{"id":2132,"date":"2009-11-04T06:32:27","date_gmt":"2009-11-04T08:32:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2132"},"modified":"2018-03-18T21:18:41","modified_gmt":"2018-03-19T00:18:41","slug":"potencialny-tvar-japonskych-slovies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/forma-potencial-dos-verbos-japoneses\/","title":{"rendered":"Potenci\u00e1lny tvar japonsk\u00fdch slovies"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zistite viac o\u00a0potenci\u00e1lny tvar japonsk\u00fdch slovies<\/strong>!<\/em><\/p>\n

Strat\u00e9gia pou\u017e\u00edvania v\u00fdrazu\u00a0\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0je len jedn\u00fdm zo sp\u00f4sobov vyjadrenia schopnosti vykon\u00e1va\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00fa zru\u010dnos\u0165. Preto,\u00a0\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0sa pova\u017euje za sp\u00f4sob be\u017en\u00e9ho a neform\u00e1lneho pou\u017e\u00edvania, ktor\u00fd je zameran\u00fd na be\u017en\u00fa konverz\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n

Potenci\u00e1lny tvar japonsk\u00fdch slovies<\/h2>\n

V pr\u00edpadoch, ke\u010f potrebujeme by\u0165 form\u00e1lni, je najlep\u0161ie pou\u017ei\u0165 potenci\u00e1lny tvar japonsk\u00fdch slovies. Ve\u013ek\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom je, \u017ee potenci\u00e1lny tvar vytv\u00e1ra nov\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 v slovn\u00edkovej podobe. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee tieto nov\u00e9 sloves\u00e1, teraz u\u017e v potenci\u00e1lnej forme, sa daj\u00fa konjugova\u0165 v slovn\u00edku.\u00a0slovn\u00edkov\u00e1 forma<\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0tvar masky<\/a>\u010do je e\u0161te form\u00e1lnej\u0161ie. Povedal som, \u017ee je to najlep\u0161\u00ed sp\u00f4sob, nepovedal som, \u017ee je najjednoduch\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tvorenie slovies v potenci\u00e1lnom tvare<\/h3>\n

Ke\u010f hovor\u00edm o \"vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed slovies v potenci\u00e1lnom tvare\", hovor\u00edm o pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed existuj\u00facich gramatick\u00fdch pravidiel na tvorbu t\u00fdchto slovies, nie o vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed japonsk\u00fdch slovies zo vzduchu. Nech\u00e1pte ma zle, dobre?<\/p>\n

Najsk\u00f4r mus\u00edme rozdeli\u0165 japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 do skup\u00edn, preto\u017ee potenci\u00e1lny tvar japonsk\u00fdch slovies je pre ka\u017ed\u00fa skupinu in\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Ak si potrebujete pripomen\u00fa\u0165 alebo nepozn\u00e1te pravidl\u00e1 delenia japonsk\u00fdch slovies do skup\u00edn, odpor\u00fa\u010dam pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 si \u010dl\u00e1nok \"Japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 a ich skupiny<\/a>\u201c.<\/p>\n

Potenci\u00e1lny tvar slovesa u<\/h3>\n

Pokia\u013e ide o sloves\u00e1 zakon\u010den\u00e9 na\u00a0\u3046<\/acronym>Pri prvej skupine slovies nie je tvorenie potenci\u00e1lneho sp\u00f4sobu tak\u00e9 zlo\u017eit\u00e9, hoci sa l\u00ed\u0161i v z\u00e1vislosti od koncovky jednotliv\u00fdch slovies.<\/p>\n

V\u0161eobecn\u00fdm pravidlom je v\u017edy nahradi\u0165 posledn\u00fa slabiku slovesa slabikou z tej istej rodiny ako sloveso.\u00a0hiragana<\/a>\u00a0ktor\u00e9 obsahuje p\u00edsmeno \"e\", a pridan\u00edm pr\u00edpony\u00a0\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0na konci.<\/p>\n

Ak teda sloveso kon\u010d\u00ed slabikou\u00a0\u3080<\/acronym>vymie\u0148ame si\u00a0\u3080<\/acronym>\u00a0pod\u013ea\u00a0\u3081\u308b<\/acronym>. Ak sa kon\u010d\u00ed slovom\u00a0\u3064<\/acronym>zmen\u00edme\u00a0\u3064<\/acronym>\u00a0pod\u013ea\u00a0\u3066\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0a tak \u010falej.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u66f8\u304f\u00a0<\/acronym>oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0\u66f8\u3051\u308b<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u8a71\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u8cb7\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0\u8cb7\u3048\u308b<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Potenci\u00e1lny tvar slovies iru a eru<\/h3>\n

Pre sloves\u00e1 kon\u010diace na\u00a0\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0alebo\u00a0\u3048\u308b<\/acronym>druhej skupiny slovies sta\u010d\u00ed nahradi\u0165 koncovku\u00a0\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0ukon\u010den\u00edm\u00a0\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u898b\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Bu\u010fte opatrn\u00ed<\/h3>\n

V mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch je koniec\u00a0\u3089<\/acronym>\u00a0tejto skupiny slovies mo\u017eno jednoducho ignorova\u0165. T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom sa sloves\u00e1 ako napr.\u00a0\u898b\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 podobu\u00a0\u898b\u308c\u308b<\/acronym>namiesto\u00a0\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/acronym>. Je potrebn\u00e9 si uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee tento typ \u00fapravy sa zvy\u010dajne vyskytuje v neform\u00e1lnych rozhovoroch a pr\u00edle\u017eitostne.<\/p>\n

Potenci\u00e1lny tvar nepravideln\u00fdch slovies<\/h3>\n

Ako v\u017edy, pre nepravideln\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 neexistuj\u00fa \u017eiadne pravidl\u00e1. Mus\u00edte sa ich nau\u010di\u0165 naspam\u00e4\u0165. Ni\u017e\u0161ie je uveden\u00e1 konjug\u00e1cia dvoch naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edch nepravideln\u00fdch slovies.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edklad:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u6765\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010di\u0165\u00a0\u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/acronym>
\n<\/p>\n

Realiz\u00e1cia slovesnej v\u00e4zby potenci\u00e1lneho tvaru<\/h2>\n

V\u0161imnite si, \u017ee vy\u0161\u0161ie op\u00edsan\u00fd potenci\u00e1lny tvar je ekvivalentn\u00fd pr\u00edtomn\u00e9mu afirmat\u00edvu jednoduch\u00e9ho tvaru japonsk\u00fdch slovies. Preto sa m\u00f4\u017eu \u010dasova\u0165 v jednoduchom aj v masovom tvare japonsk\u00fdch slovies. Zd\u00e1 sa v\u00e1m to zlo\u017eit\u00e9? Ani nie.<\/p>\n

Sta\u010d\u00ed sa riadi\u0165 rovnak\u00fdmi konjuga\u010dn\u00fdmi pravidlami, aby ste sloves\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 sme sa dnes nau\u010dili, zaradili do ostatn\u00fdch slovesn\u00fdch \u010dasov, \u010di u\u017e v tvare masu alebo v slovn\u00edkovom tvare. Napr\u00edklad sloveso\u00a0\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0v z\u00e1pornom tvare jednoduch\u00e9ho tvaru sa st\u00e1va\u00a0\u8a71\u305b\u306a\u3044<\/acronym>\u00a0a v negat\u00edvnom m\u00f3de formy masu sa st\u00e1va\u00a0\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n

Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee pr\u00e1ve kv\u00f4li tejto obrovskej variabilite konjug\u00e1ci\u00ed je potenci\u00e1lny tvar japonsk\u00fdch slovies tak\u00fd m\u00e4t\u00faci. Pre m\u0148a to dnes u\u017e nie je tak\u00e9 zlo\u017eit\u00e9 ako kedysi. A d\u00fafam, \u017ee je to tak aj pre v\u00e1s.<\/p>\n

Ak m\u00e1te z\u00e1ujem, pozrite si \u010dl\u00e1nok na\u00a0Japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 v neform\u00e1lnom tvare<\/a>a v \u010dl\u00e1nku o\u00a0tvar masu japonsk\u00fdch slovies<\/a>a vysk\u00fa\u0161ajte \u010dasova\u0165 niektor\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 uveden\u00e9 v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku v potenci\u00e1lnom tvare. M\u00f4\u017ee to pom\u00f4c\u0165 objasni\u0165 my\u0161lienky.<\/p>\n

Pou\u017e\u00edvanie potenci\u00e1lneho tvaru japonsk\u00fdch slovies<\/h2>\n

V nasleduj\u00facich vet\u00e1ch si v\u0161imnite, \u017ee nie je \u017eiadnou z\u00e1hadou, ako pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 japonsk\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 v potenci\u00e1lnom tvare, ktor\u00e9 vyjadruj\u00fa schopnos\u0165 by\u0165 schopn\u00fd nie\u010do urobi\u0165. Sta\u010d\u00ed spoji\u0165 sloveso v pr\u00edslu\u0161nom tvare a prida\u0165 ho na koniec japonsk\u00fdch viet.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f\u017ee vyjadruje schopnos\u0165 alebo stav, a nie \u010dinnos\u0165, mnoh\u00e9 gramatiky u\u010dia, \u017ee potenci\u00e1lna forma nem\u00e1 priamy predmet. Preto je v\u0161eobecn\u00fdm pravidlom pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 \u010dastice\u00a0\u304c<\/acronym>\u00a0pred slovesom, kde sa zvy\u010dajne pou\u017e\u00edva \u010dastica\u00a0\u3092<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edklad:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5bff\u53f8\u304c\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u82f1\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u516d\u6642\u306b\u8d77\u304d\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Hoci toto pravidlo odpor\u00fa\u010da nepou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 \u010dastice\u00a0\u3092<\/acronym>Vety s n\u00edm som na\u0161iel vo svojich \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch. V\u010faka pr\u00edspevkom \u010ditate\u013eov japonsk\u00e9ho jazyka som zistil, \u017ee tento pr\u00edpad m\u00f4\u017ee s\u00favisie\u0165 so synkopou aru.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1le neviem vysvetli\u0165, ako sa to deje, ale ke\u010f je potenci\u00e1lne sloveso hlavn\u00fdm slovesom vo vete, m\u00f4\u017ee strati\u0165 zmysel schopnosti a sta\u0165 sa oby\u010dajn\u00fdm slovesom. V tak\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch sa \u010dastica\u00a0\u3092<\/acronym>\u00a0by sa op\u00e4\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edval norm\u00e1lne.<\/p>\n

Upozor\u0148ujeme, \u017ee ide len o te\u00f3riu. Bohu\u017eia\u013e sa mi nepodarilo potvrdi\u0165, \u010di je to pravda alebo nie. Preto v\u00e1m odpor\u00fa\u010dam, aby ste sa na\u010falej riadili vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fdm pravidlom a v\u017edy pou\u017e\u00edvali \u010dasticu\u00a0\u304c<\/acronym>\u00a0pred slovesami v potenci\u00e1lnom tvare. Ak to\u013eko \u013eud\u00ed odpor\u00fa\u010da nepou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 \u010dastice\u00a0\u3092<\/acronym>\u00a0vo vet\u00e1ch s t\u00fdmito slovesami mus\u00ed by\u0165 d\u00f4vod, a to je pravidlo, ktor\u00fdm sa moment\u00e1lne riadim.<\/p>\n

Ak niektor\u00ed \u010ditatelia vedia o nie\u010dom, \u010do by mohlo t\u00fato ot\u00e1zku objasni\u0165, nev\u00e1hajte sa ozva\u0165 a prispie\u0165. OK? Taktie\u017e, ak to nie je prive\u013emi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9, r\u00e1d by som z\u00edskal odkazy alebo linky na miesta, kde sa daj\u00fa n\u00e1js\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie inform\u00e1cie o tejto t\u00e9me. Ak v priebehu \u0161t\u00fadia nie\u010do zist\u00edm, tento \u010dl\u00e1nok op\u00e4\u0165 aktualizujem.<\/p>\n

Ni\u017e\u0161ie uv\u00e1dzam nieko\u013eko pr\u00edkladov viet, ktor\u00e9 by mali by\u0165 nespr\u00e1vne, ale ktor\u00e9 som na\u0161iel pri sk\u00faman\u00ed potenci\u00e1lneho tvaru japonsk\u00fdch slovies.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u79c1\u306e\u53cb\u9054\u306f\u624b\u7d19\u3092\u66f8\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u5f7c\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u305b\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n

D\u00fafam, \u017ee som sa v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku vyjadril jasne.
\n\u307e\u305f\u306d\uff01<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161ie \u010dl\u00e1nky o potenci\u00e1lnom tvare japonsk\u00fdch slovies:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0POMOCN\u00c9 SLOVES\u00c1 - \u300c\u308c\u308b\u300d A \u300c\u3089\u308c\u308b\u300d<\/a><\/p>\n

Sloves\u00e1 - potenci\u00e1lny tvar - \u53ef\u80fd\u5f62 - Kanou Kei<\/a><\/p>\n

Cvi\u010denie p\u00edsania kand\u017ei rukou<\/h2>\n

Ni\u017e\u0161ie s\u00fa uveden\u00e9\u00a0Japonsk\u00e9 ideografick\u00e9 symboly<\/a>\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00e9 v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku. V\u00fdber po\u017eadovan\u00fdch kand\u017ei skop\u00edrujte a vlo\u017ete ich do\u00a0Pracovn\u00fd list na precvi\u010dovanie k\u00e1n a kand\u017ei<\/a>\u00a0otvor\u00ed sa nov\u00e9 okno, v ktorom si m\u00f4\u017eete prezrie\u0165 s\u00fabor na vytla\u010denie a precvi\u010di\u0165 si japonsk\u00fa kaligrafiu zakryt\u00edm siv\u00fdch symbolov a potom sa pok\u00fasi\u0165 p\u00edsa\u0165 sami. Sta\u010d\u00ed vytla\u010di\u0165 a cvi\u010di\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u8cb7<\/td>\n\u66f8<\/td>\n\u8a71<\/td>\n\u898b<\/td>\n\u98df<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6765<\/td>\n\u5bff<\/td>\n\u53f8<\/td>\n\u82f1<\/td>\n\u8a9e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5f7c<\/td>\n\u5973<\/td>\n\u516d<\/td>\n\u6642<\/td>\n\u8d77<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u79c1<\/td>\n\u53cb<\/td>\n\u9054<\/td>\n\u624b<\/td>\n\u7d19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u65e5<\/td>\n\u672c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zistite viac o potenci\u00e1lnom tvare japonsk\u00fdch slovies! Strat\u00e9gia pou\u017e\u00edvania v\u00fdrazu \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b je len jedn\u00fdm zo sp\u00f4sobov vyjadrenia schopnosti vykon\u00e1va\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00fa zru\u010dnos\u0165. Z tohto d\u00f4vodu sa \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b pova\u017euje za sp\u00f4sob jeho be\u017en\u00e9ho a neform\u00e1lneho pou\u017e\u00edvania,<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":2134,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2132","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2132","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2132"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2132\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2134"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2132"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2132"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2132"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}