{"id":2089,"date":"2009-11-03T06:17:47","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T08:17:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2089"},"modified":"2026-08-21T20:19:44","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T23:19:44","slug":"japonski-glagolski-izrazi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/expressoes-verbais-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Japonski glagolski izrazi: 3 bistveni vzorci"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kot <strong>japonske glagolske izraze<\/strong> kombinirajo glagole, delce, pridevnike ali druge glagole, da sporo\u010dajo ideje, kot so \u201cpostati\u201d, \u201citi nekaj narediti\u201d in \u201cnarediti nekaj za nekoga\u201d. Namesto da bi si vsako frazo zapomnili lo\u010deno, se lahko nau\u010dite vzorca, razumete perspektivo in ustvarite lastne primere.<\/p>\n\n<p>V tem vodniku bomo preu\u010dili tri pogoste strukture: <span lang=\"ja\">A\u304f\uff0fAN\u306b\uff0fN\u306b + \u306a\u308b<\/span> za spremembe, <span lang=\"ja\">V\u306b + \u884c\u304f\uff0f\u6765\u308b<\/span> za namen premika in <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3052\u308b\uff0f\u304f\u308c\u308b\uff0f\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> za dajanje, prejemanje in predstavljanje dejanj z razli\u010dnih zornih kotov.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Povzetek treh vzorcev<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Ideja<\/th><th>Vzorec<\/th><th>Primer<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Sprememba stanja<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">A\u304f\uff0fAN\u306b\uff0fN\u306b + \u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5bd2\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span> \u2014 postati hladno<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Namen gibanja<\/td><td>osnova <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059 + \u306b + \u884c\u304f\uff0f\u6765\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u672c\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 iti kupiti knjigo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Dati ali prejeti nekaj<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3052\u308b\uff0f\u304f\u308c\u308b\uff0f\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u672c\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> \u2014 prejeti knjigo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Dejanje v korist nekoga<\/td><td>oblika <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066 + \u3042\u3052\u308b\uff0f\u304f\u308c\u308b\uff0f\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> \u2014 prejeti pomo\u010d nekoga, ki u\u010di<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>\u010clanek boste bolje izkoristili, \u010de \u017ee poznate <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/skupine-glagolov-v-japonscini\/\">skupine japonskih glagolov<\/a> in <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/masa-oblika-japonskih-glagolov\/\">obliko \u307e\u3059<\/a>. Primeri vklju\u010dujejo preprosto in vljudno obliko, da poka\u017eejo, da vzorec ostaja enak, tudi ko se register spremeni.<\/p>\n\n<h2>1. Kako uporabiti \u306a\u308b za povedati 'postati' ali 'postajati'<\/h2>\n\n<p>Glagol <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>naru<\/em>) predstavlja spremembo in nastalo stanje. Odvisno od konteksta je lahko prevedeno kot \u201cpostati\u201d, \u201cpostajati\u201d, \u201cspremeniti se v\u201d ali \u201cza\u010deti biti\u201d. Beseda, ki opisuje novo stanje, se spremeni pred <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308b<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Vrsta<\/th><th>Tvorba<\/th><th>Primer<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Pridevnik <span lang=\"ja\">\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>odstranite <span lang=\"ja\">\u3044<\/span> in dodajte <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5bd2\u3044 \u2192 \u5bd2\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Pridevnik <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span><\/td><td>dodajte <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> k osnovi<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b \u2192 \u9759\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Samostalnik<\/td><td>dodajte <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5148\u751f \u2192 \u5148\u751f\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kyozai.jpf.go.jp\/kyozai\/material\/BTS00126\/ja\/render.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japan Foundation razlaga A\u304f\uff0fAN\u306b\uff0fN\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/a> kot vzorec, ki predstavlja nastalo stanje spremembe. Ta logika je bolj uporabna kot posku\u0161ati povezati <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308b<\/span> z enim samim portugalskim prevodom.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Pridevniki \u3044 + \u304f\u306a\u308b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Odstranite <span lang=\"ja\">\u3044<\/span> in dodajte <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5bd2\u3044 \u2192 \u5bd2\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>samui \u2192 samuku naru<\/em>) \u2014 postati hladno;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u96e3\u3057\u3044 \u2192 \u96e3\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>muzukashii \u2192 muzukashiku naru<\/em>) \u2014 postati te\u017eko;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u65b0\u3057\u3044 \u2192 \u65b0\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>atarashii \u2192 atarashiku naru<\/em>\u2014 postati nov, biti prenovljen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3044\u3044<\/span> je pomembna izjema: uporabite <span lang=\"ja\">\u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span>, \u201cizbolj\u0161ati se\u201d ali \u201cpostati dober\u201d, ker se pregibne oblike za\u010dnejo z <span lang=\"ja\">\u3088\u3044<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u5929\u6c17\u304c\u6696\u304b\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Tenki ga atatakaku narimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nVreme je postalo toplej\u0161e.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Pridevniki \u306a in samostalniki + \u306b\u306a\u308b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Pri pridevnikih <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span>, ne postavljajte <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span> pred <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308b<\/span>. Uporabite osnovo, ki ji sledi <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>shizuka ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 postati tih;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5143\u6c17\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>genki ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 postati dobro, okrevati;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6709\u540d\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>y\u016bmei ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 postati znan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Samostalniki uporabljajo isto vezavo:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5148\u751f\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>sensei ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 postati u\u010ditelj;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6625\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>haru ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 pomlad je pri\u0161la, postati pomlad;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4e09\u5e74\u751f\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>sannensei ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 preiti v tretji razred.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>\u010ce \u0161e vedno zamenjujete obe vrsti pridevnikov, si oglejte, kako <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/vrste-pridevnikov-v-japonscini\/\">razlikovati pridevnike \u3044 in \u306a<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Osnovna konjugacija \u306a\u308b<\/h3>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Vrednost<\/th><th>Preprosta oblika<\/th><th>Vljudna oblika<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Nepretekli pritrdilni<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Nepretekli nikalni<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">ne bo<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">ne bo<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Pretekli afirmativni<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Negativna preteklost<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Te vrstice ne predstavljajo \u201c\u0161tirih glagolskih \u010dasov\u201d. Zdru\u017eujejo nepretekli ali pretekli \u010das, trditev ali zanikanje ter preprosti ali vljudni register.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u306a\u308b in \u3059\u308b: sprememba ali namerno dejanje<\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308b<\/span> predstavlja spremembo osebka. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> lahko predstavi nekoga, ki to spremembo povzro\u010di:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u90e8\u5c4b\u304c\u304d\u308c\u3044\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Heya ga kirei ni narimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nSoba je postala \u010dista.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u90e8\u5c4b\u3092\u304d\u308c\u3044\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Heya o kirei ni shimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nPospravil sem sobo.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ne spreminjajte mehani\u010dno vsakega glagola v <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> zamenjavo <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> po <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>. <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>, na primer, je izraz, ki pomeni, da nekaj \u201cslu\u017ei kot u\u010denje\u201d ali \u201cje pou\u010dno\u201d: <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u8a71\u306f\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span> \u2014 \u201cTa pogovor je bil zelo pou\u010den.\u201d Ne pomeni preprosto \u201cpostati preu\u010devan\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<h2>2. Kako re\u010di iti ali priti nekaj narediti<\/h2>\n\n<p>Za razlago namena premika uporabite koren oblike <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span>, dodajte \u010dlenek <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> in kon\u010dajte z glagolom gibanja:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>cilj + <span lang=\"ja\">\u3078\uff0f\u306b<\/span> + predmet + <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> + koren <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059 + \u306b + \u884c\u304f\uff0f\u6765\u308b\uff0f\u5e30\u308b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kyozai.jpf.go.jp\/kyozai\/material\/BTS00046\/ja\/render.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japan Foundation opisuje \u306b namena<\/a> kot \u010dlenek, ki ozna\u010duje dejanje ali ime, ki predstavlja cilj gibanja.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Kako oblikovati koren pred \u306b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Izhajajte iz vljudne oblike in odstranite <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Oblika \u307e\u3059<\/th><th>Radikalno<\/th><th>Izraz<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3044<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3044\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 iti kupit<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 iti jest<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u306b\u6765\u308b<\/span> \u2014 priti pogledat<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3057<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u306b\u6765\u308b<\/span> \u2014 priti \u0161tudirat<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u672c\u5c4b\u3078\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u8f9e\u66f8\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Hon\u2019ya e nihongo no jisho o kai ni ikimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nGrem v knjigarno kupit japonski slovar.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u304c\u3046\u3061\u3078\u904a\u3073\u306b\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Tomodachi ga uchi e asobi ni kimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nPri\u0161el je prijatelj k meni domov, da bi pre\u017eivel \u010das z mano.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u5fd8\u308c\u7269\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u306b\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Wasuremono o tori ni kaerimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nVrnil se bom, da vzamem nekaj, kar sem pozabil.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u010cas izhaja iz glagola gibanja: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b<\/span> je \u201cprihaja\u201d ali \u201cbo pri\u0161el\u201d, medtem ko <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u305f\uff0f\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span> je \u201cje pri\u0161el\u201d. Ne prevajaj nepretekle oblike kot pretekle brez razloga v kontekstu.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Samostalniki dejavnosti + \u306b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Nekateri samostalniki, ki predstavljajo dejavnosti, se lahko pojavijo neposredno pred <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3044\u7269\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 iti po nakupih;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6563\u6b69\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 iti na sprehod;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u6765\u308b<\/span> \u2014 priti \u0161tudirat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>V tem vzorcu, <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> ne ozna\u010duje le cilja; ozna\u010duje namen. \u010clanek o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/delcek-ni-v-japonscini\/\">partikli \u306b v japon\u0161\u010dini<\/a> prikazuje, kako kontekst lo\u010duje namen, cilj, \u010das in druge uporabe.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads6-->\n\n<h2>3. Dajanje in prejemanje: \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b in \u3082\u3089\u3046<\/h2>\n\n<p>Glagoli <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> opisujejo prenose, vendar izbirajo razli\u010dne perspektive. Ni dovolj vpra\u0161ati \u201ckdo daje?\u201d; opazuj tudi, kdo je predstavljen kot blizu govorca.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Glagol<\/th><th>Perspektiva<\/th><th>Osnovni vzorec<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span><\/td><td>nekaj gre od govorca ali druge osebe navzven<\/td><td>A <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f<\/span> B <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> predmet <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/td><td>nekaj pride do govorca ali nekoga iz njegove skupine<\/td><td>A <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c\uff0f\u306f<\/span> govorec <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> predmet <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span><\/td><td>prejemnik je zornega kota stavka<\/td><td>prejemnik <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f<\/span> A <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b\uff0f\u304b\u3089<\/span> predmet <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>O <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp\/modules\/ja\/gmod\/courses\/c01\/lesson22\/step1\/explanation\/085.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">modul Tokijske univerze za tuje \u0161tudije o dajanju in prejemanju<\/a> pojasnjuje, da lahko ti glagoli predstavijo isti dogodek z razli\u010dnih zornih kotov.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u59b9\u306b\u672c\u3092\u3042\u3052\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Watashi wa im\u014dto ni hon o agemashita.<\/em><br \/>\nDal sem knjigo svoji mlaj\u0161i sestri.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u6728\u6751\u3055\u3093\u304c\u79c1\u306b\u672c\u3092\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kimura-san ga watashi ni hon o kuremashita.<\/em><br \/>\nKimura mi je dal knjigo.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u6728\u6751\u3055\u3093\u306b\u672c\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Watashi wa Kimura-san ni hon o moraimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nPrejel sem knjigo od Kimure.<\/p>\n\n<p>Zadnji dve povedi lahko opisujeta isti prenos. Z <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span>, je Kimura osebek in predmet prihaja proti govorcu. Z <span lang=\"ja\">\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span>, je govorec osebek in dejanje predstavi kot prejem. V povedih z <span lang=\"ja\">\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span>, je izvor lahko ozna\u010den tudi z <span lang=\"ja\">\u304b\u3089<\/span>: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6728\u6751\u3055\u3093\u304b\u3089\u672c\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Oblika \u3066 + \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b in \u3082\u3089\u3046<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ko ti glagoli pridejo za <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/te-oblika-japonskih-glagolov\/\">oblike \u3066<\/a>, \u201cprenos\u201d postane dejanje, opravljeno v korist nekoga ali prejeto s pomo\u010djo nekoga:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Vzorec<\/th><th>Ponto de vista<\/th><th>Primer<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span><\/td><td>o sujeito faz algo para outra pessoa<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u306b\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3042\u3052\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/td><td>algu\u00e9m faz algo para mim ou para meu grupo<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308c\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span><\/td><td>recebo ou solicito a a\u00e7\u00e3o de algu\u00e9m<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u306b\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u304c\u5bbf\u984c\u3092\u624b\u4f1d\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Tomodachi ga shukudai o tetsudatte kuremashita.<\/em><br \/>\nUm amigo me ajudou com a tarefa.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u5148\u751f\u306b\u4f5c\u6587\u3092\u76f4\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Watashi wa sensei ni sakubun o naoshite moraimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nPedi ao professor que corrigisse minha reda\u00e7\u00e3o e recebi essa ajuda.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span> pode soar como se o falante estivesse destacando o favor que fez. Ao falar diretamente com quem recebeu a a\u00e7\u00e3o, nem sempre \u00e9 a escolha mais discreta. Em contexto formal, formas como <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f<\/span> expressam respeito, mas pertencem a uma etapa posterior do estudo.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Di\u00e1logo com os tr\u00eas padr\u00f5es<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u4e0a\u624b\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u306d\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Nihongo ga j\u014dzu ni narimashita ne.<\/em><br \/>\nSeu japon\u00eas melhorou, n\u00e3o \u00e9?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u3054\u3056\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6bce\u9031\u3001\u5148\u751f\u306b\u4f1a\u8a71\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Arigat\u014d gozaimasu. Vsak teden me u\u010ditelj u\u010di pogovora.<\/em><br \/>\nHvala. Vsak teden dobim ure pogovora od u\u010ditelja.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">Ky\u014d mo benky\u014d shi ni ikimasu ka.<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Ky\u014d mo benky\u014d shi ni ikimasu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nAli gre\u0161 danes tudi \u0161tudirat?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">Hai. Sensei ga eki made mukae ni kite kuremasu.<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Hai. Sensei ga eki made mukae ni kite kuremasu.<\/em><br \/>\nDa. U\u010ditelj me bo pri\u0161el iskat na postajo.<\/p>\n\n<p>Dialog uporablja <span lang=\"ja\">\u4e0a\u624b\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> za spremembo, <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u8fce\u3048\u306b\u6765\u308b<\/span> za namen, poleg tega pa <span lang=\"ja\">\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span> za dejanja, predstavljena kot pomo\u010d.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Pogoste napake<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Uporabite <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span> pred <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308b<\/span>:<\/strong> recite <span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>, ne <span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b\u306a\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pozabiti posebno obliko \u3044\u3044:<\/strong> \u201cpostati bolj\u0161i\u201d je <span lang=\"ja\">\u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sprememba <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> po <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> mehani\u010dno:<\/strong> izrazi, kot so <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> imajo svoj pomen.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Uporaba glagola v obliki slovarja pred \u306b namena:<\/strong> recite <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span>, ne <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prevesti <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b<\/span> kot \u201cpri\u0161el\u201d:<\/strong> preteklost je <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u305f\uff0f\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Izbira \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b in \u3082\u3089\u3046 samo na podlagi prevoda:<\/strong> opazujte, kdo daje, kdo prejema in iz katere perspektive je stavek zgrajen.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Obravnavanje <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span> kot nevtralna oblika prijaznosti:<\/strong> lahko poudari uslugo in zahteva pozornost na odnos med ljudmi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Vaja<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li>Spremenite <span lang=\"ja\">\u6691\u3044<\/span> v \u201cpostati vro\u010de\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>Spremenite <span lang=\"ja\">\u5143\u6c17<\/span> v \u201cpostati dobro\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>Dopolnite: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\uff08\u3000\uff09\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Recite \u201cMoja prijateljica je pri\u0161la \u0161tudirat japon\u0161\u010dino\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>Izberite glagol: <span lang=\"ja\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u79c1\u306b\u304a\u83d3\u5b50\u3092\uff08\u3042\u3052\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0f\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Prepi\u0161ite \u201cU\u010ditelj mi je popravil esej\u201d z uporabo <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p><strong>Odgovori:<\/strong> 1. <span lang=\"ja\">\u6691\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span>; 2. <span lang=\"ja\">\u5143\u6c17\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>; 3. <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span>, ki tvori <span lang=\"ja\">\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span>; 4. <span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u306b\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>; 5. <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>, ker je predmet pri\u0161el k govorcu; 6. <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u5148\u751f\u306b\u4f5c\u6587\u3092\u76f4\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Povzetek<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">A\u304f\uff0fAN\u306b\uff0fN\u306b + \u306a\u308b<\/span> predstavlja spremembo in nastalo stanje.<\/li>\n<li>Osnova glagola <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059 + \u306b + \u884c\u304f\uff0f\u6765\u308b\uff0f\u5e30\u308b<\/span> predstavlja namen giba.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> opisujejo dajanje in prejemanje z razli\u010dnih perspektiv.<\/li>\n<li>Za obliko <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066<\/span>, ti glagoli prikazujejo dejanje, izvedeno ali prejeto kot korist.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Ti vzorci postanejo la\u017eji, ko analizirate funkcijo vsakega elementa, namesto da prevajate besedo za besedo. Za vadbo vrstnega reda komponent in izpu\u0161\u010danja osebka nadaljujte z vodnikom o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/kako-tvoriti-stavke-v-japonscini\/\">kako tvoriti stavke v japon\u0161\u010dini<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-c2373870306ff\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Kaj so besedne zveze v japon\u0161\u010dini?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>To so vzorci, ki zdru\u017eujejo glagole z delci, pridevniki, samostalniki ali drugimi glagoli za sporo\u010danje idej, kot so sprememba, namen, prenos in korist.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-e2794fb1bdb06\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Kako uporabiti \u306a\u308b v japon\u0161\u010dini?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u306a\u308b predstavlja spremembo in nastalo stanje. Uporabite pridevnik \u3044 brez \u3044 + \u304f\u306a\u308b, pridevnik \u306a + \u306b\u306a\u308b ali samostalnik + \u306b\u306a\u308b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-fba8bc59e0170\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Kako re\u010di postati bolj\u0161i v japon\u0161\u010dini?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Uporabite \u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b. \u010ceprav \u3044\u3044 pomeni \u2018dobro\u2019, njegove oblike izhajajo iz \u3088\u3044; zato je pravilna oblika \u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b, ne \u3044\u304f\u306a\u308b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-10b1015ac37f2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Kako re\u010di iti narediti nekaj v japon\u0161\u010dini?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Odstranite \u307e\u3059 iz glagola, dodajte \u306b in kon\u010dajte z glagolom gibanja. Na primer, \u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059 postane \u8cb7\u3044\u306b\u884c\u304f, \u2018iti kupiti\u2019.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-11d08c300706f\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Kak\u0161na je razlika med \u3042\u3052\u308b in \u304f\u308c\u308b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3042\u3052\u308b predstavlja nekaj, kar je dano s strani dajalca in obi\u010dajno izven perspektive govorca. \u304f\u308c\u308b predstavlja nekaj, kar prihaja k govorcu ali nekomu iz njegove skupine.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-6c316a9dc2c6e\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Kak\u0161na je razlika med \u304f\u308c\u308b in \u3082\u3089\u3046?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Pri \u304f\u308c\u308b je darovalec osebek in prenos poteka proti govorcu. Pri \u3082\u3089\u3046 je prejemnik osebek in predstavlja isti dogodek kot prejem.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-44b028720d4c9\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Kako uporabljati V\u3066\u3042\u3052\u308b, V\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b in V\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Dodajte \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b ali \u3082\u3089\u3046 na obliko \u3066. Vzorec prikazuje dejanje, storjeno za nekoga, storjeno za govorca ali prejeto s pomo\u010djo nekoga, oziroma.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-54f0b4f91e22e\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Kaj pomeni \u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308b pomeni, da je nekaj pou\u010dno, da je pou\u010dno ali da u\u010di nekaj koristnega. To ni splo\u0161no pravilo za pretvorbo katerega koli glagola, ki se kon\u010da na \u3059\u308b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nau\u010dite se treh japonskih glagolskih izrazov: spremembe z \u306a\u308b, namen z \u306b\u884c\u304f in perspektiva \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b ter \u3082\u3089\u3046.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":2090,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73,60],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2089","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2089","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2089"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2089\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4449,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2089\/revisions\/4449"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2090"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2089"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2089"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2089"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}