{"id":483,"date":"2016-02-28T21:04:52","date_gmt":"2016-02-29T00:04:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=483"},"modified":"2021-11-23T14:49:35","modified_gmt":"2021-11-23T17:49:35","slug":"vyhody-dvojjazycneho-mozgu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/os-beneficios-de-um-cerebro-bilingue\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdhody dvojjazy\u010dn\u00e9ho mozgu"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"42f50e0ef69d15b5aee26f1ed3eeb18c\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ned\u00e1vno som videl zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 video o <strong>v\u00fdhody dvojjazy\u010dn\u00e9ho mozgu<\/strong> a uvedomil som si, \u017ee sa mus\u00edm nevyhnutne nau\u010di\u0165 plynule druh\u00fd jazyk. Aj ke\u010f to samo o sebe neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee budete m\u00fadrej\u0161\u00ed\/chytrej\u0161ia, \"mal\u00e9\" v\u00fdhody op\u00edsan\u00e9 vo videu stoja za to, aby ste sa sna\u017eili by\u0165 aspo\u0148 dvojjazy\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010eal\u0161ou vecou, ktor\u00e1 sa uk\u00e1zala, bolo, \u017ee nikdy nie je neskoro nau\u010di\u0165 sa nov\u00fd jazyk a \u017ee neexistuje ni\u010d tak\u00e9, ako by\u0165 pr\u00edli\u0161 star\u00fd alebo pr\u00edli\u0161 mlad\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pozrite si video a dozviete sa viac o <a href=\"https:\/\/ed.ted.com\/lessons\/how-speaking-multiple-languages-benefits-the-brain-mia-nacamulli\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">v\u00fdhody dvojjazy\u010dn\u00e9ho mozgu<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"V\u00fdhody dvojjazy\u010dn\u00e9ho mozgu - Mia Nacamulli\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/MMmOLN5zBLY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ni\u017e\u0161ie si m\u00f4\u017eete pozrie\u0165 obsah videa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdhody dvojjazy\u010dn\u00e9ho mozgu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Viete \u0161panielsky? Parlez-vous fran\u00e7ais? \u4f60\u4f1a\u8bf4\u4e2d\u6587\u5417?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ak ste odpovedali \"s\u00ed\", \"oui\" alebo \"\u662f\u7684\" a sledujete tento \u010dl\u00e1nok v angli\u010dtine, pravdepodobne patr\u00edte k dvoj- a viacjazy\u010dnej v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Okrem v\u00fdhod pri cestovan\u00ed alebo sledovan\u00ed filmov bez titulkov znalos\u0165 dvoch alebo viacer\u00fdch jazykov znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00e1\u0161 mozog m\u00f4\u017ee vyzera\u0165 a fungova\u0165 inak ako mozog va\u0161ich jednojazy\u010dn\u00fdch priate\u013eov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010co teda znamen\u00e1 vedie\u0165 jazyk?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jazykov\u00e9 schopnosti sa meraj\u00fa v dvoch akt\u00edvnych \u010dastiach - hovorenie a p\u00edsanie - a v dvoch pas\u00edvnych \u010dastiach - po\u010d\u00favanie a \u010d\u00edtanie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hoci vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fd bilingv\u00e1lny \u010dlovek m\u00e1 takmer rovnak\u00e9 schopnosti v dvoch jazykoch, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina bilingv\u00e1lnych \u013eud\u00ed na svete ovl\u00e1da a pou\u017e\u00edva svoje jazyky v r\u00f4znom pomere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V z\u00e1vislosti od situ\u00e1cie a sp\u00f4sobu osvojenia si jednotliv\u00fdch jazykov ich mo\u017eno rozdeli\u0165 do troch v\u0161eobecn\u00fdch typov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vezmime si napr\u00edklad Gabrielu, ktorej rodina sa pris\u0165ahovala do USA z Peru, ke\u010f mala dva roky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ako zlo\u017een\u00fd bilingv\u00e1lny jazyk Gabriela rozv\u00edja dva jazykov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy s\u00fa\u010dasne, s jedin\u00fdm s\u00faborom pojmov, u\u010d\u00ed sa anglicky a \u0161panielsky, ke\u010f za\u010d\u00edna vn\u00edma\u0165 svet okolo seba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na druhej strane, v\u00e1\u0161 dospievaj\u00faci brat m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 koordinovan\u00fd bilingv\u00e1lny \u017eiak, ktor\u00fd pracuje s dvoma s\u00fabormi pojmov, u\u010d\u00ed sa v \u0161kole po anglicky a z\u00e1rove\u0148 doma a s priate\u013emi hovor\u00ed po \u0161panielsky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Napokon, Gabrielini rodi\u010dia s\u00fa sk\u00f4r podriaden\u00ed bilingvisti, ktor\u00ed sa u\u010dia sekund\u00e1rny jazyk filtrovan\u00edm cez svoj prim\u00e1rny jazyk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u0161etky typy bilingv\u00e1lnych \u013eud\u00ed sa m\u00f4\u017eu sta\u0165 zdatn\u00fdmi v jazyku bez oh\u013eadu na pr\u00edzvuk alebo v\u00fdslovnos\u0165, tak\u017ee rozdiel nemus\u00ed by\u0165 pre n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho pozorovate\u013ea zrejm\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ned\u00e1vne pokroky v technol\u00f3gii zobrazovania mozgu v\u0161ak neurolingvistom priniesli poznatky o tom, ako <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/zrychlene-ucnovske-vzdelavanie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aspekty u\u010denia sa jazykov<\/a> ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa dvojjazy\u010dn\u00fd mozog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vieme, \u017ee \u013eav\u00e1 mozgov\u00e1 hemisf\u00e9ra je dominantnej\u0161ia a analytickej\u0161ia v logick\u00fdch procesoch, zatia\u013e \u010do prav\u00e1 hemisf\u00e9ra je akt\u00edvnej\u0161ia v emocion\u00e1lnych a soci\u00e1lnych procesoch, hoci ide o mieru, nie o absol\u00fatne rozdelenie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee jazyk zah\u0155\u0148a oba typy funkci\u00ed, zatia\u013e \u010do lateraliz\u00e1cia sa vyv\u00edja postupne s vekom, viedla k hypot\u00e9ze kritick\u00e9ho obdobia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pod\u013ea tejto te\u00f3rie sa deti u\u010dia jazyky \u013eahko, preto\u017ee plasticita ich vyv\u00edjaj\u00faceho sa mozgu im umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 pri osvojovan\u00ed si jazyka obe hemisf\u00e9ry, zatia\u013e \u010do u v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny dospel\u00fdch je jazyk v jednej hemisf\u00e9re, zvy\u010dajne v \u013eavej.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ak je to pravda, u\u010denie sa jazyka v detstve m\u00f4\u017ee poskytn\u00fa\u0165 \u0161ir\u0161ie pochopenie jeho soci\u00e1lnych a emocion\u00e1lnych s\u00favislost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na druhej strane, ned\u00e1vny v\u00fdskum uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed sa v dospelosti u\u010dia druh\u00fd jazyk, maj\u00fa pri rie\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mov v druhom jazyku menej emocion\u00e1lnych predsudkov a racion\u00e1lnej\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edstup ako v rodnom jazyku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pri osvojovan\u00ed si \u010fal\u0161\u00edch jazykov to v\u0161ak nevad\u00ed, preto\u017ee viacjazy\u010dnos\u0165 poskytuje v\u00e1\u0161mu mozgu nieko\u013eko pozoruhodn\u00fdch v\u00fdhod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Niektor\u00e9 z nich s\u00fa vidite\u013en\u00e9, napr\u00edklad v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia hustota sivej hmoty, ktor\u00e1 obsahuje v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu mozgov\u00fdch neur\u00f3nov a synapsi\u00ed, a v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia aktivita v ur\u010dit\u00fdch oblastiach pri konverz\u00e1cii v druhom jazyku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Intenz\u00edvny tr\u00e9ning, ktor\u00fd dvojjazy\u010dn\u00fd mozog vykon\u00e1va po\u010das cel\u00e9ho \u017eivota, m\u00f4\u017ee oddiali\u0165 n\u00e1stup chor\u00f4b, ako s\u00fa demencia a Alzheimerova choroba, a\u017e o p\u00e4\u0165 rokov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">My\u0161lienka kognit\u00edvnych v\u00fdhod dvojjazy\u010dnosti sa dnes m\u00f4\u017ee zda\u0165 intuit\u00edvna, ale v minulosti by odborn\u00edkov prekvapila.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pred rokom 1960 sa dvojjazy\u010dnos\u0165 pova\u017eovala za hendikep, ktor\u00fd spoma\u013euje v\u00fdvoj det\u00ed, preto\u017ee ich n\u00fati vynaklada\u0165 energiu na rozli\u0161ovanie medzi dvoma jazykmi, \u010do bol n\u00e1zor zalo\u017een\u00fd na chybn\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A hoci nov\u0161ia \u0161t\u00fadia uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee reak\u010dn\u00fd \u010das a chyby sa u niektor\u00fdch bilingv\u00e1lnych \u0161tudentov pri medzijazykov\u00fdch testoch zvy\u0161uj\u00fa, uk\u00e1zala tie\u017e, \u017ee \u00fasilie a pozornos\u0165 potrebn\u00e9 na prep\u00ednanie medzi jazykmi vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu aktivitu a potenci\u00e1lne posil\u0148uj\u00fa dorsolater\u00e1lnu prefront\u00e1lnu k\u00f4ru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ide o \u010das\u0165 mozgu, ktor\u00e1 zohr\u00e1va hlavn\u00fa \u00falohu pri v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch funkci\u00e1ch, rie\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mov, prep\u00ednan\u00ed medzi \u00falohami a koncentr\u00e1cii t\u00fdm, \u017ee filtruje nepodstatn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dvojjazy\u010dnos\u0165 v\u00e1s s\u00edce nemus\u00ed urobi\u0165 m\u00fadrej\u0161\u00edmi, ale v\u00e1\u0161 mozog je v\u010faka nej zdrav\u0161\u00ed, komplexnej\u0161\u00ed a akt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00ed, a aj ke\u010f ste nemali to \u0161\u0165astie a nenau\u010dili ste sa druh\u00fd jazyk v detstve, nikdy nie je neskoro urobi\u0165 si l\u00e1skavos\u0165 a zmeni\u0165 jazykov\u00e9 znalosti z \"Hello\" na \"Hola\", \"Bonjour\" alebo \"\u60a8\u597d\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Preto\u017ee ke\u010f ide o n\u00e1\u0161 mozog, trocha cviku m\u00f4\u017ee znamena\u0165 dlh\u00fa cestu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148 japonsk\u00e9ho jazyka<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toto boli v\u00fdhody dvojjazy\u010dn\u00e9ho mozgu, p\u00e1\u010dilo sa v\u00e1m video? R\u00e1d by som vyu\u017eil t\u00fato pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 a odovzdal d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd odkaz v\u0161etk\u00fdm, ktor\u00ed sa chc\u00fa sta\u0165 plynul\u00fdmi v japon\u010dine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bud\u00faci utorok 19\/09\/17 sa bude vysiela\u0165 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/in\/9-semana-do-japones\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prv\u00e9 japonsk\u00e9 video t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148a<\/a>, bezplatn\u00e9 podujatie organizovan\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/programa-japones-online\/\">\u5148\u751f Luiz Rafael<\/a>Japon\u010dina je skvel\u00fd sp\u00f4sob, ako sa nau\u010di\u0165 japonsky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Podujatie trv\u00e1 do 6.3.2016, tak\u017ee nestr\u00e1cajte \u010das a zaregistrujte sa u\u017e teraz, aby ste mohli sledova\u0165 vide\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><a class=\"fasc-button fasc-size-large fasc-type-flat fasc-rounded-medium fasc-ico-before dashicons-format-video\" style=\"background-color: #eb151c; color: #ffffff;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/in\/9-semana-do-japones\/\">Zaregistrujte sa na Japonsk\u00fd t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148 kliknut\u00edm sem!<\/a><\/p>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u010clovek by si myslel, \u017ee \u010dlovek, ktor\u00fd ovl\u00e1da viac ako jeden jazyk, bude ma\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00fa v\u00fdhodu oproti \u010dloveku, ktor\u00fd je jednojazy\u010dn\u00fd. Chcete pozna\u0165 v\u00fdhody dvojjazy\u010dn\u00e9ho mozgu?<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":485,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[28,2],"class_list":["post-483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dicas","tag-aprendizado-acelerado","tag-idioma-japones","resize-featured-image"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/483","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=483"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/483\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/485"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=483"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=483"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=483"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}