{"id":2089,"date":"2009-11-03T06:17:47","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T08:17:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2089"},"modified":"2026-08-21T20:19:44","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T23:19:44","slug":"verbala-uttryck-pa-japanska","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/expressoes-verbais-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Japanska verbala uttryck: 3 grundl\u00e4ggande m\u00f6nster"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>De <strong>japanska verbala uttryck<\/strong> kombinerar verb, partiklar, adjektiv eller andra verb f\u00f6r att kommunicera id\u00e9er som \u201cbli\u201d, \u201cg\u00e5 f\u00f6r att g\u00f6ra n\u00e5got\u201d och \u201cg\u00f6ra n\u00e5got f\u00f6r n\u00e5gon\u201d. Ist\u00e4llet f\u00f6r att memorera varje fras isolerat kan du l\u00e4ra dig m\u00f6nstret, f\u00f6rst\u00e5 perspektivet och skapa egna exempel.<\/p>\n\n<p>I den h\u00e4r guiden studerar vi tre vanliga strukturer: <span lang=\"ja\">A\u304f\uff0fAN\u306b\uff0fN\u306b + \u306a\u308b<\/span> f\u00f6r f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar, <span lang=\"ja\">V\u306b + \u884c\u304f\uff0f\u6765\u308b<\/span> f\u00f6r syftet med en f\u00f6rflyttning och <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3052\u308b\uff0f\u304f\u308c\u308b\uff0f\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> f\u00f6r att ge, ta emot och presentera handlingar ur olika synvinklar.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Sammanfattning av de tre m\u00f6nstren<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Id\u00e9<\/th><th>M\u00f6nster<\/th><th>Exempel<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Tillst\u00e5ndsf\u00f6r\u00e4ndring<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">A\u304f\uff0fAN\u306b\uff0fN\u306b + \u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5bd2\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span> \u2014 bli kallt<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Syfte med r\u00f6relse<\/td><td>stam av <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059 + \u306b + \u884c\u304f\uff0f\u6765\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u672c\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 g\u00e5 f\u00f6r att k\u00f6pa en bok<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Ge eller ta emot n\u00e5got<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3052\u308b\uff0f\u304f\u308c\u308b\uff0f\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u672c\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> \u2014 f\u00e5 en bok<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Handling till f\u00f6rm\u00e5n f\u00f6r n\u00e5gon<\/td><td>form <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066 + \u3042\u3052\u308b\uff0f\u304f\u308c\u308b\uff0f\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> \u2014 f\u00e5 hj\u00e4lp av n\u00e5gon som l\u00e4r ut<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Du f\u00e5r ut mer av artikeln om du redan k\u00e4nner igen <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/verbgrupper-pa-japanska\/\">japanska verbgrupper<\/a> och <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/masu-form-av-japanska-verb\/\">\u307e\u3059-formen<\/a>. Exemplen inkluderar den enkla och artiga formen f\u00f6r att visa att m\u00f6nstret f\u00f6rblir detsamma n\u00e4r registret \u00e4ndras.<\/p>\n\n<h2>1. Hur man anv\u00e4nder \u306a\u308b f\u00f6r att s\u00e4ga bli eller f\u00f6rvandlas till<\/h2>\n\n<p>Verbet <span lang=\"ja\">naru<\/span> (<em>naru<\/em>) presenterar en f\u00f6r\u00e4ndring och det resulterande tillst\u00e5ndet. Beroende p\u00e5 sammanhanget kan det \u00f6vers\u00e4ttas som \u201cbli\u201d, \u201cf\u00f6rvandlas till\u201d, \u201c\u00e4ndras till\u201d eller \u201c\u00f6verg\u00e5 till\u201d. Ordet som beskriver det nya tillst\u00e5ndet \u00e4ndrar form innan <span lang=\"ja\">naru<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Typ<\/th><th>Bildning<\/th><th>Exempel<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Adjektiv <span lang=\"ja\">\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>ta bort <span lang=\"ja\">\u3044<\/span> och l\u00e4gg till <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5bd2\u3044 \u2192 \u5bd2\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Adjektiv <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span><\/td><td>l\u00e4gg till <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> till stammen<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b \u2192 \u9759\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Substantiv<\/td><td>l\u00e4gg till <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5148\u751f \u2192 \u5148\u751f\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kyozai.jpf.go.jp\/kyozai\/material\/BTS00126\/ja\/render.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japan Foundation f\u00f6rklarar A\u304f\uff0fAN\u306b\uff0fN\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/a> som ett m\u00f6nster som presenterar det resulterande tillst\u00e5ndet av en f\u00f6r\u00e4ndring. Denna logik \u00e4r mer anv\u00e4ndbar \u00e4n att f\u00f6rs\u00f6ka associera <span lang=\"ja\">naru<\/span> till en enda svensk \u00f6vers\u00e4ttning.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Adjektiv \u3044 + \u304f\u306a\u308b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Ta bort det <span lang=\"ja\">\u3044<\/span> sista och l\u00e4gg till <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5bd2\u3044 \u2192 \u5bd2\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>samui \u2192 samuku naru<\/em>) \u2014 bli kall;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u96e3\u3057\u3044 \u2192 \u96e3\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>muzukashii \u2192 muzukashiku naru<\/em>) \u2014 bli sv\u00e5r;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u65b0\u3057\u3044 \u2192 \u65b0\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>atarashii \u2192 atarashiku naru<\/em>) \u2014 att bli ny, att f\u00f6rnyas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3044\u3044<\/span> \u00e4r ett viktigt undantag: anv\u00e4nd <span lang=\"ja\">\u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span>, \u201cf\u00f6rb\u00e4ttras\u201d eller \u201cbli bra\u201d, eftersom b\u00f6jningarna utg\u00e5r fr\u00e5n <span lang=\"ja\">\u3088\u3044<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u5929\u6c17\u304c\u6696\u304b\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Tenki ga atatakaku narimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nV\u00e4dret blev varmare.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u306a-adjektiv och substantiv + \u306b\u306a\u308b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Med adjektiv <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span>, s\u00e4tt inte <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span> f\u00f6re <span lang=\"ja\">naru<\/span>. Anv\u00e4nd stammen f\u00f6ljd av <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>shizuka ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 att bli tyst;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5143\u6c17\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>genki ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 att bli bra, att \u00e5terh\u00e4mta sig;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6709\u540d\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>y\u016bmei ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 att bli k\u00e4nd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Substantiv anv\u00e4nder samma koppling:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5148\u751f\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>sensei ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 att bli l\u00e4rare;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6625\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>haru ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 att n\u00e5 v\u00e5ren, att bli v\u00e5r;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4e09\u5e74\u751f\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>sannensei ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 att g\u00e5 vidare till tredje \u00e5ret.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Om du fortfarande blandar ihop de tv\u00e5 adjektivklasserna, g\u00e5 igenom hur <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/adjektivtyper-pa-japanska\/\">man skiljer \u3044- och \u306a-adjektiv<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Grundl\u00e4ggande konjugation av \u306a\u308b<\/h3>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>V\u00e4rde<\/th><th>Enkel form<\/th><th>Polerad form<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Icke-d\u00e5tid jakande<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">naru<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Inte negativt f\u00f6rflutet<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">inte bli<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">blir inte<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Tidigare affirmativ<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Negativt f\u00f6rflutet<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Dessa rader representerar inte \u201cfyra tempus\u201d. De kombinerar icke-d\u00e5tid eller d\u00e5tid, jakande eller nekande, och enkel eller artig stil.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u306a\u308b och \u3059\u308b: f\u00f6r\u00e4ndring eller avsiktlig handling<\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">naru<\/span> presenterar subjektets f\u00f6r\u00e4ndring. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> kan presentera n\u00e5gon som \u00e5stadkommer den f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringen:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u90e8\u5c4b\u304c\u304d\u308c\u3044\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Heya ga kirei ni narimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nRummet blev rent.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u90e8\u5c4b\u3092\u304d\u308c\u3044\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Heya o kirei ni shimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nJag gjorde rummet rent.<\/p>\n\n<p>F\u00f6rvandla inte mekaniskt varje verb till <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> genom att byta ut <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> av <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>. <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>, till exempel, \u00e4r ett uttryck som betyder att n\u00e5got \u201ctj\u00e4nar som l\u00e4rande\u201d eller \u201c\u00e4r l\u00e4rorikt\u201d: <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u8a71\u306f\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span> \u2014 \u201cDet h\u00e4r samtalet var mycket l\u00e4rorikt\u201d. Det betyder inte helt enkelt \u201catt bli studerad\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<h2>2. Hur man s\u00e4ger att g\u00e5 eller komma f\u00f6r att g\u00f6ra n\u00e5got<\/h2>\n\n<p>F\u00f6r att f\u00f6rklara syftet med en f\u00f6rflyttning, anv\u00e4nd stammen av formen <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span>, l\u00e4gg till partikeln <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> och avsluta med ett r\u00f6relseverb:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>destination + <span lang=\"ja\">\u3078\uff0f\u306b<\/span> + objekt + <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> + stam av <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059 + \u306b + \u884c\u304f\uff0f\u6765\u308b\uff0f\u5e30\u308b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kyozai.jpf.go.jp\/kyozai\/material\/BTS00046\/ja\/render.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japan Foundation beskriver \u306b f\u00f6r \u00e4ndam\u00e5l<\/a> som partikeln som markerar handlingen eller namnet som utg\u00f6r m\u00e5let f\u00f6r r\u00f6relsen.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Hur man bildar stammen f\u00f6re \u306b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Utg\u00e5 fr\u00e5n den artiga formen och ta bort <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>\u307e\u3059-form<\/th><th>Radikal<\/th><th>Uttryck<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3044\u8cb7\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3044<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3044\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 att g\u00e5 och k\u00f6pa<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 att g\u00e5 och \u00e4ta<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u306b\u6765\u308b<\/span> \u2014 att komma och se<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3057<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u306b\u6765\u308b<\/span> \u2014 att komma och studera<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u672c\u5c4b\u3078\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u8f9e\u66f8\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Hon\u2019ya e nihongo no jisho o kai ni ikimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nJag g\u00e5r till bokhandeln f\u00f6r att k\u00f6pa en japansk ordbok.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u304c\u3046\u3061\u3078\u904a\u3073\u306b\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Tomodachi ga uchi e asobi ni kimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nEn v\u00e4n kom hem till mig f\u00f6r att umg\u00e5s.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u5fd8\u308c\u7269\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u306b\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Wasuremono o tori ni kaerimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nJag g\u00e5r tillbaka f\u00f6r att h\u00e4mta n\u00e5got jag gl\u00f6mt.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tiden kommer fr\u00e5n r\u00f6relseverbet: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b<\/span> \u00e4r \u201ckommer\u201d eller \u201cska komma\u201d, medan <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u305f\uff0f\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span> \u00e4r \u201ckom\u201d. \u00d6vers\u00e4tt inte en icke-d\u00e5tid form som d\u00e5tid utan en anledning i sammanhanget.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Aktivitetssubstantiv + \u306b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Vissa substantiv som representerar aktiviteter kan f\u00f6rekomma direkt f\u00f6re <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3044\u7269\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 att g\u00e5 och handla;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6563\u6b69\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 att g\u00e5 p\u00e5 promenad;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u6765\u308b<\/span> \u2014 att komma f\u00f6r att studera.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>I detta m\u00f6nster, <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> markerar inte bara destinationen; den markerar syftet. Artikeln om <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/ni-partikel-i-japanska\/\">partikeln \u306b p\u00e5 japanska<\/a> visar hur sammanhanget skiljer syfte, destination, tidpunkt och andra anv\u00e4ndningar.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads6-->\n\n<h2>3. Att ge och ta emot: \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b och \u3082\u3089\u3046<\/h2>\n\n<p>Verben <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> beskriver \u00f6verf\u00f6ringar, men v\u00e4ljer olika perspektiv. Det r\u00e4cker inte att fr\u00e5ga \u201cvem ger?\u201d; observera ocks\u00e5 vem som presenteras som n\u00e4ra talaren.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Verb<\/th><th>Perspektiv<\/th><th>Grundm\u00f6nster<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span><\/td><td>n\u00e5got g\u00e5r fr\u00e5n talaren eller n\u00e5gon annan ut\u00e5t<\/td><td>A <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f<\/span> B <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> objekt <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/td><td>n\u00e5got kommer till talaren eller n\u00e5gon i dennes grupp<\/td><td>A <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c\uff0f\u306f<\/span> talare <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> objekt <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span><\/td><td>mottagaren \u00e4r meningen ur frasens synvinkel<\/td><td>mottagare <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f<\/span> A <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b\uff0f\u304b\u3089<\/span> objekt <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>O <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp\/modules\/ja\/gmod\/courses\/c01\/lesson22\/step1\/explanation\/085.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tokyo University of Foreign Studies modul om att ge och ta emot<\/a> f\u00f6rklarar att dessa verb kan presentera samma h\u00e4ndelse ur olika synvinklar.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u59b9\u306b\u672c\u3092\u3042\u3052\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Watashi wa im\u014dto ni hon o agemashita.<\/em><br \/>\nJag gav en bok till min yngre syster.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u6728\u6751\u3055\u3093\u304c\u79c1\u306b\u672c\u3092\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kimura-san ga watashi ni hon o kuremashita.<\/em><br \/>\nKimura gav mig en bok.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u6728\u6751\u3055\u3093\u306b\u672c\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Watashi wa Kimura-san ni hon o moraimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nJag fick en bok av Kimura.<\/p>\n\n<p>De tv\u00e5 sista meningarna kan beskriva samma \u00f6verf\u00f6ring. Med <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span>, \u00e4r Kimura subjektet och objektet kommer mot talaren. Med <span lang=\"ja\">\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span>, \u00e4r talaren subjektet och presenterar handlingen som mottagande. I meningar med <span lang=\"ja\">\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span>, kan ursprunget ocks\u00e5 markeras med <span lang=\"ja\">\u304b\u3089<\/span>: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6728\u6751\u3055\u3093\u304b\u3089\u672c\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Form \u3066 + \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b och \u3082\u3089\u3046<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u00e4r dessa verb kommer efter <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/te-form-av-japanska-verb\/\">\u3066-formen<\/a>, blir \u201c\u00f6verf\u00f6ringen\u201d en handling som utf\u00f6rs till f\u00f6rm\u00e5n f\u00f6r n\u00e5gon eller tas emot med hj\u00e4lp av n\u00e5gon:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>M\u00f6nster<\/th><th>Synvinkel<\/th><th>Exempel<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span><\/td><td>subjektet g\u00f6r n\u00e5got f\u00f6r en annan person<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">Jag l\u00e4rde min v\u00e4n japanska<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/td><td>n\u00e5gon g\u00f6r n\u00e5got f\u00f6r mig eller min grupp<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">Min v\u00e4n l\u00e4rde mig japanska<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span><\/td><td>jag f\u00e5r eller ber n\u00e5gon om en tj\u00e4nst<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">Jag bad min v\u00e4n att l\u00e4ra mig japanska<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">Min v\u00e4n hj\u00e4lpte mig med l\u00e4xorna.<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Tomodachi ga shukudai o tetsudatte kuremashita.<\/em><br \/>\nEn v\u00e4n hj\u00e4lpte mig med l\u00e4xorna.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">Jag bad l\u00e4raren att r\u00e4tta min uppsats.<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Watashi wa sensei ni sakubun o naoshite moraimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nJag bad l\u00e4raren att r\u00e4tta min uppsats och fick den hj\u00e4lpen.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span> kan l\u00e5ta som om talaren framh\u00e4ver den tj\u00e4nst hen gjorde. N\u00e4r man talar direkt med den som fick tj\u00e4nsten \u00e4r det inte alltid det mest diskreta valet. I formella sammanhang uttrycker former som <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f<\/span> respekt, men de h\u00f6r till ett senare skede i studierna.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Dialog med de tre m\u00f6nstren<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u4e0a\u624b\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u306d\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Nihongo ga j\u014dzu ni narimashita ne.<\/em><br \/>\nDin japanska har blivit b\u00e4ttre, eller hur?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u3054\u3056\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6bce\u9031\u3001\u5148\u751f\u306b\u4f1a\u8a71\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Arigat\u014d gozaimasu. Maish\u016b, sensei ni kaiwa o oshiete moratte imasu.<\/em><br \/>\nTack. Varje vecka f\u00e5r jag konversationslektioner av l\u00e4raren.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">Ska du g\u00e5 och studera idag ocks\u00e5?<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Ky\u014d mo benky\u014d shi ni ikimasu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nSka du studera idag ocks\u00e5?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f\u3044\u3002\u5148\u751f\u304c\u99c5\u307e\u3067\u8fce\u3048\u306b\u6765\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Hai. Sensei ga eki made mukae ni kite kuremasu.<\/em><br \/>\nJa. L\u00e4raren kommer att h\u00e4mta mig vid stationen.<\/p>\n\n<p>Dialogen anv\u00e4nder <span lang=\"ja\">\u4e0a\u624b\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> f\u00f6r f\u00f6r\u00e4ndring, <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u8fce\u3048\u306b\u6765\u308b<\/span> f\u00f6r syfte, samt <span lang=\"ja\">\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span> f\u00f6r handlingar som presenteras som hj\u00e4lp.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Vanliga misstag<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Att anv\u00e4nda <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span> f\u00f6re <span lang=\"ja\">naru<\/span>:<\/strong> s\u00e4g <span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>, inte <span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b\u306a\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gl\u00f6mma den speciella formen av \u3044\u3044:<\/strong> \u201cbli b\u00e4ttre\u201d \u00e4r <span lang=\"ja\">\u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c4ndra <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> av <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> mekaniskt:<\/strong> uttryck som <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> har egen betydelse.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Anv\u00e4nda verbet i ordboksform f\u00f6re \u306b f\u00f6r syfte:<\/strong> s\u00e4g <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span>, inte <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00d6vers\u00e4tta <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b<\/span> som \u201ckom\u201d:<\/strong> d\u00e5tid \u00e4r <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u305f\uff0f\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00e4lj \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b och \u3082\u3089\u3046 enbart utifr\u00e5n \u00f6vers\u00e4ttningen:<\/strong> observera vem som ger, vem som tar emot och fr\u00e5n vilket perspektiv meningen \u00e4r konstruerad.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Att behandla <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span> som en neutral form av v\u00e4nlighet:<\/strong> den kan framh\u00e4va tj\u00e4nsten och kr\u00e4ver uppm\u00e4rksamhet p\u00e5 relationen mellan m\u00e4nniskor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>\u00d6vning<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li>F\u00f6rvandla <span lang=\"ja\">\u6691\u3044<\/span> till \u201cbli varm\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>F\u00f6rvandla <span lang=\"ja\">\u5143\u6c17<\/span> till \u201cm\u00e5 bra\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>Komplettera: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\uff08\u3000\uff09\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>S\u00e4g \u201cMin v\u00e4n kom f\u00f6r att studera japanska\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00e4lj verbet: <span lang=\"ja\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u79c1\u306b\u304a\u83d3\u5b50\u3092\uff08\u3042\u3052\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0f\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Skriv om \u201cL\u00e4raren r\u00e4ttade min uppsats \u00e5t mig\u201d med <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p><strong>Svar:<\/strong> 1. <span lang=\"ja\">\u6691\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span>; 2. <span lang=\"ja\">\u5143\u6c17\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>; 3. <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span>formning <span lang=\"ja\">\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span>; 4. <span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u306b\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>; 5. <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>, eftersom objektet kom till talaren; 6. <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u5148\u751f\u306b\u4f5c\u6587\u3092\u76f4\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Sammanfattning<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">A\u304f\uff0fAN\u306b\uff0fN\u306b + \u306a\u308b<\/span> presenterar en f\u00f6r\u00e4ndring och det resulterande tillst\u00e5ndet.<\/li>\n<li>Stammen av <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059 + \u306b + \u884c\u304f\uff0f\u6765\u308b\uff0f\u5e30\u308b<\/span> presenterar syftet med en r\u00f6relse.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> beskriver att ge och ta emot ur olika perspektiv.<\/li>\n<li>Efter formen <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066<\/span>, dessa verb visar en handling som utf\u00f6rs eller tas emot som en f\u00f6rm\u00e5n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Dessa m\u00f6nster blir l\u00e4ttare n\u00e4r du analyserar funktionen hos varje element, ist\u00e4llet f\u00f6r att \u00f6vers\u00e4tta ord f\u00f6r ord. F\u00f6r att \u00f6va p\u00e5 komponentordningen och utel\u00e4mnandet av subjektet, forts\u00e4tt med guiden om <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/hur-man-bildar-meningar-pa-japanska\/\">hur man bildar meningar p\u00e5 japanska<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-c2373870306ff\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Vad \u00e4r verbala uttryck p\u00e5 japanska?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Det \u00e4r m\u00f6nster som kombinerar verb med partiklar, adjektiv, substantiv eller andra verb f\u00f6r att kommunicera id\u00e9er som f\u00f6r\u00e4ndring, syfte, \u00f6verf\u00f6ring och nytta.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-e2794fb1bdb06\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Hur man anv\u00e4nder \u306a\u308b p\u00e5 japanska?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u306a\u308b presenterar en f\u00f6r\u00e4ndring och det resulterande tillst\u00e5ndet. Anv\u00e4nd \u3044-adjektiv utan \u3044 + \u304f\u306a\u308b, \u306a-adjektiv + \u306b\u306a\u308b eller substantiv + \u306b\u306a\u308b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-fba8bc59e0170\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Hur s\u00e4ger man bli b\u00e4ttre p\u00e5 japanska?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Anv\u00e4nd \u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b. \u00c4ven om \u3044\u3044 betyder \u2018bra\u2019, utg\u00e5r dess b\u00f6jningar fr\u00e5n \u3088\u3044; d\u00e4rf\u00f6r \u00e4r den korrekta formen \u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b, inte \u3044\u304f\u306a\u308b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-10b1015ac37f2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Hur s\u00e4ger man att g\u00e5 och g\u00f6ra n\u00e5got p\u00e5 japanska?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Ta bort \u307e\u3059 fr\u00e5n verbet, l\u00e4gg till \u306b och avsluta med ett r\u00f6relseverb. Till exempel blir \u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059 \u8cb7\u3044\u306b\u884c\u304f, \u2018att g\u00e5 och handla\u2019.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-11d08c300706f\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Vad \u00e4r skillnaden mellan \u3042\u3052\u308b och \u304f\u308c\u308b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3042\u3052\u308b presenterar n\u00e5got som ges av den som ger och vanligtvis ut ur talarens perspektiv. \u304f\u308c\u308b presenterar n\u00e5got som kommer till talaren eller n\u00e5gon i dennes grupp.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-6c316a9dc2c6e\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Vad \u00e4r skillnaden mellan \u304f\u308c\u308b och \u3082\u3089\u3046?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Med \u304f\u308c\u308b \u00e4r den som ger subjektet och \u00f6verf\u00f6ringen kommer mot talaren. Med \u3082\u3089\u3046 \u00e4r den som tar emot subjektet och presenterar samma h\u00e4ndelse som mottagande.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-44b028720d4c9\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Hur man anv\u00e4nder V\u3066\u3042\u3052\u308b, V\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b och V\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>L\u00e4gg till \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b eller \u3082\u3089\u3046 till \u3066-formen. M\u00f6nstret visar en handling som g\u00f6rs f\u00f6r n\u00e5gon, g\u00f6rs f\u00f6r talaren eller tas emot med hj\u00e4lp av n\u00e5gon, respektive.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-54f0b4f91e22e\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Vad betyder \u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308b betyder att n\u00e5got \u00e4r l\u00e4rorikt, instruktivt eller l\u00e4r ut n\u00e5got anv\u00e4ndbart. Det \u00e4r inte en allm\u00e4n regel f\u00f6r att omvandla vilket verb som helst som slutar p\u00e5 \u3059\u308b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u00e4r dig tre japanska verbala uttryck: f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar med \u306a\u308b, syfte med \u306b\u884c\u304f och perspektivet av \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b och \u3082\u3089\u3046.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":2090,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73,60],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2089","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2089","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2089"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2089\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4449,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2089\/revisions\/4449"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2090"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2089"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2089"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2089"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}