{"id":1648,"date":"2009-11-03T04:28:06","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T06:28:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1648"},"modified":"2026-08-10T20:53:34","modified_gmt":"2026-08-10T23:53:34","slug":"ko-poraba-nan-ali-nani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/quando-usar-nan-ou-nani\/","title":{"rendered":"Nani in nan v japon\u0161\u010dini: pomen in kdaj ju uporabiti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kand\u017ei \u4f55<\/strong> pomeni \u201ckaj\u201d in ima dve zelo pogosti branji: \u306a\u306b (nani)<\/strong> e \u306a\u3093 (nan)<\/strong>. Na splo\u0161no uporabite nani<\/strong> ko \u4f55 deluje kot vpra\u0161alnica pred delci, kot so \u3092, \u304c in \u306b; uporabite nan<\/strong> pred \u3067\u3059, \u306e in pred \u0161tevilnimi \u0161tevniki ali enotami, kot so \u6642, \u4eba, \u6b73 in \u679a.<\/p>\n\n

Izbira ni odvisna od formalnosti. Odvisna je od strukture, ki sledi \u4f55, in v nekaterih primerih od \u017ee uveljavljene kombinacije. U\u010denje najpogostej\u0161ih vzorcev je bolj uporabno kot posku\u0161ati prevesti vsak znak posebej.<\/p>\n\n

Kaj pomenita nani in nan v japon\u0161\u010dini?<\/h2>\n\n

Nani<\/strong> e nan<\/strong> nista dve besedi z nasprotnim pomenom. Sta branji istega kanjija, \u4f55<\/strong>, ki se uporablja za vpra\u0161anje \u201ckaj\u201d, \u201ckateri\u201d ali \u201ckoliko\u201d, odvisno od konstrukcije.<\/p>\n\n

Za\u010detno gradivo Irodori fundacije Japan Foundation izrecno predstavlja obe branji \u4f55<\/a>: \u306a\u3093<\/strong> z \u3067\u3059\u304b in v kombinacijah, kot sta \u4f55\u6b73 in \u4f55\u6642; \u306a\u306b<\/strong> z delci v primerih, kot sta \u4f55\u3092 in \u4f55\u304c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Uporabljajte predvsem<\/th>Vzorec<\/th>Primer<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u306a\u306b (nani)<\/strong><\/td>\u4f55 + delec, kot so \u3092, \u304c, \u306b, \u3082 in \u304b<\/td>\u4f55\u3092\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u306a\u3093 (nan)<\/strong><\/td>\u4f55 + \u3067\u3059\uff0f\u3060<\/td>\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u306a\u3093 (nan)<\/strong><\/td>\u4f55 + \u0161tevnik, enota ali fiksna kombinacija<\/td>\u4f55\u6642\u3001\u4f55\u4eba\u3001\u4f55\u6b73<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u306a\u3093 (nan)<\/strong><\/td>\u4f55 + \u306e<\/td>\u4f55\u306e\u672c\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

Ta tabela je prakti\u010dno pravilo za za\u010detnike. Obstajajo kombinacije, ki se jih je treba nau\u010diti kot enoto, in \u4f55\u3067<\/strong> si zaslu\u017ei posebno pozornost, ker lahko branje spremeni interpretacijo.<\/p>\n\n

Kdaj uporabiti nani (\u306a\u306b)<\/h2>\n\n

Uporabite \u306a\u306b<\/strong> ko se \u4f55 pojavi kot vpra\u0161alnica pred delci, ki ozna\u010dujejo njeno funkcijo v stavku. To se pogosto zgodi pred \u3092<\/strong>, \u304c<\/strong>, \u306b<\/strong> e \u3082<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

\u4f55\u3092\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u306a\u306b\u3092 \u306e\u307f\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002
\nNani o nomimasu ka?<\/em>
\nKaj bo\u0161 pil?<\/p>\n\n

\u4f55\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u306a\u306b\u304c \u3072\u3064\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002
\nNani ga hitsuy\u014d desu ka?<\/em>
\nKaj je potrebno?<\/p>\n\n

\u4f55\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u306a\u306b\u306b \u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002
\nNani ni shimasu ka?<\/em>
\nKatero bo\u0161 izbral?<\/p>\n\n

Enak vzorec se pojavi pri \u4f55\u304b<\/strong> (nanika<\/em>, \u201cnekaj\u201d ali \u201ckarkoli\u201d) in \u4f55\u3082<\/strong> (nanimo<\/em>). V nikalnih stavkih, \u4f55\u3082<\/strong> obi\u010dajno pomeni \u201cni\u010d\u201d: \u4f55\u3082\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/strong> (Nanimo tabemasen<\/em>, \u201cNi\u010desar ne jem\u201d). A Japan Foundation bele\u017ei \u4f55\u304b kot \u306a\u306b\u304b in \u4f55\u306b kot \u306a\u306b\u306b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Da bi razumeli, kako te besede vstopajo v celotno vpra\u0161anje, si oglejte vodnik o vpra\u0161anja v japon\u0161\u010dini<\/a> in pregled o Japonski delci<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Kdaj uporabiti nan (\u306a\u3093)<\/h2>\n\n

Uporabite \u306a\u3093<\/strong> pred \u3067\u3059<\/strong> e \u3060<\/strong>. V tem okolju kratka oblika naredi izgovorjavo naravno:<\/p>\n\n

\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u3053\u308c\u306f \u306a\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002
\nKore wa nan desu ka?<\/em>
\nKaj je to?<\/p>\n\n

\u3042\u308c\u306f\u4f55\u3060\u3063\u305f\uff1f<\/strong>
\n\u3042\u308c\u306f \u306a\u3093\u3060\u3063\u305f\uff1f
\nAre wa nan datta?<\/em>
\nKaj je bilo to?<\/p>\n\n

\u010clanek o \u3067\u3059 v japon\u0161\u010dini<\/a> pojasnjuje razliko v registru med \u3067\u3059 in \u3060 ter njunimi pregibnimi oblikami.<\/p>\n\n

Nan<\/strong> se pojavlja tudi v razli\u010dnih kombinacijah s \u0161tevniki, \u010dasom in koli\u010dino:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Oblika<\/th>Branje<\/th>Pomen<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u4f55\u6642<\/td>\u306a\u3093\u3058 \u2014 nanji<\/em><\/td>koliko je ura<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u4f55\u4eba<\/td>\u306a\u3093\u306b\u3093 \u2014 nannin<\/em><\/td>koliko ljudi<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u4f55\u6b73<\/td>\u306a\u3093\u3055\u3044 \u2014 nansai<\/em><\/td>koliko je star<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u4f55\u679a<\/td>\u306a\u3093\u307e\u3044 \u2014 nanmai<\/em><\/td>koliko ravnih predmetov<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u4f55\u66dc\u65e5<\/td>\u306a\u3093\u3088\u3046\u3073 \u2014 nan-y\u014dbi<\/em><\/td>kateri dan v tednu<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

Ni dovolj, da za \u4f55 vidi\u0161 samostalnik in samodejno izbere\u0161 nan. Nau\u010di se vsako pogosto kombinacijo z njenim branjem. Vodnik po kanji japon\u0161\u010dina<\/a> poka\u017ee, kako se u\u010diti branja znotraj besed in kontekstov, namesto da bi si zapomnil izolirane vrednosti.<\/p>\n\n

Zakaj se \u4f55\u306e bere nanno?<\/h2>\n\n

Kombinacija \u4f55\u306e<\/strong> se bere \u306a\u3093\u306e (nanno)<\/strong> in spra\u0161uje \u201ckaj\u201d, \u201ckateri\u201d ali \u201co \u010dem\u201d pred samostalnikom:<\/p>\n\n

\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4f55\u306e\u672c\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u3053\u308c\u306f \u306a\u3093\u306e \u307b\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002
\nKore wa nanno hon desu ka?<\/em>
\nKatera knjiga je to?<\/p>\n\n

\u4f55\u306e\u304a\u795d\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u306a\u3093\u306e \u304a\u3044\u308f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002
\nNanno oiwai desu ka?<\/em>
\nQual \u00e9 a ocasi\u00e3o da comemora\u00e7\u00e3o?<\/p>\n\n

O segundo exemplo e sua leitura aparecem no Irodori em uma atividade sobre comemora\u00e7\u00f5es<\/a>. Ele mostra por que \u201cpart\u00edcula depois de \u4f55\u201d \u00e9 apenas uma orienta\u00e7\u00e3o inicial: \u306e<\/strong> forma uma combina\u00e7\u00e3o consagrada com \u306a\u3093<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

\u4f55\u3067: nanide ou nande?<\/h2>\n\n

Ko \u3067<\/strong> marca instrumento, meio ou transporte, a leitura ensinada de forma clara para iniciantes \u00e9 \u306a\u306b\u3067 (nanide)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n

\u5b66\u6821\u307e\u3067\u4f55\u3067\u6765\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u304c\u3063\u3053\u3046\u307e\u3067 \u306a\u306b\u3067 \u304d\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002
\nGakk\u014d made nanide kimasu ka?<\/em>
\nComo voc\u00ea vem at\u00e9 a escola? \/ Por qual meio voc\u00ea vem?<\/p>\n\n

Esse uso \u00e9 confirmado pelo Irodori ao explicar perguntas sobre meio e transporte<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Na fala cotidiana, \u306a\u3093\u3067 (nande)<\/strong> \u00e9 muito usado com o sentido de \u201cpor qu\u00ea\u201d. Como a escrita pode ser id\u00eantica, o contexto e a pron\u00fancia resolvem a interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o. Para evitar ambiguidade ao perguntar a raz\u00e3o, iniciantes tamb\u00e9m podem usar \u3069\u3046\u3057\u3066 (d\u014dshite)<\/strong> ali \u306a\u305c (naze)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

Por isso, a frase antiga \u3053\u306e\u30b1\u30fc\u30ad\u3092\u4f55\u3067\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b<\/strong>, com leitura \u306a\u306b\u3067<\/strong>, ne vpra\u0161aj \u201ckatera torta\u201d. Vpra\u0161a \u201cS \u010dim bomo jedli to torto?\u201d<\/strong>, na primer z vilico ali \u017elico.<\/p>\n\n

Pogoste napake pri izbiri nan ali nani<\/h2>\n\n