{"id":2140,"date":"2009-11-04T06:36:29","date_gmt":"2009-11-04T08:36:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2140"},"modified":"2026-08-15T23:36:43","modified_gmt":"2026-08-16T02:36:43","slug":"ako-nieco-povolit-a-zakazat-v-japoncine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/como-permitir-e-proibir-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako po\u017eiada\u0165 o povolenie a zak\u00e1za\u0165 v japon\u010dine: \u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044 a \u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ak chcete po\u017eiada\u0165 o povolenie po japonsky, pou\u017eite sloveso v tvare \u3066, za ktor\u00fdm nasleduje <strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/span><\/strong>: <span lang=\"ja\">\u5ea7\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/span> znamen\u00e1 \u201cM\u00f4\u017eem si sadn\u00fa\u0165?\u201d. Ak chcete poveda\u0165, \u017ee \u010dinnos\u0165 nie je povolen\u00e1, z\u00e1kladn\u00fd vzor je <strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/strong> alebo <strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u306f\u3060\u3081\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/strong>. Hlavn\u00fd rozdiel je medzi ot\u00e1zkou, \u010di je nie\u010do povolen\u00e9, a stanoven\u00edm z\u00e1kazu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tieto kon\u0161trukcie z\u00e1visia od <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/form-your-eyes-in-japan\/\">tvaru \u3066 japonsk\u00fdch slovies<\/a>. Ke\u010f viete vytvori\u0165 <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3066<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3093\u3067<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3057\u3066<\/span>, m\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 vzory z tejto pr\u00edru\u010dky na mnoh\u00e9 sloves\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Povolenie a z\u00e1kaz v japon\u010dine: r\u00fdchly preh\u013ead<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Funkcia<\/th><th>\u0160trukt\u00fara<\/th><th>Pr\u00edklad<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\u017diada\u0165 o povolenie<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066 + \u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5165\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Ude\u013eova\u0165 povolenie<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066 + \u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5165\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Zdvorilo zak\u00e1za\u0165<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066 + \u306f\u3044\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5165\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Poveda\u0165, \u017ee nem\u00f4\u017eete<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066 + \u306f\u3060\u3081\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5165\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3060\u3081\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Zak\u00e1za\u0165 neform\u00e1lne<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3061\u3083\uff0fV\u3058\u3083 + \u3060\u3081<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5165\u3063\u3061\u3083\u3060\u3081<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>V tabu\u013eke, <strong>V\u3066<\/strong> predstavuje sloveso v tvare \u3066. \u010castica <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f<\/span>, p\u00edsan\u00e1 hiraganou <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f<\/span> a vyslovovan\u00e1 <em>wa<\/em> v tejto funkcii, sa z\u00fa\u010dast\u0148uje na kon\u0161trukci\u00e1ch z\u00e1kazu. Ak tento rozdiel st\u00e1le sp\u00f4sobuje pochybnosti, pozrite si pr\u00edru\u010dku <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/zakladne-castice-v-japoncine\/\">z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch japonsk\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Ako po\u017eiada\u0165 o povolenie pomocou \u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/h2>\n\n<p>Naju\u017eito\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed vzorec pre za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edkov je:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">sloveso v tvare \u3066 + \u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/span> prid\u00e1va k slovesu my\u0161lienku \u201cje v poriadku, ak urob\u00edm?\u201d. Vysvetlenie <a href=\"https:\/\/www.erin.jpf.go.jp\/materials\/key-phrases\/download\/erin_lesson10_key-phrases_explanation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japan Foundation o tom, ako po\u017eiada\u0165 o povolenie<\/a> predstavuje presne tento vzorec a ukazuje kladn\u00e9 a z\u00e1porn\u00e9 odpovede pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v re\u00e1lnych situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053\u306b\u5ea7\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Koko ni suwatte mo ii desu ka?<\/em><br \/>\nM\u00f4\u017eem si sem sadn\u00fa\u0165?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u8f9e\u66f8\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kono jisho o tsukatte mo ii desu ka?<\/em><br \/>\nM\u00f4\u017eem pou\u017ei\u0165 tento slovn\u00edk?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u7a93\u3092\u958b\u3051\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Mado o akete mo ii desu ka?<\/em><br \/>\nM\u00f4\u017eem otvori\u0165 okno?<\/p>\n\n<p>Ke\u010f\u017ee veta u\u017e kon\u010d\u00ed na <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/span>, nie je potrebn\u00e9 prid\u00e1va\u0165 \u010fal\u0161iu opytovaciu \u010dasticu. \u010cl\u00e1nok o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/ako-klast-otazky-po-japonsky\/\">ako kl\u00e1s\u0165 ot\u00e1zky v japon\u010dine<\/a> vysvet\u013euje \u00falohu <span lang=\"ja\">\u304b<\/span> v in\u00fdch typoch ot\u00e1zok.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Neform\u00e1lne a zdvorilej\u0161ie formy<\/h3>\n\n<p>Medzi priate\u013emi je be\u017en\u00e9 vynecha\u0165 <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/span> a pou\u017ei\u0165 iba <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\uff1f<\/span>. V profesion\u00e1lnej konverz\u00e1cii alebo pri \u017eiadan\u00ed o nie\u010do citliv\u00e9, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b<\/span> znie zdvorilej\u0161ie. Materi\u00e1l <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_contents_en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori Elementary 1, od Japan Foundation<\/a>, rozli\u0161uje <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/span> z <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b<\/span> pri \u017eiadostiach o povolenie v pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u3001\u898b\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\uff1f<\/span> \u2014 M\u00f4\u017eem sa na to pozrie\u0165? Neform\u00e1lna forma.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5c11\u3057\u65e9\u304f\u5e30\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span> \u2014 M\u00f4\u017eem od\u00eds\u0165 trochu sk\u00f4r? Zdvoril\u00e1 forma.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u65e5\u3001\u4f11\u3093\u3067\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Bolo by mo\u017en\u00e9, aby som zajtra ch\u00fdbal? Zdvorilej\u0161ia forma.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Ako udeli\u0165 alebo odmietnu\u0165 povolenie<\/h2>\n\n<p>Na autoriz\u00e1ciu akcie m\u00f4\u017eete odpoveda\u0165 <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f\u3044\u3001\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3088<\/span> (\u201c\u00c1no, m\u00f4\u017eete\u201d) alebo <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u3046\u305e<\/span> (\u201cNech sa p\u00e1\u010di\u201d). Je tie\u017e mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 kladn\u00fa kon\u0161trukciu <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">Tu m\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 foti\u0165.<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Koko de shashin o totte mo ii desu yo.<\/em><br \/>\nTu m\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 foti\u0165.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u3082\u304b\u307e\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span> vyjadruje \u201cnie je probl\u00e9m, ak to urob\u00ed\u0161\u201d a m\u00f4\u017ee sa objavi\u0165 vo form\u00e1lnych kontextoch:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">T\u00fato stoli\u010dku m\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 pou\u017ei\u0165.<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kono seki o tsukatte mo kamaimasen.<\/em><br \/>\nNie je probl\u00e9m pou\u017ei\u0165 toto sedadlo.<\/p>\n\n<p>Pri odmietnut\u00ed \u017eiadosti bez toho, aby to znelo hrubo, odpovede ako <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3001\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u2026\u2026<\/span> alebo kr\u00e1tke vysvetlenie m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 prirodzenej\u0161ie ako jednoduch\u00e9 <span lang=\"ja\">\u3044\u3044\u3048<\/span>. V pravidl\u00e1ch, upozorneniach a situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa jasnos\u0165, je v\u0161ak priamy z\u00e1kaz vhodn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads6-->\n\n<h2>Ako zak\u00e1za\u0165 pomocou \u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093 a \u3066\u306f\u3060\u3081\u3067\u3059<\/h2>\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara z\u00e1kazu je:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">sloveso v tvare \u3066 + \u306f + \u3044\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span> informuje, \u017ee \u010dinnos\u0165 nie je povolen\u00e1. Anal\u00fdza <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpf.go.jp\/j\/project\/japanese\/teach\/tsushin\/grammar\/201603.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japan Foundation o in\u0161trukci\u00e1ch, pr\u00edkazoch a z\u00e1kazoch<\/a> poznamen\u00e1va, \u017ee <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044<\/span> je jasn\u00e1 a siln\u00e1 forma z\u00e1kazu. Preto z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na kontexte a vz\u0165ahu medzi \u013eu\u010fmi.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">Tu sa nesmie faj\u010di\u0165.<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Koko de tabako o sutte wa ikemasen.<\/em><br \/>\nTu sa nesmie faj\u010di\u0165.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">Do tejto miestnosti sa nesmie vst\u00fapi\u0165.<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kono heya ni haitte wa ikemasen.<\/em><br \/>\nDo tejto miestnosti sa nesmie vst\u00fapi\u0165.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u306f\u3060\u3081\u3067\u3059<\/span> tie\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee sa nie\u010do nesmie robi\u0165. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u306f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span> je form\u00e1lnej\u0161ie a objavuje sa najm\u00e4 v pravidl\u00e1ch, predpisoch a p\u00edsomnom jazyku.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a66\u9a13\u4e2d\u306b\u8f9e\u66f8\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3060\u3081\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Po\u010das sk\u00fa\u0161ky nesmie\u0161 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 slovn\u00edk.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053\u306b\u8eca\u3092\u6b62\u3081\u3066\u306f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Tu je zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 parkova\u0165 auto.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>Hovorov\u00e9 kontrakcie: \u3061\u3083\u3060\u3081 a \u3058\u3083\u3060\u3081<\/h3>\n\n<p>V neform\u00e1lnej re\u010di, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u306f<\/span> sa m\u00f4\u017ee stiahnu\u0165 na <span lang=\"ja\">\u3061\u3083<\/span>, zatia\u013e \u010do <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u306f<\/span> sa m\u00f4\u017ee zmeni\u0165 na <span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083<\/span>. Tak\u017ee, <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3066\u306f\u3060\u3081<\/span> sa st\u00e1va <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3061\u3083\u3060\u3081<\/span>, e <span lang=\"ja\">\u98f2\u3093\u3067\u306f\u3060\u3081<\/span> sa st\u00e1va <span lang=\"ja\">\u98f2\u3093\u3058\u3083\u3060\u3081<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">Tu sa nesmie jes\u0165.<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Koko de tabecha dame.<\/em><br \/>\nNem\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 tu jes\u0165.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">T\u00fato vodu pi\u0165 nesmie\u0161.<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>T\u00fato vodu pi\u0165 nesmie\u0161.<\/em><br \/>\nNepi t\u00fato vodu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tieto kontrakcie s\u00fa v konverz\u00e1cii prirodzen\u00e9, ale m\u00f4\u017eu znie\u0165 silno. S nezn\u00e1mymi \u013eu\u010fmi alebo pri obsluhe uprednostnite zdvoril\u00fa formu alebo vysvetlite d\u00f4vod.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Povolenie nie je to ist\u00e9 ako schopnos\u0165<\/h2>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044<\/span> sa t\u00fdka <strong>povolenia<\/strong>; <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> alebo potenci\u00e1lna forma sa t\u00fdkaj\u00fa hlavne <strong>schopnosti alebo mo\u017enosti<\/strong>. Porovnajte:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">Tu sa m\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 k\u00fapa\u0165.<\/span> \u2014 Tu sa m\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 k\u00fapa\u0165.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">Tu sa m\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 k\u00fapa\u0165.<\/span> \u2014 Tu sa m\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 k\u00fapa\u0165.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>V portugal\u010dine m\u00f4\u017eu obe vety obsahova\u0165 \u201cm\u00f4c\u0165\u201d, ale ot\u00e1zka za nimi je in\u00e1: \u201cm\u00e1m povolenie?\u201d alebo \u201cje to mo\u017en\u00e9?\u201d. Pozrite si \u00fapln\u00e9 vysvetlenie <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/koto-ga-dekiru-power-a-no-power-v-japoncine\/\">koto ga dekiru pre schopnos\u0165 a mo\u017enos\u0165<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Tri rozdiely, ktor\u00e9 zabr\u00e1nia chyb\u00e1m<\/h2>\n\n<h3>\u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093 versus \u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span> tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee \u010dinnos\u0165 je zak\u00e1zan\u00e1. <span lang=\"ja\">V\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span> \u017eiada, aby osoba nie\u010do nerobila. Druh\u00e1 forma je negat\u00edvna \u017eiados\u0165 a m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vhodnej\u0161ia, ke\u010f hovor\u00edte priamo s niek\u00fdm. Sprievodca <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/imperativne-frazy-v-japoncine\/\">rozkazovac\u00edmi vetami a \u017eiados\u0165ami v japon\u010dine<\/a> zobrazuje \u010fal\u0161ie mo\u017enosti a ich \u00farovne sily.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">Tu sa nesmie fotografova\u0165.<\/span> \u2014 Nie je dovolen\u00e9 tu fotografova\u0165.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">Tu nefotografujte, pros\u00edm.<\/span> \u2014 Pros\u00edm, nefotografujte tu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>\u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093 versus \u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">V\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span> neznamen\u00e1 \u201cnem\u00f4\u017ee\u0161\u201d. Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee <strong>nie je potrebn\u00e9<\/strong> vykona\u0165 akciu.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u6765\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Dnes nemus\u00ed\u0161 pr\u00eds\u0165.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u6765\u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Dnes nem\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 pr\u00eds\u0165.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>Neodstra\u0148ujte \u3082 v \u017eiadnom kontexte<\/h3>\n\n<p>V re\u010di m\u00f4\u017eete po\u010du\u0165 <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3044\u3044\uff1f<\/span> namiesto <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\uff1f<\/span>. Pre za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edkov ponechanie <span lang=\"ja\">\u3082<\/span> pom\u00e1ha rozpozna\u0165 \u0161trukt\u00faru a zabra\u0148uje roz\u0161\u00edreniu vynechania do kontextov, kde to neznie prirodzene.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Mini dial\u00f3g: \u017eiadanie o povolenie<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u5199\u771f\u3092\u64ae\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Sumimasen, koko de shashin o totte mo ii desu ka?<\/em><br \/>\nPrep\u00e1\u010dte, m\u00f4\u017eem tu fotografova\u0165?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u7533\u3057\u8a33\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u9928\u5185\u3067\u306f\u5199\u771f\u3092\u64ae\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>M\u014dshiwake arimasen. Kannai de wa shashin o totte wa ikemasen.<\/em><br \/>\nOspravedl\u0148ujem sa, v budove nie je dovolen\u00e9 fotografova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n<p>Dial\u00f3g sp\u00e1ja zdvoril\u00fa \u017eiados\u0165 s jasn\u00fdm z\u00e1kazom a kr\u00e1tkym ospravedlnen\u00edm. Tento vzor funguje v obchodoch, m\u00faze\u00e1ch, \u0161kol\u00e1ch a na in\u00fdch miestach s vlastn\u00fdmi pravidlami.<\/p>\n\n<h2>R\u00fdchle cvi\u010denie<\/h2>\n\n<p>Dopl\u0148te vety najvhodnej\u0161ou mo\u017enos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053\u306b\u5ea7\u3063\u3066\uff08\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff09\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span> \u2014 M\u00f4\u017eem si sem sadn\u00fa\u0165?<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u90e8\u5c4b\u306b\u5165\u3063\u3066\u306f\uff08\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff09\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Do tejto miestnosti sa nesmie vst\u00fapi\u0165.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u65e5\u306f\u6765\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\uff08\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff09\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Zajtra nemus\u00ed\u0161 pr\u00eds\u0165.<\/li>\n<li>Transformujte <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3066\u306f\u3060\u3081<\/span> do hovorovej skr\u00e1tenej formy.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p><strong>Odpovede:<\/strong> 1. <span lang=\"ja\">to je fajn<\/span>; 2. <span lang=\"ja\">To sa nesmie<\/span>; 3. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span>; 4. <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3061\u3083\u3060\u3081<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u010co si zapam\u00e4ta\u0165<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Pou\u017eite <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/span> na \u017eiados\u0165 o povolenie.<\/li>\n<li>Pou\u017eite <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span> alebo <span lang=\"ja\">\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3088<\/span> na povolenie.<\/li>\n<li>Pou\u017eite <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span> alebo <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u306f\u3060\u3081\u3067\u3059<\/span> na z\u00e1kaz.<\/li>\n<li>V neform\u00e1lnej re\u010di, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u306f\uff0f\u3067\u306f<\/span> sa m\u00f4\u017eu zmeni\u0165 na <span lang=\"ja\">\u3061\u3083\uff0f\u3058\u3083<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Nezamie\u0148ajte \u201cnem\u00f4\u017ee\u201d s <span lang=\"ja\">V\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044<\/span>, \u010do znamen\u00e1 \u201cnemus\u00ed\u0161\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Ak si chcete zopakova\u0165, ako tieto \u0161trukt\u00fary zapadaj\u00fa do cel\u00fdch viet, vr\u00e1\u0165te sa k <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/zakladna-japonska-gramatika\/\">z\u00e1klady japonskej gramatiky<\/a> a precvi\u010dte si s r\u00f4znymi slovesami v tvare \u3066.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-36b6292b51109\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Ako po\u017eiada\u0165 o povolenie po japonsky?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Pou\u017eite sloveso v tvare \u3066 nasledovan\u00e9 \u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b. Napr\u00edklad \u3053\u3053\u306b\u5ea7\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b znamen\u00e1 \u2018M\u00f4\u017eem si tu sadn\u00fa\u0165?\u2019.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-fed5ce274559a\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Ako poveda\u0165, \u017ee niekto m\u00f4\u017ee nie\u010do urobi\u0165, preto\u017ee m\u00e1 povolenie?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Pou\u017eite V\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059 alebo odpovedzte \u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3088 a \u3069\u3046\u305e. \u5199\u771f\u3092\u64ae\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je dovolen\u00e9 fotografova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-91ae2d6b54d02\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Ak\u00fd je rozdiel medzi \u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044 a \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044 sa t\u00fdka povolenia. \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b a potenci\u00e1lna forma ozna\u010duj\u00fa najm\u00e4 schopnos\u0165 alebo mo\u017enos\u0165, hoci kontext niekedy pribli\u017euje preklady.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-49ee624337a71\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u010co znamen\u00e1 \u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Je to kon\u0161trukcia z\u00e1kazu: informuje, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165 nie je povolen\u00e1. Tvor\u00ed sa slovesom v tvare \u3066, za ktor\u00fdm nasleduje \u306f\u3044\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-14b019ec3670d\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u010co znamen\u00e1 \u3061\u3083\u3060\u3081?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Je to neform\u00e1lny sp\u00f4sob z\u00e1kazu. \u3061\u3083 je kontrakcia \u3066\u306f; tak\u017ee \u98df\u3079\u3066\u306f\u3060\u3081 sa m\u00f4\u017ee zmeni\u0165 na \u98df\u3079\u3061\u3083\u3060\u3081.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-7c70240481605\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Znamen\u00e1 \u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044, \u017ee nem\u00f4\u017eete nie\u010do urobi\u0165?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Nie. V\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nie je potrebn\u00e9 vykona\u0165 \u010dinnos\u0165. V\u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u010dinnos\u0165 nie je povolen\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-9bfe42985f9b6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Kedy pou\u017ei\u0165 \u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Pou\u017eite tento formul\u00e1r, ke\u010f chcete po\u017eiada\u0165 o povolenie opatrnej\u0161\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom, najm\u00e4 v profesion\u00e1lnych situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch alebo pri citlivej \u017eiadosti.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-da3c0874f440c\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Ako odpoveda\u0165 na \u017eiados\u0165 o povolenie v japon\u010dine?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Ak chcete povoli\u0165, pou\u017eite \u306f\u3044\u3001\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3088 alebo \u3069\u3046\u305e. Ak chcete jemne odmietnu\u0165, ospravedlnenie alebo kr\u00e1tke vysvetlenie zvy\u010dajne znie prirodzenej\u0161ie ako len \u3044\u3044\u3048.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nau\u010dte sa \u017eiada\u0165 a d\u00e1va\u0165 povolenie v japon\u010dine, formulova\u0165 z\u00e1kazy a rozli\u0161ova\u0165 \u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044, \u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093, \u3061\u3083\u3060\u3081 a \u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":2143,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2140","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2140","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2140"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2140\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4440,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2140\/revisions\/4440"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2143"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2140"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2140"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2140"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}