{"id":1686,"date":"2009-11-03T04:54:11","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T06:54:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1686"},"modified":"2018-03-09T22:26:09","modified_gmt":"2018-03-10T01:26:09","slug":"samostalniki-v-japonscini","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/substantivos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Samostalniki v japon\u0161\u010dini"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"a8d57f2815830ab33b1e7afc05ed7716\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Izvedite ve\u010d o\u00a0<strong>samostalniki v japon\u0161\u010dini<\/strong> nihongo!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Mnogi \u017ee veste, da so samostalniki besede, s katerimi ozna\u010dujemo ljudi, kraje, \u017eivali, misli ali pojme. Pomembno je, da poznate \u010dim ve\u010d samostalnikov, saj brez njih ne boste mogli govoriti o konkretnih stvareh (riba, pero, oseba, torta ...), kaj \u0161ele o bolj abstraktnih pojmih (mir, ljubezen, naklonjenost ...).<\/p>\n<h2>Samostalniki v japon\u0161\u010dini<\/h2>\n<p>Samostalniki so osnova za sporazumevanje v vsakem jeziku. Vendar se ne pozabite nau\u010diti tudi nekaj slovnice, saj morate vedeti, kako razvrstiti in povezati besede na skladen na\u010din.<span id=\"more-271\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>O \u010dlankih<\/h2>\n<p>To je bila prva stvar, ki me je presenetila v japonskem jeziku. Japon\u0161\u010dina nima ustreznice za na\u0161e dolo\u010dne (o, a, os in as) in nedolo\u010dne (um, uma, uns, umas) \u010dlene. Natan\u010den pomen besede je znan le iz njenega konteksta. Na ta na\u010din je beseda\u00a0<acronym title=\"sakana - riba\">\u9b5a<\/acronym>\u00a0lahko pomeni \"riba\" ali \"riba\".<\/p>\n<p>\u010ce \u017eelite biti bolj natan\u010dni, lahko uporabite\u00a0<a title=\"Kazalni zaimki v japon\u0161\u010dini\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/pronomes-demonstrativos-em-japones\/\">kazalni zaimki v japon\u0161\u010dini<\/a>kot so\u00a0<acronym title=\"kono - to, to in to\">\u3053\u306e<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"spanje - to, ono in drugo\">\u305d\u306e<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"leto - to, to, to, to\">\u3042\u306e<\/acronym>Pred samostalnikom lahko uporabite tudi \u0161tevnike, vendar se bomo temu posvetili kdaj drugi\u010d.<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>O spolu in \u0161tevilu<\/h2>\n<p>Japonski jezik za\u010detnikom zelo ote\u017euje \u017eivljenje, ko gre za spol (mo\u0161ki\/\u017eenska) in \u0161tevilo (mno\u017eina in ednina). Za la\u017ejo predstavo uporabimo besedo\u00a0<acronym title=\"ko - otrok, fant, dekle, fant, dekle\">\u5b50<\/acronym>. Verjetno razmi\u0161ljate o tem. Kanji\u00a0<acronym title=\"ko - otrok, fant, dekle, fant, dekle\">\u5b50<\/acronym>\u00a0lahko prevedemo kot \"boy\", \"girl\", \"boys\" ali \"girls\", brez najmanj\u0161ega razlikovanja med spolom in \u0161tevilom.<\/p>\n<p>\u010ceprav so japonski samostalniki lahko zmedeni, se jih je enostavno nau\u010diti, saj nikoli ne spreminjajo svoje oblike in imajo vedno enako zgradbo.<\/p>\n<h2>Kako se ne zmesti<\/h2>\n<p>Da ne bi zamenjali mo\u0161kega in \u017eenskega spola, Japonci uporabljajo kombinacije kanjijev, da bi bil pogovor bolj objektiven in malo manj zmeden. Da bo stvar bolj jasna, uporabimo besedno zvezo\u00a0<acronym title=\"kore wa ko desu.\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5b50\u3067\u3059<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<p>\u017de na za\u010detku ne morete vedeti, ali govorite o nekom v mo\u0161kem ali \u017eenskem pomenu. Prav tako ne morete ugotoviti, ali stavek govori o eni ali ve\u010d osebah. Te\u017eko si je upati celo na prevod v portugal\u0161\u010dino.<\/p>\n<p>Za la\u017eje razumevanje moramo stavku dodati ve\u010d besed. Oglejte si spodnje primere:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Kore wa otokonoko desu. - To je fant.\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u7537\u306e\u5b50\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kore wa onnanoko desu. - To je deklica (otrok).\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5973\u306e\u5b50\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Kore wa onnanoko ga gonin desu. - To je pet deklet.\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5973\u306e\u5b50\u304c\u4e94\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Kore wa otokonoko ga rokunin desu. - To je \u0161est de\u010dkov.\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u7537\u306e\u5b50\u304c\u516d\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Kljub temu, da lahko z njimi jasneje oblikujemo stavke, jih Japonci ne uporabljajo veliko, razen v primerih, ko je res treba razlikovati med spolom in \u0161tevilom. Japonci vedno raje pustijo pravi pomen stvari v kontekstu, kot da bi ga eksplicitno izrazili.<\/p>\n<h2>Vaja za pisanje kanjijev z roko<\/h2>\n<p>Spodaj so navedeni\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/kako-napisati-japonska-pisma-kanji\/\">Japonski ideografski simboli<\/a>\u00a0uporabljenih v tem \u010dlanku. Izberite \u017eelene kanjije, jih kopirajte in prilepite v\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/in\/imprimir-para-treinar-kanas-e-kanjis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Delovni list za vadbo kana in kanji<\/a>\u00a0odprlo se bo novo okno, v katerem si lahko ogledate datoteko za tiskanje in vadite japonsko kaligrafijo tako, da prekrijete sive simbole in nato posku\u0161ate pisati sami. Samo natisnite in vadite.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 47px\" border=\"0\" width=\"314\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u9b5a<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5b50<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u7537<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5973<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u4eba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Preberite ve\u010d o samostalnikih v japon\u0161\u010dini nihongo! \u0160tevilni \u017ee veste, da so samostalniki besede, s katerimi ozna\u010dujemo ljudi, kraje, \u017eivali, misli ali pojme. Pomembno je, da poznate \u010dim ve\u010d samostalnikov.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1688,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,75],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1686","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-substantivos-japoneses","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/substantivos-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1671,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/relacionando-substantivos-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1686,"position":0},"title":"Povezovanje samostalnikov v japon\u0161\u010dini","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"As maneiras mais comuns de expressar a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre dois ou mais substantivos em japon\u00eas, \u00e9 usando a part\u00edcula\u00a0\u306e\u00a0entre eles. Relacionando substantivos em japon\u00eas A part\u00edcula\u00a0\u306e, normalmente indica tr\u00eas id\u00e9ias b\u00e1sicas: posse, origem e especializa\u00e7\u00e3o. Ela indica posse quando o substantivo est\u00e1 relacionado \u00e0 outro substantivo. Nestes casos, a part\u00edcula\u00a0\u306e\u00a0pode\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Relacionando substantivos em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/relacionando-substantivos-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2370,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/a-particula-ya-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1686,"position":1},"title":"Del\u010dek YA v japon\u0161\u010dini","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de februar de 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Agora vamos ampliar seu conhecimento sobre\u00a0a part\u00edcula YA em japon\u00eas! A principal fun\u00e7\u00e3o da part\u00edcula\u00a0ya\u00a0\u00e9 simplesmente criar listas de substantivos japoneses. Dessa forma, podemos citar um conjunto de coisas existentes em algum lugar ou coisas que iremos fazer. Neste momento, muitos leitores devem estar lembrando da part\u00edcula japonesa\u00a0to, que tamb\u00e9m\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Gram\u00e1tica Japonesa&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Gram\u00e1tica Japonesa","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/gramatica-japonesa\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"A part\u00edcula YA em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/a-particula-ya-em-japones.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/a-particula-ya-em-japones.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/a-particula-ya-em-japones.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1699,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/tipos-de-adjetivos-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1686,"position":2},"title":"Vrste pridevnikov v japon\u0161\u010dini","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Conhe\u00e7a os tipos de adjetivos em japon\u00eas e aprenda mais! Antes de come\u00e7ar a falar sobre os adjetivos japoneses propriamente ditos, vamos ver uma descri\u00e7\u00e3o geral sobre os tipos de adjetivos encontrados na l\u00edngua japonesa. Passe o cursor do mouse sobre os s\u00edmbolos japoneses (kanjis) para ver a pron\u00fancia e\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Os tipos de adjetivos em japon\u00eas - \u9752\u3044\u8eca","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/tipos-de-adjetivos-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1719,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/como-usar-adjetivos-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1686,"position":3},"title":"Kako uporabljati pridevnike v japon\u0161\u010dini","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda agora a como usar adjetivos em japon\u00eas! Segundo a gram\u00e1tica japonesa, os adjetivos em japon\u00eas podem ser usados de v\u00e1rias formas diferentes, contudo as formas de uso mais comuns s\u00e3o antes e depois dos substantivos. Como usar adjetivos em japon\u00eas Passe o cursor do mouse sobre os s\u00edmbolos japoneses\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Adjetivos japoneses&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Adjetivos japoneses","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/adjetivos-japoneses\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Como usar adjetivos em japon\u00eas - \u305d\u308c\u306f\u9752\u3044\u672c\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/como-usar-os-adjetivos-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2403,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/a-particula-to-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1686,"position":4},"title":"Delec TO v japon\u0161\u010dini","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"27 de januar de 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda agora mais sobre a\u00a0part\u00edcula TO em japon\u00eas! A part\u00edcula japonesa\u00a0to\u00a0\u00e9 outra part\u00edcula muito conhecida pelos estudantes de japon\u00eas. Sua\u00a0fun\u00e7\u00e3o mais comum \u00e9 simplesmente juntar listas de\u00a0substantivos japoneses\u00a0ou at\u00e9 frases. Ao contr\u00e1rio de outras\u00a0part\u00edculas japonesas, a part\u00edcula\u00a0to\u00a0sempre lista itens de um modo objetivo, indicando todos os elementos existentes numa determinada\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Part\u00edculas em Japon\u00eas&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Part\u00edculas em Japon\u00eas","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/particulas-em-japones\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"A part\u00edcula TO em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/a-particula-to-em-japones.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/a-particula-to-em-japones.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/a-particula-to-em-japones.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1680,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/pronomes-demonstrativos-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1686,"position":5},"title":"Kazalni zaimki v japon\u0161\u010dini","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda mais sobre os pronomes demonstrativos em japon\u00eas! Os pronomes demonstrativos em japon\u00eas s\u00e3o um conjunto de palavras da l\u00edngua japonesa que podem ser usadas quando queremos nos referir \u00e0s coisas que est\u00e3o em nossa volta. Os pronomes demonstrativos em japon\u00eas Este grupo de palavras tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 conhecido como\u00a0ko-so-a-do, uma\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Os pronomes demonstrativos em japon\u00eas - \u3053\u308c - KORE","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/pronomes-demonstrativos-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1686","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1686"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1686\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1688"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1686"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1686"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1686"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}