{"id":1614,"date":"2009-11-11T06:18:45","date_gmt":"2009-11-11T08:18:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1614"},"modified":"2018-03-06T17:46:06","modified_gmt":"2018-03-06T20:46:06","slug":"japonski-besedni-red","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/ordem-das-palavras-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Vrstni red besed v japon\u0161\u010dini"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"a8d57f2815830ab33b1e7afc05ed7716\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Ugotovite zdaj\u00a0<strong>besedni red v japon\u0161\u010dini <\/strong>in se ne zapletajte ve\u010d!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Poznavanje osnov tvorjenja fraz ali stavkov v japon\u0161\u010dini nam omogo\u010da, da postanemo bolj teko\u010di in tvorimo svoje stavke v skladu s potrebami. Za to morate vedeti, kako organizirati besede in uporabljati pravilna slovni\u010dna sredstva, da boste lahko izrazili, kar \u017eelite, da vas bo razumel vsak materni govorec japon\u0161\u010dine.<\/p>\n<h2>Vrstni red besed v japon\u0161\u010dini<\/h2>\n<p>\u010ce tega ne zmoremo, se bomo te\u017eko izra\u017eali in sporo\u010dali, kaj \u017eelimo, hkrati pa ne bomo mogli razumeti nobenega sporo\u010dila v japon\u0161\u010dini. Prvi korak k poznavanju jezika je torej poznavanje tega, kako so besede razporejene v stavke.<\/p>\n<h2>Toda kaj je stavek?<\/h2>\n<p>Besedna zveza ali stavek je preprosto urejeno zaporedje besed. S tem zaporedjem besed lahko izjavljamo, spra\u0161ujemo, izra\u017eamo misli, zahtevamo, izra\u017eamo svoje mnenje itd.<\/p>\n<p>V portugal\u0161\u010dini se stavek obi\u010dajno za\u010dne z veliko za\u010detnico in kon\u010da s piko, bodisi s piko, vzklikalnikom, vpra\u0161alnikom ali drugim znakom, ki ozna\u010duje konec stavka.<\/p>\n<p>V primeru <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/\">Japonski jezik<\/a>Ker ni velikih in malih \u010drk, za\u010detek stavka ni ozna\u010den. V bolj obi\u010dajnih besedilih so odstavki ozna\u010deni s presledkom med njimi, v\u010dasih pa imajo tudi vrsti\u010dne alineje.<\/p>\n<p>V japon\u0161\u010dini je konec stavka ozna\u010den s simbolom \"\u3002\" ali preprosto z znakom \".\", kot je na\u0161a pika.<\/p>\n<p>Za vzklike in vpra\u0161alnike ni posebnih oznak, podobnih na\u0161im \"?\" in \"!\". V japon\u0161\u010dini sta ta znaka neobvezna in se ne uporabljata vedno.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Primeri:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Tanaka-san wa nihonjin. Gospod Tanaka Japonski biti.\">\u305f\u304b\u306a\u3055\u3093\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym>\u00a0( gospod Tanaka Japonski biti. )<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Amanda-chan wa amerikajin desu ka. | Miss American Amanda be?\">\u30a2\u30de\u30f3\u30c0\u3061\u3083\u3093\u306f\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f<\/acronym>\u00a0(Miss Amanda American be. )<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Nihongo ga hanasemasen yo. Japonci ne znajo govoriti!\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3088\uff01<\/acronym>\u00a0( Japonci ne znajo govoriti! )<\/p>\n<h2>Primerjava stavkov v portugal\u0161\u010dini in japon\u0161\u010dini<\/h2>\n<p>V portugal\u0161\u010dini lahko vse obi\u010dajne stavke razdelimo na tri dele: predmet, glagol in predmet. Poleg tega je v portugal\u0161\u010dini najbolj logi\u010dno, da je stavek sestavljen tako, da je najprej predmet, nato glagol in nazadnje predmet ali predikat.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Primeri:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Predmet + glagol + predmet<\/p>\n<p>Vsak dan jem su\u0161i<\/p>\n<p>Sara nosi rde\u010da o\u010dala<\/p>\n<p>Marcos ima modri avto<\/p>\n<p>V skladu s portugalsko slovnico je stavek \u0161e vedno razdeljen na dva dela: subjekt in predikat. Menim, da je to najpogostej\u0161a delitev stavkov v portugal\u0161\u010dini.<\/p>\n<p>Predmet je glavni del stavka. Obi\u010dajno je sestavljen iz samostalnika ali zaimka. Je tudi prvi predmet, ki ga najdemo v obi\u010dajnem stavku.<\/p>\n<p>Predikat je vse, kar se govori ali omenja o predmetu. Na splo\u0161no je predikat sestavljen iz glagola in dopolnila, ki skupaj izra\u017eata nekaj pomembnega o predmetu stavka.<\/p>\n<p>V japon\u0161\u010dini so stavki urejeni nekoliko druga\u010de. V preprostih stavkih najprej najdemo predmet stavka, nato predmet in nazadnje glagol. Na ta na\u010din lahko opazimo rahlo inverzijo v osnovnem zaporedju japonskih stavkov, ki tvorijo tako imenovano zaporedje SOV (subjekt + objekt + glagol).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Primeri:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Predmet + predmet + glagol<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Watashi wa mainichi sushi o taberu. Su\u0161i jem vsak dan.\">\u79c1\u306f\u6bce\u65e5\u3059\u3057\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3002<\/acronym>( Su\u0161i jem vsak dan. )<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Ok\u0101san ga pan o kaimashita. | Moja mama je kupila kruh.\">\u304a\u6bcd\u3055\u3093\u304c\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/acronym>\u00a0(Moja mama je kupila kruh.)<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Kanojo wa eiga o mimashita. | Ona film watch.\">\u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/acronym>\u00a0( Gleda film. )<\/p>\n<h2>Druge ugotovitve o japonskih frazah<\/h2>\n<p>Obstajajo tudi druge pomembne ugotovitve o organizaciji in sestavi <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/japonski-besednjak\/\">Japonske fraze<\/a>. Te posebnosti je treba upo\u0161tevati, kadar koli govorite ali <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/napisati-japonska-okna\/\">pisanje v japon\u0161\u010dini<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1. Na koncu stavkov ne najdemo vedno lastnega glagola, temve\u010d neke vrste pomo\u017eni glagol ali vljudnostni pomo\u017eni glagol, ki prevzame pomen glagola.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Primer:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Yamada-san nihonjin desu. Gospod Yamada Japonec biti.\">\u5c71\u7530\u3055\u3093\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba<span style=\"color: #ff9900\">\u3067\u3059<\/span>\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"desu | ser\">\u3067\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0je vljudnostni pomo\u017eni \u010dlen, ki ima pomen glagola. V na\u0161em primeru ima pomen glagola biti v japon\u0161\u010dini.<\/p>\n<p>2. Logi\u010dno zaporedje besed ni togo za elemente, ki niso del zaporedja SOV (subjekt + objekt + glagol), kot so prislovi \u010dasa ali kraja. V takih primerih se ti elementi lahko pojavijo pred ali takoj za predmetom povedi.<\/p>\n<p>3. Modifikatorji ali kvalifikatorji, kot so pridevniki, so vedno pred modificiranim elementom. Zato se pridevniki vedno pojavljajo pred samostalniki, ki jim pripisujejo lastnost.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Primeri:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Kare wa mainichi uchi de shinbun o takusan yomimasu. Vsak dan bere \u010dasopis.\">\u5f7c\u306f\u6bce\u65e5\u5bb6\u3067\u65b0\u805e\u3092\u6ca2\u5c71\u8aad\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Shinbun wa teeburu no ue ni ga arimasu. | Top table newspaper in estar.\">\u65b0\u805e\u306f\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Kanojo wa honya de hon o kaimashita. | Ona knjigarna eden kupil.\">\u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u672c\u5c4b\u3067\u672c\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Nepopolni stavki<\/h2>\n<p>Tako v japon\u0161\u010dini kot v vseh drugih jezikih na svetu se v stavkih pogosto uporabljajo implicitni elementi. Z drugimi besedami, stavek je mogo\u010de razumeti, ne da bi uporabili njegov kontekst kot podlago ali dopolnilo sporo\u010dilu, ki ga posreduje.<\/p>\n<p>V japonskih stavkih je predmet ali osrednja tema stavka obi\u010dajno izpu\u0161\u010dena v primerih, ko je ta element \u017ee jasno omenjen ali zelo o\u010diten. Na primer:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Kore wa nan desu ka? To je tisto, kar naj bi bilo?\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Kore wa hon desu. Ta knjiga bo.\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u672c\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym>( slovni\u010dno pri\u010dakovan odgovor )<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Hon desu. | Book to be.\">\u672c\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym>\u00a0(najpogosteje uporabljen odgovor)<\/p>\n<p>Druga pogosta oblika nepopolnih stavkov je izpustitev zaimka \"ti\". Japonci ta zaimek raje izpu\u0161\u010dajo, saj so stavki tudi brez njega jasno razumljivi iz konteksta. Poleg tega za Japonce zaimek \"ti\" ali \"vi\" ni preve\u010d vljuden.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Anata wa nani o kaimashita ka. | Kaj ste kupili?\">\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306f\u4f55\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002<\/acronym>\u00a0(slovni\u010dno pri\u010dakovani stavek)<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Nani o kaimashita ka. | Kaj ste kupili?\">\u4f55\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002<\/acronym>\u00a0(Najpogosteje uporabljena fraza)<\/p>\n<p>Kljub temu da jih Japonci imenujejo nepopolni stavki, so za njih popolni. Zdi se, da njihova filozofija temelji na pregovoru: \"Za dobro razumevanje je dovolj pol besede (ali stavka).\"<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nau\u010dite se japonskega besednega reda zdaj in se ne zmedite ve\u010d! \u010ce v japonskem jeziku poznamo osnove tvorjenja besednih zvez ali stavkov, lahko postanemo bolj teko\u010di in iz ni\u010d oblikujemo svoje stavke.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":85,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[2,3],"class_list":["post-1614","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/nihongo_idioma.jpg?fit=477%2C296&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":3612,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/jisho-dicionario-de-japones-gratis-e-online\/","url_meta":{"origin":1614,"position":0},"title":"Jisho - Brezpla\u010dni spletni japonski slovar","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"4 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Para quem entende um pouco de ingl\u00eas, ou n\u00e3o liga em se esfor\u00e7ar um pouco mais, o dicion\u00e1rio de japon\u00eas Jisho pode ser um bom lugar para encontrar o significado de kanjis e palavras em japon\u00eas. O Jisho \u00e9 um dicion\u00e1rio de japon\u00eas gr\u00e1tis e online baseado nos dicion\u00e1rios de\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Dicas de Japon\u00eas&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Dicas de Japon\u00eas","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/dicas-de-japones\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Jisho dicion\u00e1rio de japon\u00eas gr\u00e1tis","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/jisho-dicionario-de-japones-gratis-no-mozilla-firefox.gif?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":12,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/como-aprender-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1614,"position":1},"title":"Kako se nau\u010diti japon\u0161\u010dine","author":"Rafael Avelino","date":"24 de avgust de 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprender o idioma japon\u00eas, pode at\u00e9 ser um pouco dif\u00edcil no come\u00e7o, mas sabendo a maneira correta para aprender, pode deixar muito mais f\u00e1cil seu aprendizado. Como meu Sensei explicou, para uma pessoa ser fluente em um idioma, que no caso \u00e9 o japon\u00eas, depende de alguns fatores e o\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Japon\u00eas&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Japon\u00eas","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/japones\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"bandeira japao","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/bandeira_japao.jpg?fit=500%2C313&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1661,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/sujeito-das-frases-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1614,"position":2},"title":"Predmet stavka v japon\u0161\u010dini","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda mais sobre\u00a0o sujeito das frases em japon\u00eas no nihongo! Como j\u00e1 estudamos\u00a0a ordem das palavras nas frases em japon\u00eas, sabemos que elas possuem uma organiza\u00e7\u00e3o inversa das palavras na l\u00edngua portuguesa. Nas frases em japon\u00eas, geralmente a ordem das palavras \u00e9\u00a0sujeito\u00a0+\u00a0objeto\u00a0(predicado ou resto da frase) +\u00a0verbo. Para ficar mais\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"O sujeito das frases em japon\u00eas - part\u00edcula WA ","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/ha-150x150.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":3876,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/5-sites-baixar-audio-frases-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1614,"position":3},"title":"5 spletnih strani za prenos zvo\u010dnih japonskih fraz","author":"Rafael Avelino","date":"22 de april de 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Veja 5 sites para baixar \u00e1udios de frases em japon\u00eas! Existem uma infinidade de sites em que voc\u00ea coloca a frase que deseja em japon\u00eas e al\u00e9m de ouvir na voz de um nativo do idioma poder\u00e1 fazer o download do arquivo mp3. Logo abaixo vou indicar sites que voc\u00ea\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Japon\u00eas&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Japon\u00eas","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/japones\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"5 Sites para baixar \u00e1udio de Frases em Japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/5-sites-para-baixar-audio-frases-em-japones.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/5-sites-para-baixar-audio-frases-em-japones.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/5-sites-para-baixar-audio-frases-em-japones.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/5-sites-para-baixar-audio-frases-em-japones.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/5-sites-para-baixar-audio-frases-em-japones.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2447,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/como-formar-frases-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1614,"position":4},"title":"Kako tvoriti stavke v japon\u0161\u010dini","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"11 de oktober de 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda agora a\u00a0como formar frases em japon\u00eas! Formar frases em japon\u00eas\u00a0\u00e9 um processo simples do lado pr\u00e1tico, mas complexo do lado gramatical. Isso exige um vocabul\u00e1rio b\u00e1sico e um conhecimento m\u00ednimo de gram\u00e1tica japonesa. Como formar frases em japon\u00eas Como muitos leitores do\u00a0L\u00edngua Japonesa\u00a0me enviam e-mails com d\u00favidas sobre como\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Vocabul\u00e1rio japon\u00eas&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Vocabul\u00e1rio japon\u00eas","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/vocabulario-japones\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Como formar frases em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/nihongo_idioma.jpg?fit=477%2C296&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":319,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/adicionar-audio-anki-plugin-awesometts\/","url_meta":{"origin":1614,"position":5},"title":"Kako dodati zvok v anki z vti\u010dnikom AwesomeTTS","author":"Rafael Avelino","date":"25 de maj de 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Nau\u010dite se, kako dodati zvok v Anki z AwesomeTTS! Vsi vemo, da je Anki najmo\u010dnej\u0161a aplikacija za mobilne telefone in ra\u010dunalnike za u\u010dinkovito u\u010denje novega jezika ali \u010desa drugega s pomnjenjem. Toda kako lahko kar najbolje izkoristim njene mo\u017enosti? Ali obstaja bolj\u0161i na\u010din?","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Anki&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Anki","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/anki\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"plugin_Anki_AwesomeTTS","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/plugin_Anki_AwesomeTTS.png?fit=500%2C361&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1614","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1614"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1614\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/85"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1614"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1614"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1614"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}