f<\/acronym>\u00a0+\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>; ak sa kon\u010d\u00ed na\u00a0<acronym title=\"tsu\">\u3064<\/acronym>sa stane\u00a0<acronym title=\"chi\">\u3061<\/acronym>\u00a0+\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>; ak sa kon\u010d\u00ed na\u00a0<acronym title=\"ku\">\u304f<\/acronym>sa stane\u00a0<acronym title=\"ki\">\u304d<\/acronym>\u00a0+\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a tak \u010falej.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pr\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"matsu | po\u010dka\u0165\">\u5f85\u3064<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasu | po\u010dka\u0165\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kau | k\u00fapi\u0165\">\u8cb7\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasu | k\u00fapi\u0165\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaku | nap\u00edsa\u0165\">\u66f8\u304f<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimasu | nap\u00edsa\u0165\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaeru | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasu | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"nomu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u3080<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"shinu | zomrie\u0165\">\u6b7b\u306c<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasu | zomrie\u0165\">\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina slovies zakon\u010den\u00fdch na iru a eru<\/h3>\n<p>T\u00fato skupinu je najjednoduch\u0161ie konjugova\u0165. Sta\u010d\u00ed vymeni\u0165 koncovku ru za na\u0161e roz\u0161\u00edrenie\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>. Sta\u010d\u00ed sa pozrie\u0165 na nasleduj\u00face pr\u00edklady:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Taberu | jes\u0165\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"Tabemasu | jes\u0165\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"zrkadlo | pozri\">\u898b\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasu | pozri\">\u898b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"oshieru | u\u010di\u0165\">\u6559\u3048\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasu | u\u010di\u0165\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"okiru | zobudi\u0165 sa\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasu | zobudi\u0165 sa\">\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina nepravideln\u00fdch slovies<\/h3>\n<p>T\u00e1to skupina nem\u00e1 \u017eiadne pravidl\u00e1 konjug\u00e1cie. Najlep\u0161ie je zvykn\u00fa\u0165 si na ka\u017ed\u00fa z nich postupne.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pr\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"suru | do\">\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasu | do\">\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kuru | vir\">\u6765\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasu | vir\">\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Form\u00e1lny minul\u00fd \u010das japonsk\u00fdch slovies<\/h2>\n<p>Ke\u010f\u017ee u\u017e vieme, ako z\u00edska\u0165 tvar masu vo form\u00e1lnom pr\u00edtomnom \u010dase, teraz sa pok\u00fasime odvodi\u0165 form\u00e1lny pr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das pre ostatn\u00e9 japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1. V pr\u00edpade form\u00e1lneho minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu je v\u0161etko jednoduch\u0161ie, preto\u017ee m\u00e1 len jedno pravidlo.<\/p>\n<p>Sta\u010d\u00ed zobra\u0165 sloves\u00e1 vo form\u00e1lnom pr\u00edtomnom \u010dase a zmeni\u0165 slabiku\u00a0<acronym title=\"su\">\u3059<\/acronym>, ktor\u00fd sa nach\u00e1dza na konci v\u0161etk\u00fdch slovies, pr\u00edponou\u00a0<acronym title=\"shita\">\u3057\u305f<\/acronym>. Ni\u017e\u0161ie n\u00e1jdete pr\u00edklady rozdelen\u00e9 pod\u013ea skup\u00edn.<\/p>\n<h3>Skupina japonsk\u00fdch slovies zakon\u010den\u00fdch na u<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"matsu | po\u010dka\u0165\">\u5f85\u3064<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasu | po\u010dka\u0165\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimashita | \u010dakal\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kau | k\u00fapi\u0165\">\u8cb7\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasu | k\u00fapi\u0165\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimashita | k\u00fapil\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaku | nap\u00edsa\u0165\">\u66f8\u304f<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimasu | nap\u00edsa\u0165\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimashita | nap\u00edsal\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaeru | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasu | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimashita | vr\u00e1til\">\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"nomu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u3080<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimashita | pi\u0165\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"shinu | zomrie\u0165\">\u6b7b\u306c<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasu | zomrie\u0165\">\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimashita | zomrel\">\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina slovies zakon\u010den\u00fdch na iru a eru<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"Taberu | jes\u0165\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"Tabemasu | jes\u0165\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"Tabemashita | ate\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"zrkadlo | pozri\">\u898b\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasu | pozri\">\u898b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimashita | p\u00edla\">\u898b\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"oshieru | u\u010di\u0165\">\u6559\u3048\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasu | u\u010di\u0165\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemashita | u\u010dil\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"okiru | zobudi\u0165 sa\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasu | zobudi\u0165 sa\">\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimashita | zobudil\">\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina nepravideln\u00fdch slovies<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"suru | do\">\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasu | do\">\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"\u0161imashita | fez\">\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kuru | vir\">\u6765\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasu | vir\">\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimashita | pri\u0161iel\">\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<!--Ads10--><\/p>\n<h2>Form\u00e1lny z\u00e1porn\u00fd pr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das japonsk\u00fdch slovies<\/h2>\n<p>Z\u00e1porn\u00fd pr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das japonsk\u00fdch slovies sa tie\u017e realizuje prostredn\u00edctvom jedin\u00e9ho pravidla, ktor\u00fdm sa z\u00edskava z\u00e1porn\u00fd minul\u00fd \u010das slovies \u010dasovan\u00fdch vo form\u00e1lnom pr\u00edtomnom \u010dase. V tomto pr\u00edpade sta\u010d\u00ed vzia\u0165 sloves\u00e1 vo form\u00e1lnom pr\u00edtomnom \u010dase a zmeni\u0165 slabiku\u00a0<acronym title=\"su\">\u3059<\/acronym>, ktor\u00fd sa nach\u00e1dza na konci v\u0161etk\u00fdch slovies, pr\u00edponou\u00a0<acronym title=\"sen\">\u305b\u3093<\/acronym>. Ni\u017e\u0161ie n\u00e1jdete pr\u00edklady rozdelen\u00e9 pod\u013ea skup\u00edn.<\/p>\n<h3>Skupina japonsk\u00fdch slovies zakon\u010den\u00fdch na u<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"matsu | po\u010dka\u0165\">\u5f85\u3064<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasu | po\u010dka\u0165\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasen | ne\u010dakajte\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kau | k\u00fapi\u0165\">\u8cb7\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasu | k\u00fapi\u0165\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasen | nekupujte\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaku | nap\u00edsa\u0165\">\u66f8\u304f<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimasu | nap\u00edsa\u0165\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom\u00a0<acronym title=\"akoimasen | nep\u00ed\u0161te\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaeru | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasu | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasen | nevraca\u0165\">\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"nomu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u3080<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasen | nepi\u0165\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"shinu | zomrie\u0165\">\u6b7b\u306c<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasu | zomrie\u0165\">\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasen | neumiera\">\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina slovies zakon\u010den\u00fdch na iru a eru<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"Taberu | jes\u0165\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"Tabemasu | jes\u0165\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"tabemasen | nejedzte\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"zrkadlo | pozri\">\u898b\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasu | pozri\">\u898b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasen | nevid\u00edm\">\u898b\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"oshieru | u\u010di\u0165\">\u6559\u3048\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasu | u\u010di\u0165\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasen | neu\u010di\u0165\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"okiru | zobudi\u0165 sa\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasu | zobudi\u0165 sa\">\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasen | nie je prebudenie\">\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina nepravideln\u00fdch slovies<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"suru | do\">\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasu | do\">\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasen | nerobi\u0165\">\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kuru | vir\">\u6765\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasu | vir\">\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasen | don&#039;t come\">\u6765\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Form\u00e1lny z\u00e1porn\u00fd minul\u00fd \u010das japonsk\u00fdch slovies<\/h2>\n<p>Form\u00e1lny z\u00e1porn\u00fd minul\u00fd \u010das je posledn\u00fdm \u010dasom tvaru\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a riadi sa rovnak\u00fdm pravidlom ako predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face konjug\u00e1cie, v\u017edy odvodzuje sloves\u00e1 od form\u00e1lneho pr\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu.<\/p>\n<p>Tentoraz zmen\u00edme slabiku\u00a0<acronym title=\"su\">\u3059<\/acronym>, ktor\u00fd sa nach\u00e1dza na konci v\u0161etk\u00fdch slovies \u010dasovan\u00fdch v pr\u00edtomnom \u010dase form\u00e1lnom, pr\u00edponou\u00a0<acronym title=\" sen deshita\">\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym>. Ni\u017e\u0161ie s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 pr\u00edklady rozdelen\u00e9 pod\u013ea skup\u00edn.<\/p>\n<h3>Skupina japonsk\u00fdch slovies zakon\u010den\u00fdch na u<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"matsu | po\u010dka\u0165\">\u5f85\u3064<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasu | po\u010dka\u0165\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasen deshita | ne\u010dakal\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kau | k\u00fapi\u0165\">\u8cb7\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasu | k\u00fapi\u0165\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasen deshita | nek\u00fapil\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaku | nap\u00edsa\u0165\">\u66f8\u304f<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimasu | nap\u00edsa\u0165\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimasen deshita | no nap\u00edsal\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaeru | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasu | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasen deshita | nevr\u00e1til\">\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"nomu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u3080<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasen deshita | nepil\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"shinu | zomrie\u0165\">\u6b7b\u306c<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasu | zomrie\u0165\">\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasen deshita | not dead\">\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina slovies zakon\u010den\u00fdch na iru a eru<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"Taberu | jes\u0165\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"Tabemasu | jes\u0165\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"tabemasen deshita | nejedol\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"zrkadlo | pozri\">\u898b\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasu | pozri\">\u898b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasen deshita | neviden\u00e9\">\u898b\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"oshieru | u\u010di\u0165\">\u6559\u3048\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasu | u\u010di\u0165\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasen deshita | nevyu\u010duje sa\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"okiru | zobudi\u0165 sa\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasu | zobudi\u0165 sa\">\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasen deshita | neprebuden\u00fd\">\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina nepravideln\u00fdch slovies<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"suru | do\">\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasu | do\">\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasen deshita | nie je hotov\u00e9\">\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kuru | vir\">\u6765\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasu | vir\">\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a potom sa oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasen deshita | nepri\u0161iel\">\u6765\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Ako pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 v tvare masu<\/h2>\n<p>Rovnako ako v\u0161etky sloves\u00e1 v japonskom jazyku sa zvy\u010dajne pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na konci vety pod\u013ea v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho vzorca subjekt + objekt (priamy alebo nepriamy) + sloveso. Len nezabudnite pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 spr\u00e1vne \u010dastice, preto\u017ee bez nich vety \u00faplne str\u00e1caj\u00fa zmysel. Je to tak?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pr\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"watashi wa atarashii kuruma o kaimashita. | K\u00fapil som si nov\u00e9 auto.\">\u79c1\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u8eca\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kare wa pan o tabemasu | Jed\u00e1va chlieb.\">\u5f7c\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"ashita, kanojo wa nihon e ikimasu. Zajtra ide do Japonska.\">\u660e\u65e5\u3001\u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"watashitachi wa burajiru kara kimasen deshita | Nepri\u0161li sme z Braz\u00edlie.\">\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u30d6\u30e9\u30b8\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u6765\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Cvi\u010denie p\u00edsania kand\u017ei rukou<\/h2>\n<p>Ni\u017e\u0161ie s\u00fa uveden\u00e9\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/ako-pisat-japonske-pismena-kandzi\/\">Japonsk\u00e9 ideografick\u00e9 symboly<\/a>\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00e9 v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku. V\u00fdber po\u017eadovan\u00fdch kand\u017ei skop\u00edrujte a vlo\u017ete ich do\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/in\/imprimir-para-treinar-kanas-e-kanjis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pracovn\u00fd list na precvi\u010dovanie k\u00e1n a kand\u017ei<\/a>\u00a0otvor\u00ed sa nov\u00e9 okno, v ktorom si m\u00f4\u017eete prezrie\u0165 s\u00fabor na vytla\u010denie a precvi\u010di\u0165 si japonsk\u00fa kaligrafiu zakryt\u00edm siv\u00fdch symbolov a potom sa pok\u00fasi\u0165 p\u00edsa\u0165 sami. Sta\u010d\u00ed vytla\u010di\u0165 a cvi\u010di\u0165.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 133px\" border=\"0\" width=\"464\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5f85<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8cb7<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u66f8<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5e30<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u98f2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6b7b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u98df<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u898b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6559<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8d77<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6765<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u79c1<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u65b0<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8eca<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5f7c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u660e<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u65e5<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5973<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u672c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nau\u010dte sa o tvare masu japonsk\u00fdch slovies! Ak sme v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom \u010dl\u00e1nku objavili neform\u00e1lny tvar japonsk\u00fdch slovies, v dne\u0161nom \u010dl\u00e1nku sa zozn\u00e1mime s form\u00e1lnym tvarom, ktor\u00fd sa v japon\u010dine naz\u00fdva masu. Tvar<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1758,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1756","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1756"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1756\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1758"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1756"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1756"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}