{"id":2172,"date":"2010-04-29T09:00:09","date_gmt":"2010-04-29T12:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2172"},"modified":"2026-08-16T00:20:05","modified_gmt":"2026-08-16T03:20:05","slug":"zoznam-prechodnych-a-neprechodnych-slovies-v-japoncine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/lista-verbos-transitivos-e-intransitivos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Prechodn\u00e9 a neprechodn\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 v japon\u010dine: zoznam a pr\u00edklady"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Prechodn\u00e9 a neprechodn\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 v japon\u010dine opisuj\u00fa rovnak\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu z r\u00f4znych uhlov poh\u013eadu.<\/strong> Prechodn\u00e9 sloveso ukazuje, \u017ee niekto p\u00f4sob\u00ed na objekt, zvy\u010dajne v \u0161trukt\u00fare <strong>osoba \u304c + objekt \u3092 + sloveso<\/strong>. Neprechodn\u00e9 sloveso predstavuje nie\u010do, \u010do sa deje alebo men\u00ed stav, zvy\u010dajne ako <strong>prvok \u304c + sloveso<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Porovnajte: <strong>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong> znamen\u00e1 \u201cdvere sa otvorili\u201d, zatia\u013e \u010do <strong>\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong> znamen\u00e1 \u201cTanaka otvoril dvere\u201d. V prvom pr\u00edpade je d\u00f4raz na udalos\u0165; v druhom na \u010dinnos\u0165 osoby na dver\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n<p>Rozdiel nie je ekvivalentom trpn\u00e9ho rodu. Taktie\u017e neexistuje neomyln\u00e1 koncovka, ktor\u00e1 by odhalila v\u0161etky dvojice. Najbezpe\u010dnej\u0161ou met\u00f3dou je nau\u010di\u0165 sa ka\u017ed\u00e9 sloveso s jeho \u010dasticou, v\u00fdznamom a kr\u00e1tkou vetou. Ak si e\u0161te st\u00e1le budujete z\u00e1klady, zopakujte si <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/skupiny-slovies-v-japoncine\/\">skupiny japonsk\u00fdch slovies<\/a> a sprievodcu <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/zakladne-castice-v-japoncine\/\">\u010dasticami \u306f, \u304c, \u3092, \u306b a \u3067<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u010co s\u00fa prechodn\u00e9 a neprechodn\u00e9 sloves\u00e1 v japon\u010dine?<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\u305f\u3069\u3046\u3057, tad\u014dshi\uff09<\/strong> je prechodn\u00e9 sloveso. Vyjadruje \u010dinnos\u0165 zameran\u00fa na objekt: niekto nie\u010do otv\u00e1ra, zap\u00edna alebo rozhoduje. Tento priamy objekt sa zvy\u010dajne ozna\u010duje <strong>\u3092<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\u3058\u3069\u3046\u3057, jid\u014dshi\uff09<\/strong> je neprechodn\u00e9 sloveso. Opisuje udalos\u0165, zmenu alebo stav bez priameho objektu: nie\u010do sa otv\u00e1ra, zap\u00edna, pad\u00e1 alebo zost\u00e1va rozhodnut\u00e9. Prvok, ktor\u00fd prech\u00e1dza touto situ\u00e1ciou, sa zvy\u010dajne ozna\u010duje <strong>\u304c<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Typ<\/th><th>Z\u00e1kladn\u00fd vzor<\/th><th>Pr\u00edklad<\/th><th>Preklad<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Intranzit\u00edvny<\/td><td>N \u304c + sloveso<\/td><td>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/td><td>Dvere sa otv\u00e1raj\u00fa.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Prechodn\u00e9<\/td><td>Osoba \u304c + N \u3092 + sloveso<\/td><td>\u5e97\u54e1\u304c\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/td><td>Predava\u010d otv\u00e1ra dvere.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Materi\u00e1l <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori, od Japan Foundation<\/a>, resume essa oposi\u00e7\u00e3o como <strong>N \u304c V<\/strong> pre intranzit\u00edvne sloves\u00e1 a <strong>(pessoa \u304c) N \u3092 V<\/strong> pre tranzit\u00edvne sloves\u00e1. Tento vzorec je v\u00fdborn\u00fdm v\u00fdchodiskov\u00fdm bodom, ale nemal by sa aplikova\u0165 mechanicky.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Ako rozpozna\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fd typ bez memorovania pas\u00edvneho prekladu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Polo\u017ete si dve ot\u00e1zky. Po prv\u00e9: existuje niekto alebo nie\u010do, \u010do p\u00f4sob\u00ed na objekt? Ak \u00e1no, sloveso m\u00e1 tendenciu by\u0165 tranzit\u00edvne. Po druh\u00e9: veta len prezentuje, \u017ee sa nie\u010do deje alebo men\u00ed stav? V takom pr\u00edpade m\u00e1 sloveso tendenciu by\u0165 intranzit\u00edvne.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7a93\u304c\u9589\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u307e\u3069 \u304c \u3057\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Mado ga shimari mashita.<\/em><br \/>Okno sa zatvorilo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5c71\u7530\u3055\u3093\u304c\u7a93\u3092\u9589\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3084\u307e\u3060\u3055\u3093 \u304c \u307e\u3069 \u3092 \u3057\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Yamada-san ga mado o shime mashita.<\/em><br \/>Yamada zatvoril okno.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Neprelo\u017ete automaticky intranzit\u00edvne sloveso ako \u201cby\u0165 + pr\u00ed\u010dastie\u201d. <strong>\u7a93\u304c\u9589\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong> nie je pas\u00edvna kon\u0161trukcia: veta jednoducho informuje, \u017ee sa okno zatvorilo. Japonsk\u00e9 pas\u00edvum by si vy\u017eadovalo in\u00fd slovesn\u00fd tvar a zmenilo by \u0161trukt\u00faru.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tie\u017e je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 si uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee nie ka\u017ed\u00e9 <strong>\u3092<\/strong> ozna\u010duje priamy objekt. V <strong>\u30db\u30c6\u30eb\u3092\u51fa\u307e\u3059<\/strong> (\u201cvych\u00e1dza\u0165 z hotela\u201d) a <strong>\u9053\u3092\u6b69\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/strong> (\u201ckr\u00e1\u010da\u0165 po ulici\u201d), \u3092 ozna\u010duje miesto odchodu alebo trasu. Sloveso zost\u00e1va intranzit\u00edvne. T\u00e1to pozornos\u0165 sa objavuje v <a href=\"https:\/\/md.jpf.go.jp\/userfiles\/file\/2018\/Lengua%20Japonesa\/Gramatica\/A2-B1-JP_rev.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gramatickom materi\u00e1li A2\u2013B1 Japan Foundation Madrid<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Zoznam prechodn\u00fdch a neprechodn\u00fdch slovies v japon\u010dine<\/h2>\n\n<p>Tabu\u013eka zhroma\u017e\u010fuje \u010dast\u00e9 a u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 dvojice. Nem\u00e1 v \u00famysle uvies\u0165 v\u0161etky sloves\u00e1 jazyka. Zapam\u00e4tajte si ka\u017ed\u00fd riadok ako dve mo\u017en\u00e9 vety, pri\u010dom si v\u0161imnite <strong>\u304c<\/strong> s neprechodn\u00fdm a <strong>\u3092<\/strong> s prechodn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Intranzit\u00edvny<\/th><th>V\u00fdznam<\/th><th>Prechodn\u00e9<\/th><th>V\u00fdznam<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\u958b\u304f\uff08\u3042\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>otvori\u0165 sa; zosta\u0165 otvoren\u00fd<\/td><td>\u958b\u3051\u308b\uff08\u3042\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>otvori\u0165 nie\u010do<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u9589\u307e\u308b\uff08\u3057\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>zatvori\u0165 sa; zosta\u0165 zatvoren\u00fd<\/td><td>\u9589\u3081\u308b\uff08\u3057\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>zatvori\u0165 nie\u010do<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3064\u304f<\/td><td>zapn\u00fa\u0165 sa; zosta\u0165 zapnut\u00fd<\/td><td>\u3064\u3051\u308b<\/td><td>zapn\u00fa\u0165 alebo pripoji\u0165 nie\u010do<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6d88\u3048\u308b\uff08\u304d\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>zhasn\u00fa\u0165; zmizn\u00fa\u0165<\/td><td>\u6d88\u3059\uff08\u3051\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>zhasn\u00fa\u0165 alebo vypn\u00fa\u0165 nie\u010do<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5165\u308b\uff08\u306f\u3044\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>vst\u00fapi\u0165; by\u0165 obsiahnut\u00fd<\/td><td>\u5165\u308c\u308b\uff08\u3044\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>vlo\u017ei\u0165; vlo\u017ei\u0165<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u51fa\u308b\uff08\u3067\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>vyjs\u0165; objavi\u0165 sa<\/td><td>\u51fa\u3059\uff08\u3060\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>p\u00f4r para fora; enviar<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u59cb\u307e\u308b\uff08\u306f\u3058\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>spustenie<\/td><td>\u59cb\u3081\u308b\uff08\u306f\u3058\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>come\u00e7ar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u7d42\u308f\u308b\uff08\u304a\u308f\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>terminar<\/td><td>\u7d42\u3048\u308b\uff08\u304a\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>concluir algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6b62\u307e\u308b\uff08\u3068\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>zastavi\u0165<\/td><td>\u6b62\u3081\u308b\uff08\u3068\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>parar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u52d5\u304f\uff08\u3046\u3054\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>mover-se; funcionar<\/td><td>\u52d5\u304b\u3059\uff08\u3046\u3054\u304b\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>mover ou operar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5909\u308f\u308b\uff08\u304b\u308f\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>mudar<\/td><td>\u5909\u3048\u308b\uff08\u304b\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>mudar ou alterar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6c7a\u307e\u308b\uff08\u304d\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>ficar decidido<\/td><td>\u6c7a\u3081\u308b\uff08\u304d\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>decidir algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u7d9a\u304f\uff08\u3064\u3065\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>pokra\u010dova\u0165<\/td><td>\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\uff08\u3064\u3065\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>pokra\u010dova\u0165 v nie\u010dom<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u96c6\u307e\u308b\uff08\u3042\u3064\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>stretn\u00fa\u0165 sa<\/td><td>\u96c6\u3081\u308b\uff08\u3042\u3064\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>zhroma\u017edi\u0165; zbiera\u0165 nie\u010do<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u898b\u3064\u304b\u308b\uff08\u307f\u3064\u304b\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>by\u0165 n\u00e1jden\u00fd; objavi\u0165 sa<\/td><td>\u898b\u3064\u3051\u308b\uff08\u307f\u3064\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>n\u00e1js\u0165 nie\u010do<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u58ca\u308c\u308b\uff08\u3053\u308f\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>rozbi\u0165 sa; presta\u0165 fungova\u0165<\/td><td>\u58ca\u3059\uff08\u3053\u308f\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>rozbi\u0165 nie\u010do<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5272\u308c\u308b\uff08\u308f\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>rozbi\u0165 sa; praskn\u00fa\u0165<\/td><td>\u5272\u308b\uff08\u308f\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>rozbi\u0165 alebo rozdeli\u0165 nie\u010do<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6298\u308c\u308b\uff08\u304a\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>zlomi\u0165 sa; ohn\u00fa\u0165 sa<\/td><td>\u6298\u308b\uff08\u304a\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>zlomi\u0165 alebo ohn\u00fa\u0165 nie\u010do<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u843d\u3061\u308b\uff08\u304a\u3061\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>spadn\u00fa\u0165<\/td><td>\u843d\u3068\u3059\uff08\u304a\u3068\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>zrazi\u0165; necha\u0165 spadn\u00fa\u0165<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5c4a\u304f\uff08\u3068\u3069\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>dorazi\u0165 do cie\u013ea<\/td><td>\u5c4a\u3051\u308b\uff08\u3068\u3069\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>doru\u010di\u0165 nie\u010do<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u76f4\u308b\uff08\u306a\u304a\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>by\u0165 opraven\u00fd; vr\u00e1ti\u0165 sa do norm\u00e1lu<\/td><td>\u76f4\u3059\uff08\u306a\u304a\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>opravi\u0165 alebo upravi\u0165 nie\u010do<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5897\u3048\u308b\uff08\u3075\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 sa v mno\u017estve<\/td><td>\u5897\u3084\u3059\uff08\u3075\u3084\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 nie\u010do<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6e1b\u308b\uff08\u3078\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 sa v mno\u017estve<\/td><td>\u6e1b\u3089\u3059\uff08\u3078\u3089\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 nie\u010do<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u4e0a\u304c\u308b\uff08\u3042\u304c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>st\u00fapa\u0165; zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 sa<\/td><td>\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\uff08\u3042\u3052\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>zdvihn\u00fa\u0165; zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 nie\u010do<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u4e0b\u304c\u308b\uff08\u3055\u304c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>klesa\u0165; zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 sa<\/td><td>\u4e0b\u3052\u308b\uff08\u3055\u3052\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165; zmen\u0161i\u0165 nie\u010do<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u51b7\u3048\u308b\uff08\u3072\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>esfriar; ficar frio<\/td><td>\u51b7\u3084\u3059\uff08\u3072\u3084\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>esfriar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6e29\u307e\u308b\uff08\u3042\u305f\u305f\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>aquecer-se; ficar quente<\/td><td>\u6e29\u3081\u308b\uff08\u3042\u305f\u305f\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>aquecer algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6c5a\u308c\u308b\uff08\u3088\u3054\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>sujar-se; ficar sujo<\/td><td>\u6c5a\u3059\uff08\u3088\u3054\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>sujar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u8d77\u304d\u308b\uff08\u304a\u304d\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>acordar; levantar-se<\/td><td>\u8d77\u3053\u3059\uff08\u304a\u3053\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>acordar algu\u00e9m; causar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u80b2\u3064\uff08\u305d\u3060\u3064\uff09<\/td><td>crescer; desenvolver-se<\/td><td>\u80b2\u3066\u308b\uff08\u305d\u3060\u3066\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>criar; cultivar; desenvolver algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u713c\u3051\u308b\uff08\u3084\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>assar; grelhar at\u00e9 ficar pronto<\/td><td>\u713c\u304f\uff08\u3084\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>assar ou grelhar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u716e\u3048\u308b\uff08\u306b\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>cozinhar at\u00e9 ficar pronto<\/td><td>\u716e\u308b\uff08\u306b\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>cozinhar algo em l\u00edquido<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpf.go.jp\/j\/project\/japanese\/teach\/tsushin\/language\/202412.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an\u00e1lise lingu\u00edstica da Japan Foundation sobre \u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e e \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e<\/a> mostra que existem v\u00e1rios padr\u00f5es de forma\u00e7\u00e3o e tamb\u00e9m exce\u00e7\u00f5es. Em vez de procurar uma regra \u00fanica, aprenda o verbo dentro de uma estrutura completa.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Exemplos que mostram a mudan\u00e7a de perspectiva<\/h2>\n\n<h3>A porta abriu ou algu\u00e9m abriu a porta<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u30c9\u30a2 \u304c \u3042\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Doa ga aki mashita.<\/em><br \/>A porta abriu.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u305f\u306a\u304b\u3055\u3093 \u304c \u30c9\u30a2 \u3092 \u3042\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Tanaka-san ga doa o ake mashita.<\/em><br \/>Tanaka abriu a porta.<\/p>\n\n<h3>A reuni\u00e3o come\u00e7ou ou algu\u00e9m come\u00e7ou a reuni\u00e3o<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u4f1a\u8b70\u304c\u5341\u6642\u306b\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u304b\u3044\u304e \u304c \u3058\u3085\u3046\u3058 \u306b \u306f\u3058\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Kaigi ga j\u016bji ni hajimari masu.<\/em><br \/>A reuni\u00e3o come\u00e7a \u00e0s dez horas.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u90e8\u9577\u304c\u4f1a\u8b70\u3092\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3076\u3061\u3087\u3046 \u304c \u304b\u3044\u304e \u3092 \u306f\u3058\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Buch\u014d ga kaigi o hajime masu.<\/em><br \/>O gerente inicia a reuni\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<h3>A quantidade aumentou ou algu\u00e9m aumentou a quantidade<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u5897\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u304c\u304f\u305b\u3044 \u304c \u3075\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Gakusei ga fue mashita.<\/em><br \/>O n\u00famero de estudantes aumentou.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u5b66\u6821\u304c\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u306e\u6570\u3092\u5897\u3084\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u304c\u3063\u3053\u3046 \u304c \u30af\u30e9\u30b9 \u306e \u304b\u305a \u3092 \u3075\u3084\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Gakk\u014d ga kurasu no kazu o fuyashi mashita.<\/em><br \/>A escola aumentou o n\u00famero de turmas.<\/p>\n\n<p>Observe que o portugu\u00eas \u00e0s vezes usa o mesmo verbo nas duas frases. Em japon\u00eas, a escolha do par explicita se o falante apresenta o acontecimento ou a a\u00e7\u00e3o de algu\u00e9m sobre alguma coisa. Essa distin\u00e7\u00e3o ajuda a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/ako-tvorit-vety-v-japoncine\/\">formar frases em japon\u00eas<\/a> com mais precis\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Verbos intransitivos com \u3066\u3044\u308b e transitivos com \u3066\u3042\u308b<\/h2>\n\n<p>Os pares tamb\u00e9m aparecem ao descrever estados. Com um intransitivo na <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/form-your-eyes-in-japan\/\">tvar \u3066<\/a> seguido de <strong>\u3044\u308b<\/strong>, a frase apresenta o estado observado. Com um transitivo seguido de <strong>\u3042\u308b<\/strong>, ela pode destacar que o estado resulta de uma a\u00e7\u00e3o intencional.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>A porta est\u00e1 aberta. O estado \u00e9 apresentado sem indicar quem abriu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u3051\u3066\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>A porta foi deixada aberta. H\u00e1 a ideia de que algu\u00e9m a abriu com uma finalidade.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>O contraste entre <strong>\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3044\u308b<\/strong> e <strong>\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3042\u308b<\/strong> \u00e9 explicado no <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary02\/pdf\/Z_L13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori Elementar 2, li\u00e7\u00e3o 13<\/a>. N\u00e3o confunda esse uso de \u3066\u3042\u308b com uma tradu\u00e7\u00e3o passiva autom\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Nem todo par parecido \u00e9 um par transitivo\u2013intransitivo<\/h2>\n\n<p>Algumas associa\u00e7\u00f5es comuns geram erros. <strong>\u5206\u304b\u308b<\/strong> (\u201centender\u201d) e <strong>\u5206\u304b\u308c\u308b<\/strong> (\u201cdividir-se; separar-se\u201d) n\u00e3o formam um par com o mesmo sentido. <strong>\u898b\u308b<\/strong> (\u201cver; olhar\u201d) e <strong>\u898b\u3048\u308b<\/strong> (\u201cser vis\u00edvel; conseguir ver naturalmente\u201d) tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o devem ser tratados apenas como \u201cver\u201d e \u201cser visto\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<p>O mesmo cuidado vale para <strong>\u805e\u304f<\/strong> e <strong>\u805e\u3053\u3048\u308b<\/strong>. O primeiro pode significar ouvir deliberadamente ou perguntar; o segundo indica que algo \u00e9 aud\u00edvel. J\u00e1 <strong>\u58f2\u308c\u308b<\/strong> pode significar \u201cvender bem\u201d ou \u201cser vend\u00e1vel\u201d, e n\u00e3o corresponde simplesmente \u00e0 passiva de <strong>\u58f2\u308b<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>H\u00e1 ainda verbos sem um parceiro regular. <strong>\u8d70\u308b<\/strong> (\u201ccorrer\u201d) \u00e9 intransitivo; <strong>\u8d70\u3089\u305b\u308b<\/strong> \u00e9 sua forma causativa, \u201cfazer correr\u201d, n\u00e3o um verbo transitivo emparelhado pelo mesmo processo dos pares da tabela. Se precisar revisar essa diferen\u00e7a, consulte tamb\u00e9m a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/potencialny-tvar-japonskych-slovies\/\">forma potencial dos verbos<\/a>, que n\u00e3o deve ser confundida com intransitividade.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como memorizar os pares com mais seguran\u00e7a<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Aprenda a part\u00edcula junto.<\/strong> Registre \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304f e \u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u308b, n\u00e3o apenas \u958b\u304f e \u958b\u3051\u308b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Use uma cena para os dois verbos.<\/strong> Imagine a luz acendendo e depois algu\u00e9m acendendo a luz: \u96fb\u6c17\u304c\u3064\u304f \/ \u96fb\u6c17\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Compare frases curtas.<\/strong> A oposi\u00e7\u00e3o fica mais clara quando sujeito, objeto e part\u00edcula aparecem.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Evite regras de termina\u00e7\u00e3o absolutas.<\/strong> Elas funcionam como pistas, mas t\u00eam exce\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Confirme no dicion\u00e1rio.<\/strong> Procure as indica\u00e7\u00f5es \u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e e \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e e verifique a estrutura do exemplo.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>Esse m\u00e9todo se encaixa no estudo de <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/zakladna-japonska-gramatika\/\">japonskej gramatike pre za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edkov<\/a>: primeiro reconhe\u00e7a a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre as palavras e depois amplie o vocabul\u00e1rio.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Exerc\u00edcios<\/h2>\n\n<p>Escolha o verbo que completa cada frase.<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\uff08\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f \/ \u958b\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u79c1\u304c\u7a93\u3092\uff08\u9589\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f \/ \u9589\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u96fb\u6c17\u304c\uff08\u3064\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f \/ \u3064\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u59b9\u304c\u90e8\u5c4b\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u3092\uff08\u6d88\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f \/ \u6d88\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f1a\u8b70\u304c\u5341\u6642\u306b\uff08\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059 \/ \u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3059\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5148\u751f\u304c\u6388\u696d\u3092\uff08\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059 \/ \u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3059\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>Ver respostas explicadas<\/strong><\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong>: \u30c9\u30a2 \u00e9 o elemento que abriu e recebe \u304c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9589\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong>: \u79c1 age sobre \u7a93, marcado por \u3092.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3064\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong>: a luz acendeu; n\u00e3o h\u00e1 objeto direto.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6d88\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong>: a irm\u00e3 desligou a luz, que recebe \u3092.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/strong>: a reuni\u00e3o \u00e9 apresentada como o evento que come\u00e7a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3059<\/strong>: o professor inicia a aula, marcada por \u3092.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n<h2>Resumo<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e<\/strong> descreve algo acontecendo ou mudando de estado, geralmente em N \u304c V.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e<\/strong> descreve algu\u00e9m agindo sobre um objeto, geralmente em pessoa \u304c + N \u3092 V.<\/li>\n<li>Intransitivo n\u00e3o \u00e9 sin\u00f4nimo de passivo.<\/li>\n<li>O uso de \u3092 n\u00e3o basta sozinho para classificar o verbo.<\/li>\n<li>Os pares devem ser aprendidos com part\u00edcula, sentido e exemplo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Depois de dominar essa oposi\u00e7\u00e3o, voc\u00ea perceber\u00e1 com mais facilidade por que o japon\u00eas escolhe verbos diferentes para \u201calgo mudou\u201d e \u201calgu\u00e9m mudou algo\u201d. Continue praticando com os <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/neformalny-sposob-japonskych-slovies\/\">verbos na forma simples<\/a> e transforme cada par da tabela em duas frases pr\u00f3prias.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-0592b58decb6c\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u010co je neprechodn\u00e9 sloveso v japon\u010dine?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Je to sloveso, ktor\u00e9 vyjadruje udalos\u0165, stav alebo zmenu bez priameho predmetu. V z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch vet\u00e1ch b\u00fdva prvok, ktor\u00fd prech\u00e1dza situ\u00e1ciou, ozna\u010den\u00fd pomocou \u304c, ako v \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3059, \u201cdvere sa otv\u00e1raj\u00fa\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-7f9c8b70d615c\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u010co je prechodn\u00e9 sloveso v japon\u010dine?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Je to sloveso, ktor\u00e9 vyjadruje \u010dinnos\u0165 niekoho alebo nie\u010doho na objekt. Priamy objekt zvy\u010dajne dost\u00e1va \u3092, ako v \u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u307e\u3059, \u201cTanaka otv\u00e1ra dvere\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-6c50d8a0f4fd8\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Je nepravideln\u00e9 sloveso to ist\u00e9 ako trpn\u00fd rod?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Nie. Neprechodn\u00e9 sloveso opisuje nie\u010do, \u010do sa deje alebo men\u00ed stav bez priameho predmetu. Trpn\u00fd rod je vlastn\u00e1 konjug\u00e1cia a vytv\u00e1ra in\u00fd vz\u0165ah medzi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkmi vety.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-5a45d8d03e1f0\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Todo verbo acompanhado de \u3092 \u00e9 transitivo?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>N\u00e3o. \u3092 tamb\u00e9m pode marcar percurso ou ponto de sa\u00edda, como em \u9053\u3092\u6b69\u304d\u307e\u3059, \u201ccaminhar pela rua\u201d, e \u30db\u30c6\u30eb\u3092\u51fa\u307e\u3059, \u201csair do hotel\u201d. Nesses casos, os verbos s\u00e3o intransitivos.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-d34238cea2e12\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Como memorizar pares transitivos e intransitivos?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Aprenda cada verbo dentro de uma frase curta, junto com sua part\u00edcula: \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304f para \u201ca porta abrir\u201d e \u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u308b para \u201cabrir a porta\u201d. Comparar as duas perspectivas \u00e9 mais seguro do que decorar apenas tradu\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-36418fc0e63a4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Qual \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a entre \u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3044\u308b e \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3042\u308b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3044\u308b costuma apresentar um estado observado, como \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059. \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3042\u308b pode indicar que o estado resulta de uma a\u00e7\u00e3o intencional, como \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u3051\u3066\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pochopte rozdiel medzi prechodn\u00fdmi a neprechodn\u00fdmi slovesami v japon\u010dine, pozrite si p\u00e1ry s \u304c a \u3092, pr\u00edklady, cvi\u010denia a \u010dast\u00e9 chyby.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":2174,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,73,60],"tags":[71,2,3],"class_list":["post-2172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-verbos-em-japones","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2172","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2172"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2172\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4442,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2172\/revisions\/4442"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2174"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2172"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2172"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}