{"id":284,"date":"2015-03-28T20:26:22","date_gmt":"2015-03-28T23:26:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=284"},"modified":"2018-03-15T01:08:41","modified_gmt":"2018-03-15T04:08:41","slug":"zakladne-castice-cast-1-%e3%81%af-a-%e3%81%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/particulas-basicas-parte-1-%e3%81%af-e-%e3%81%8c\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 \u010dastice - \u010das\u0165 1 (\u306f a \u304c)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"42f50e0ef69d15b5aee26f1ed3eeb18c\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-289 size-full\" title=\"Japonsk\u00e9 \u010dastice\" src=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/what-are-the-particles-in-japanese-and-how-to-use-the-particles-21647566.jpg\" alt=\"Japonsk\u00e9 \u010dastice\" width=\"400\" height=\"233\" srcset=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/what-are-the-particles-in-japanese-and-how-to-use-the-particles-21647566.jpg 400w, https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/what-are-the-particles-in-japanese-and-how-to-use-the-particles-21647566-300x175.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Pripravte sa. Tu sa za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa nepr\u00edjemn\u00e9 drobnosti t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa tohto \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9ho jazyka.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1padniari \u010dastice ve\u013emi nen\u00e1vidia, preto\u017ee vo v\u0161eobecnosti nem\u00e1me ekvivalent v \u017eiadnom z\u00e1padnom jazyku, tak\u017ee sa mus\u00edme dr\u017ea\u0165 ich funk\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Nie je to nemo\u017en\u00e9, ale \u010dasto sa n\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017ee sta\u0165, \u017ee sa pom\u00fdlime v tom, kedy m\u00f4\u017eeme umiestni\u0165 t\u00fa alebo on\u00fa \u010dasticu, preto\u017ee maj\u00fa podobn\u00e9 funkcie.<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u017ee sk\u00f4r, ako si budete trha\u0165 vlasy, vedzte, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 si ich osvoji\u0165 v\u010faka intenz\u00edvnemu pou\u017e\u00edvaniu, t. j. \u010d\u00edm viac budete \u010d\u00edta\u0165 a po\u010du\u0165 tieto \u010dastice vlo\u017een\u00e9 do nejak\u00e9ho kontextu, t\u00fdm viac si tento pojem automaticky postupne osvoj\u00edte.<\/p>\n<p>V\u017edy trv\u00e1me na tom, \u017ee by ste sa nemali sna\u017ei\u0165 pochopi\u0165 pr\u00ed\u010dinu vec\u00ed, ale sk\u00f4r ich prija\u0165. Tak\u017ee tento pr\u00edspevok, rovnako ako ostatn\u00e9, bude z\u00e1kladom, aby ste po pochopen\u00ed, \u010do s\u00fa \u010dastice, mohli postupne skuto\u010dne uchov\u00e1va\u0165 ich v sebe bez toho, aby ste sa museli nevyhnutne stara\u0165 o ich gramatick\u00fa funk\u010dnos\u0165.<\/p>\n<h2>Tak \u010do keby sme za\u010dali?<\/h2>\n<p>\u010castice ur\u010duj\u00fa vz\u0165ah medzi jedn\u00fdm slovom a druh\u00fdm, medzi slovesami a slovami vo vete.<\/p>\n<p>In\u00fdmi slovami, s\u00fa to \"odkazy\", ktor\u00e9 existuj\u00fa v japonskom jazyku. To z nich nevyhnutne nerob\u00ed predlo\u017eky v portugal\u010dine.<\/p>\n<p>V skuto\u010dnosti je to \u010faleko od toho.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4\u017eu ud\u00e1va\u0165 smer, o kom hovor\u00edte, kde hovor\u00edte, \u010do komu patr\u00ed a podobne...<\/p>\n<p>Ako vid\u00edte, ve\u013emi sa l\u00ed\u0161ia od predlo\u017eiek.<\/p>\n<p>Ale to, \u017ee je to \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9, neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee je to nemo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00f4jdeme pomaly?<\/p>\n<h2>\u00a0\u010castice \u306f(wa)<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-288 size-full\" title=\"Japonsk\u00e1 \u010dastica \u306f ha\" src=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/ha.png\" alt=\"Japonsk\u00e1 \u010dastica \u306f ha\" width=\"204\" height=\"262\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ak pozn\u00e1te japonsk\u00fa abecedu hiragana, viete, \u017ee t\u00e1to slabika (\u306f) sa v skuto\u010dnosti \u010d\u00edta ako: ha (rr\u00e1).<\/p>\n<p>Tak pre\u010do som dal wa do z\u00e1tvoriek?<\/p>\n<p>Pre\u010do sa slabika \u306f, ktor\u00e1 sa pou\u017e\u00edva ako \u010dastica, \u010d\u00edta ako wa (u\u00e1)?<\/p>\n<p>Pre\u010do?<\/p>\n<p>Hmmm, nem\u00e1m predstavu, mus\u00edm sa prizna\u0165. Mo\u017eno to m\u00e1 nie\u010do spolo\u010dn\u00e9 s kore\u0148mi jazyka, ale najlep\u0161ie je ne\u0161pekulova\u0165, nie?<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1to \u010dastica sa pou\u017e\u00edva na ozna\u010denie predmetu vety, o \u010dom sa hovor\u00ed. Stru\u010dne povedan\u00e9, je to t\u00e9ma vety.<\/p>\n<p>\u308f\u305f\u3057<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u306f<\/span><\/strong>\u30d9\u30a2\u30c8\u30ea\u30b9\u3067\u3059\u3002 Ja<strong> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Ja som<\/span><\/strong> Beatriz.<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u306f<\/strong><\/span>\u3048\u3093\u3074\u3064\u3067\u3059\u3002 Toto <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u00e9<\/span><\/strong> ceruzku.<\/p>\n<p>Vid\u00edte? Nie je to predlo\u017eka, tak\u017ee neexistuje spr\u00e1vny preklad.<\/p>\n<p>Uv\u00e1dza len, o kom alebo o \u010dom sa hovor\u00ed, a \"odkazuje\" na to. Pri preklade by ste teda mali pou\u017ei\u0165 ten, ktor\u00fd najlep\u0161ie zodpoved\u00e1 v\u00e1\u0161mu jazyku.<\/p>\n<p>V tomto pr\u00edpade <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Ja som<\/strong><\/span> e <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u00e9<\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00a0\u010castice \u304c (ga)<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-287 size-full\" title=\"\u010castice \u304c (ga)\" src=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/ga.png\" alt=\"\u010castice \u304c (ga)\" width=\"203\" height=\"259\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>O tomto nemus\u00edm ve\u013ea hovori\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1to \u010dastica ozna\u010duje predmet vety, osobu, ktorej sa pripisuje nejak\u00e1 vlastnos\u0165 alebo ktor\u00e1 vykon\u00e1va nejak\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>\u010casto sa zamie\u0148a s \u010dasticou \u306f, preto\u017ee m\u00e1 podobn\u00fa funkciu.<\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f\u017ee ozna\u010denie predmetu vety a t\u00e9my vety sa v pr\u00edpade \u010dastice \u306f \u010dasto jav\u00ed ako to ist\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>\u3064\u304d<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u304c<\/strong><\/span>\u3067\u308b Vy\u0161iel (narodil sa) mesiac<\/p>\n<p>\u3042\u305f\u307e<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u304c<\/strong><\/span>\u3044\u305f\u3044\u3002 Hlava bol\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V tomto pr\u00edpade neexistuje slovo, ktor\u00e9 by sa uk\u00e1zalo ako preklad \u010dastice \u304c, je tam len preto, \u017ee ukazuje, \u010do je predmetom vety, a ak tomu rozumieme, je to dos\u0165 dobr\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Uvid\u00edme sa nabud\u00face. \u0160\u0165astn\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadium!<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pripravte sa. Tu sa za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa nepr\u00edjemn\u00e9 drobnosti t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa tohto \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9ho jazyka. \u010castice Z\u00e1padniari ve\u013emi nen\u00e1vidia, preto\u017ee vo v\u0161eobecnosti nem\u00e1me v \u017eiadnom z\u00e1padnom jazyku ekvivalent, tak\u017ee sa mus\u00edme dr\u017ea\u0165<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":289,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2,15],"class_list":["post-284","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-japones","tag-idioma-japones","tag-particulas-basicas","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/284","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=284"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/284\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/289"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=284"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=284"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=284"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}