{"id":2447,"date":"2010-10-11T09:00:37","date_gmt":"2010-10-11T12:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2447"},"modified":"2026-08-09T02:19:16","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T05:19:16","slug":"ako-tvorit-vety-v-japoncine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/como-formar-frases-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako tvori\u0165 vety v japon\u010dine: met\u00f3da krok za krokom"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Na vytvorenie viet v japon\u010dine za\u010dnite t\u00fdm, \u010do chcete komunikova\u0165, vyberte pr\u00edsudok a pridajte iba potrebn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie. Namiesto prekladu ka\u017ed\u00e9ho slova z portugal\u010diny v rovnakom porad\u00ed usporiadajte spr\u00e1vu do skup\u00edn ozna\u010den\u00fdch \u010dasticami a ponechajte pr\u00edsudok na konci.<\/p>\n<p>Tento proces v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 vety od za\u010diatku. M\u00f4\u017eete za\u010da\u0165 len so slovesom, pr\u00eddavn\u00fdm menom alebo podstatn\u00fdm menom, za ktor\u00fdm nasleduje <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> a potom zahrn\u00fa\u0165 \u010das, miesto, predmet a t\u00e9mu pod\u013ea toho, \u010do si situ\u00e1cia vy\u017eaduje.<\/p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-2450\" src=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/10\/formar-frases-em-japones.gif\" alt=\"Ako tvori\u0165 vety v japon\u010dine\" width=\"175\" height=\"135\" \/>\n<h2>Hlavn\u00e1 my\u0161lienka: postavte vetu od pr\u00edsudku<\/h2>\n<p>Pr\u00edsudok oznamuje, \u010do sa deje alebo \u010do sa tvrd\u00ed. V japonskej vete sa zvy\u010dajne nach\u00e1dza na konci a m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 tvoren\u00fd slovesom, pr\u00eddavn\u00fdm menom alebo menn\u00fdm v\u00fdrazom. Toto je praktickej\u0161ie pravidlo ako sna\u017ei\u0165 sa zapam\u00e4ta\u0165 si dlh\u00fd a rigidn\u00fd vzorec.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161imnite si, ako m\u00f4\u017ee veta r\u00e1s\u0165 bez straty jadra:<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Tabemasu.<\/em><br \/>(Ja) jem alebo budem jes\u0165.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Pan o tabemasu.<\/em><br \/>(Ja) jem chlieb.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u671d\u3001\u5bb6\u3067\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Asa, ie de pan o tabemasu.<\/em><br \/>R\u00e1no jem chlieb doma.<\/p>\n<p>Sloveso <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/span> zost\u00e1va na konci. <span lang=\"ja\">\u30d1\u30f3\u3092<\/span> identifikuje predmet \u010dinnosti, <span lang=\"ja\">\u5bb6\u3067<\/span> ozna\u010duje miesto, kde sa \u010dinnos\u0165 odohr\u00e1va, a <span lang=\"ja\">\u671d<\/span> prid\u00e1va \u010dasov\u00fd odkaz. Z\u00e1meno sa neobjavuje, preto\u017ee kontext m\u00f4\u017ee objasni\u0165, kto je.<\/p>\n<h2>Ako vytvori\u0165 vetu v japon\u010dine v piatich krokoch<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Definujte minim\u00e1lnu spr\u00e1vu.<\/strong> Op\u00fdtajte sa, \u010do skuto\u010dne treba komunikova\u0165: \u010dinnos\u0165, stav, identifik\u00e1ciu alebo ot\u00e1zku.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vyberte pr\u00edsudok.<\/strong> Pou\u017eite sloveso, pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 meno alebo nomin\u00e1lnu fr\u00e1zu, ktor\u00e1 v sebe nesie my\u0161lienku.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pridajte potrebn\u00e9 skupiny.<\/strong> Zahr\u0148te objekt, cie\u013e, miesto, spolo\u010dnos\u0165 alebo t\u00e9mu a ozna\u010dte vz\u0165ah vhodnou \u010dasticou.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Umiestnite modifik\u00e1tory pred modifikovan\u00fd v\u00fdraz.<\/strong> Pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 a in\u00e9 opisy prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa pred podstatn\u00e9 meno, na ktor\u00e9 sa vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Skontrolujte kontext a register.<\/strong> Odstr\u00e1\u0148te zjavn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie, potvr\u010fte \u010dastice a nemie\u0161ajte zdvoril\u00e9 a neform\u00e1lne tvary bez d\u00f4vodu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Ak sa logika v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho predik\u00e1tu st\u00e1le zd\u00e1 nov\u00e1, pozrite si pr\u00edru\u010dku o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/poradie-slov-v-japoncine\/\">slovoslede v japon\u010dine<\/a>. \u010cl\u00e1nok sa podrobnej\u0161ie venuje SOV, modifik\u00e1torom a flexibilite bez toho, aby sa z\u00e1kladn\u00fd slovosled stal absol\u00fatnym pravidlom.<\/p>\n<h2>Tri jadr\u00e1 na za\u010diatok tvorenia viet<\/h2>\n<p>Nemus\u00edte ovl\u00e1da\u0165 v\u0161etky \u010dasovania, aby ste vytvorili prv\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy. Za\u010dnite s tromi \u010dast\u00fdmi jadrami.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Typ predik\u00e1tu<\/th><th>Pr\u00edklad<\/th><th>V\u00fdznam<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Nomin\u00e1lna fr\u00e1za<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">Som \u0161tudent.<\/span><br \/><em>Som \u0161tudent.<\/em><\/td><td>Som \u0161tudent.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 meno<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u672c\u306f\u9762\u767d\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono hon wa omoshiroi desu.<\/em><\/td><td>T\u00e1to kniha je zauj\u00edmav\u00e1.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Sloveso<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6bce\u65e5\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Mainichi, nihongo o benky\u014d shimasu.<\/em><\/td><td>U\u010d\u00edm sa japon\u010dinu ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Na str\u00e1nke <span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3059<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> pom\u00e1ha vytvori\u0165 zdvoril\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1senie s podstatn\u00fdm menom. To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee ho mo\u017eno umiestni\u0165 za ak\u00fdko\u013evek slovesn\u00fd tvar. Ak chcete poveda\u0165 \u201cako\u201d v zdvorilom registri, pou\u017eite <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/span>, a nie <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3067\u3059<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Na roz\u0161\u00edrenie t\u00fdchto vzorov si pre\u010d\u00edtajte <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/podstatne-mena-v-japoncine\/\">podstatn\u00e9 men\u00e1 v japon\u010dine<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/typy-pridavnych-mien-v-japoncine\/\">typy japonsk\u00fdch pr\u00eddavn\u00fdch mien<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Pou\u017e\u00edvajte \u010dastice ako funk\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edtky<\/h2>\n<p>\u010castice sa objavuj\u00fa za slovom alebo skupinou a ozna\u010duj\u00fa, ako sa t\u00e1to skupina podie\u013ea na spr\u00e1ve. Nie v\u017edy zodpovedaj\u00fa jedn\u00e9mu portugalsk\u00e9mu predlo\u017ekov\u00e9mu v\u00fdrazu; v\u00fdber z\u00e1vis\u00ed od funkcie vo vete.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u306f<\/span> (<em>wa<\/em>):<\/strong> predstavuje t\u00e9mu, o ktorej sa bude komentova\u0165.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> (<em>ga<\/em>):<\/strong> ozna\u010duje gramatick\u00fd subjekt v r\u00f4znych \u0161trukt\u00farach a m\u00f4\u017ee zv\u00fdrazni\u0165, kto alebo \u010do je zahrnut\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> (<em>o<\/em>):<\/strong> ozna\u010duje okrem in\u00fdch funkci\u00ed priamy predmet \u010dinnosti.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> (<em>ni<\/em>):<\/strong> m\u00f4\u017ee ozna\u010dova\u0165 cie\u013e, \u010dasov\u00fd bod, existenciu alebo cie\u013e pod\u013ea predik\u00e1tu.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067<\/span> (<em>z<\/em>):<\/strong> m\u00f4\u017ee ozna\u010dova\u0165 miesto, kde sa \u010dinnos\u0165 odohr\u00e1va, alebo pou\u017eit\u00fd prostriedok.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Namiesto v\u00fdberu \u010dastice pod\u013ea izolovan\u00e9ho prekladu identifikujte vz\u0165ah medzi skupinou a predik\u00e1tom. Sprievodca <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/zakladne-castice-v-japoncine\/\">\u010dastice v japon\u010dine<\/a> predstavuje z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 pou\u017eitia s \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi pr\u00edkladmi.<\/p>\n<h2>Z portugal\u010diny do prirodzenej japonskej vety<\/h2>\n<p>Zv\u00e1\u017ete spr\u00e1vu \u201c\u0160tudujem japon\u010dinu v kni\u017enici ka\u017ed\u00fa sobotu\u201d. Najprv rozde\u013ete inform\u00e1cie do skup\u00edn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u010das: ka\u017ed\u00fa sobotu;<\/li>\n<li>miesto \u010dinnosti: v kni\u017enici;<\/li>\n<li>predmet \u0161t\u00fadia: japon\u010dina;<\/li>\n<li>predik\u00e1t: \u0161tudova\u0165.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 veta je:<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u6bce\u9031\u571f\u66dc\u65e5\u3001\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3067\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Maish\u016b doy\u014dbi, toshokan de nihongo o benky\u014d shimasu.<\/em><br \/>\u0160tudujem japon\u010dinu v kni\u017enici ka\u017ed\u00fa sobotu.<\/p>\n<p>Nebolo potrebn\u00e9 prelo\u017ei\u0165 \u201cja\u201d. Ak je hovoriaca osoba u\u017e zn\u00e1ma, vynechanie <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span> rob\u00ed vetu \u00faspornej\u0161ou a prirodzenej\u0161ou. Tie\u017e neexistuje povinn\u00e1 \u010dastica za ka\u017ed\u00fdm \u010dasov\u00fdm v\u00fdrazom: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6bce\u9031\u571f\u66dc\u65e5<\/span> funguje priamo ako \u010dasov\u00fd odkaz v tomto pr\u00edklade.<\/p>\n<p>NINJAL opisuje japon\u010dinu ako jazyk so z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm slovosledom SOV a ukazuje, \u017ee modifikuj\u00face prvky maj\u00fa tendenciu predch\u00e1dza\u0165 hlavn\u00fd term\u00edn. T\u00e1to klasifik\u00e1cia je z\u00e1kladom anal\u00fdzy, nie \u0161abl\u00f3nou, ktor\u00e1 by n\u00fatil ka\u017ed\u00fa vetu obsahova\u0165 explicitn\u00fd subjekt a objekt. Pozrite si <a href=\"https:\/\/kotoba.ninjal.ac.jp\/qa\/yokuaru\/qa-224\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in\u0161titucion\u00e1lne vysvetlenie z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho slovosledu japon\u010diny<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Ako vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 ot\u00e1zky a z\u00e1porn\u00e9 vety<\/h2>\n<p>V po\u010diato\u010dnom zdvorilom registri mo\u017eno mnoh\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky vytvori\u0165 pridan\u00edm <span lang=\"ja\">\u304b<\/span> na koniec:<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u6f2b\u753b\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Manga o yomimasu ka.<\/em><br \/>\u010c\u00edta\u0161 mangu?<\/p>\n<p>Partner sa zvy\u010dajne vynech\u00e1va, ke\u010f je jasn\u00e9, o koho ide. Preto nie je potrebn\u00e9 mechanicky za\u010d\u00edna\u0165 slovom ekvivalentn\u00fdm k \u201cty\u201d. \u010cl\u00e1nok o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/ako-klast-otazky-po-japonsky\/\">ako kl\u00e1s\u0165 ot\u00e1zky v japon\u010dine<\/a> ukazuje in\u00e9 opytovacie formy.<\/p>\n<p>Na vyjadrenie z\u00e1poru pri \u010dinnosti v rovnakom registri zme\u0148te tvar slovesa:<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u3092\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Ky\u014d wa k\u014dh\u012b o nomimasen.<\/em><br \/>Dnes nepijem k\u00e1vu.<\/p>\n<p>Pri podstatn\u00fdch men\u00e1ch je \u010dastou zdvorilou mo\u017enos\u0165ou <span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span>:<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Gakusei ja nai desu.<\/em><br \/>Nie som \u0161tudent.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010cast\u00e9 chyby pri zostavovan\u00ed viet<\/h2>\n<h3>Preklad slovo po slove<\/h3>\n<p>Poradie a funkcie sa nezhoduj\u00fa term\u00edn po term\u00edne s portugal\u010dinou. Najprv prelo\u017ete z\u00e1mer a potom zrekon\u0161truujte spr\u00e1vu pomocou japonsk\u00fdch vzorov.<\/p>\n<h3>Opakovanie z\u00e1men vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch vet\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span> a in\u00e9 referencie mo\u017eno vynecha\u0165, ke\u010f kontext u\u017e identifikuje osobu. Ich zbyto\u010dn\u00e9 opakovanie m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165, \u017ee re\u010d bude \u0165a\u017ekop\u00e1dna.<\/p>\n<h3>Vybra\u0165 \u010dastice pod\u013ea pevnej ekvivalencie<\/h3>\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> ne v\u017edy znamen\u00e1 \u201cv\u201d, rovnako ako <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067<\/span> nem\u00e1 jedin\u00fd preklad. V\u0161imnite si predik\u00e1t a funkciu skupiny.<\/p>\n<h3>Mie\u0161anie registrov<\/h3>\n<p>Formy ako <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/span> patria do zdvoril\u00e9ho registra; <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/span> je jednoduch\u00e1 forma. Pre prv\u00fa s\u00favisl\u00fa vetu si vyberte jeden register a dr\u017ete sa ho.<\/p>\n<h3>Sna\u017ei\u0165 sa pr\u00edli\u0161 skoro zostavova\u0165 dlh\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy<\/h3>\n<p>Za\u010dnite so spr\u00e1vnym jadrom a prid\u00e1vajte jednu skupinu naraz. Je jednoduch\u0161ie skontrolova\u0165 <span lang=\"ja\">\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/span> predt\u00fdm, ne\u017e zahrniete kedy, kde, s k\u00fdm a pre\u010do.<\/p>\n<h2>Cvi\u010denie: zostavte vetu po skupin\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n<p>Usporiadajte ka\u017ed\u00fa spr\u00e1vu a potom ju porovnajte s mo\u017enou odpove\u010fou.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Zajtra budem \u0161tudova\u0165 doma.<\/li>\n<li>Yuki je sushi v re\u0161taur\u00e1cii.<\/li>\n<li>\u010c\u00edta\u0161 mangu?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Odpovede<\/h3>\n<p><strong>1. <span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u65e5\u3001\u5bb6\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Ashita, ie de benky\u014d shimasu.<\/em><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u65e5<\/span> ozna\u010duje \u010das, <span lang=\"ja\">\u5bb6\u3067<\/span> ozna\u010duje miesto deja a <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/span> ukon\u010duje vetu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3086\u304d\u3055\u3093\u306f\u30ec\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u3067\u5bff\u53f8\u3092\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Yuki-san wa resutoran de sushi o tabemasu.<\/em><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3086\u304d\u3055\u3093\u306f<\/span> predstavuje t\u00e9mu, <span lang=\"ja\">\u30ec\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u3067<\/span> ozna\u010duje miesto deja a <span lang=\"ja\">\u5bff\u53f8\u3092<\/span> ozna\u010duje objekt.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. <span lang=\"ja\">\u6f2b\u753b\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Manga o yomimasu ka.<\/em><br \/>Partner je obnoven\u00fd z kontextu a <span lang=\"ja\">\u304b<\/span> men\u00ed zdvoril\u00fa vetu na ot\u00e1zku.<\/p>\n<h2>Ako cvi\u010di\u0165 bez spoliehania sa na doslovn\u00fd preklad<\/h2>\n<p>Vyberte si kr\u00e1tky vzor a naraz nahra\u010fte iba jeden prvok: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6c34\u3092\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u304a\u8336\u3092\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u3092\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/span>. Potom pridajte \u010das alebo miesto. Tento tr\u00e9ning pom\u00e1ha sp\u00e1ja\u0165 cel\u00e9 skupiny s komunika\u010dnou funkciou.<\/p>\n<p>Tie <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/Grammar_all.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gramatick\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mky Irodori, od Japan Foundation<\/a>, predstavuj\u00fa vzory v komunika\u010dn\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch a potvrdzuj\u00fa, \u017ee \u010dastice ozna\u010duj\u00fa vz\u0165ahy medzi prvkami vety. Projekt tie\u017e poskytuje <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/en\/resources.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in\u0161titucion\u00e1lny zoznam vetn\u00fdch vzorov a cvi\u010den\u00ed<\/a> na \u010fal\u0161ie \u0161t\u00fadium.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010eal\u0161\u00ed krok: vytvorte kr\u00e1tke a overite\u013en\u00e9 vety<\/h2>\n<p>Za\u010dnite s predik\u00e1tmi, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e pozn\u00e1te, pridajte jednu alebo dve skupiny a porovnajte svoju vetu so spo\u013eahliv\u00fdmi pr\u00edkladmi. Na organiz\u00e1ciu \u0161t\u00fadia pou\u017eite <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/kurz-japones-gratis-study-guide\/\">sprievodcu bezplatn\u00fdm kurzom japon\u010diny<\/a> a vr\u00e1\u0165te sa k <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/zakladna-japonska-gramatika\/\">z\u00e1klady japonskej gramatiky<\/a> v\u017edy, ke\u010f potrebujete zopakova\u0165 funkciu ka\u017ed\u00e9ho prvku.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010cast\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o tom, ako tvori\u0165 vety v japon\u010dine<\/h2>\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-435109c75c9d9\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Ak\u00e9 je z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 slovosled vo vete v japon\u010dine?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Japon\u010dina je klasifikovan\u00e1 ako jazyk so z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm slovosledom SOV, ale najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm pravidlom je ponecha\u0165 pr\u00edsudok na konci. Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face skupiny sa m\u00f4\u017eu l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 pod\u013ea kontextu a zamerania, preto\u017ee \u010dastice pom\u00e1haj\u00fa nazna\u010di\u0165 ich funkcie.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-7e0bf4f3df141\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Potrebuje ka\u017ed\u00e1 japonsk\u00e1 veta podmet?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Nie. Podmet, t\u00e9ma a in\u00e9 prvky m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 vynechan\u00e9, ke\u010f s\u00fa u\u017e jasn\u00e9 zo situ\u00e1cie alebo rozhovoru. Veta tvoren\u00e1 iba predik\u00e1tom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v pr\u00edslu\u0161nom kontexte \u00fapln\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-24f6d0360195d\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Kedy m\u00e1m pou\u017ei\u0165 desu vo vete?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Na po\u010diato\u010dnej \u00farovni sa \u3067\u3059 objavuje v zdvoril\u00fdch vyhl\u00e1seniach s podstatn\u00fdmi menami a tie\u017e v kon\u0161trukci\u00e1ch s pr\u00eddavn\u00fdmi menami. Nemal by sa mechanicky prid\u00e1va\u0165 za sloveso v jednoduchom tvare: pou\u017eite \u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059 alebo \u98df\u3079\u308b, nie \u98df\u3079\u308b\u3067\u3059.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-10002cca838fd\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Ako vedie\u0165, ktor\u00fa \u010dasticu pou\u017ei\u0165?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Identifikujte vz\u0165ah medzi skupinou a predik\u00e1tom: t\u00e9ma, subjekt, objekt, cie\u013e, \u010das alebo miesto deja, napr\u00edklad. Vyhnite sa v\u00fdberu \u010dastice len na z\u00e1klade pevn\u00e9ho prekladu do portugal\u010diny.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-8988059df32be\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Ako tr\u00e9nova\u0165 tvorbu viet bez prekladania slovo po slove?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Zapam\u00e4tajte si kr\u00e1tky vzor a nahr\u00e1dzajte v\u017edy jeden prvok. Potom prid\u00e1vajte \u010das, miesto alebo predmet, pri\u010dom v\u017edy zachov\u00e1vajte pr\u00edsudok a kontrolujte funkciu ozna\u010den\u00fa ka\u017edou \u010dasticou.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nau\u010dte sa tvori\u0165 vety v japon\u010dine od pr\u00edsudku, organizovan\u00edm ka\u017edej skupiny s \u010dasticami a vyh\u00fdban\u00edm sa doslovn\u00fdm prekladom.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":85,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[60,1],"tags":[71,2,3],"class_list":["post-2447","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vocabulario-japones","category-japones","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2447","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2447"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2447\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4399,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2447\/revisions\/4399"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/85"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2447"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2447"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2447"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}