{"id":2103,"date":"2009-11-04T06:16:42","date_gmt":"2009-11-04T08:16:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2103"},"modified":"2026-08-15T17:44:37","modified_gmt":"2026-08-15T20:44:37","slug":"japanska-verb-i-tai-form","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/verbos-em-japones-na-forma-tai\/","title":{"rendered":"Tai-formen (\u305f\u3044) p\u00e5 japanska: hur man s\u00e4ger att man vill g\u00f6ra n\u00e5got"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Snabbt svar:<\/strong> a <strong>formen tai (\u305f\u3044) p\u00e5 japanska<\/strong> indikerar att n\u00e5gon vill utf\u00f6ra en handling. F\u00f6r att bilda den, ta bort <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span> fr\u00e5n verbets artiga form och l\u00e4gg till <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044<\/span>: <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059 \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u305f\u3044<\/span> (\u201cvill \u00e4ta\u201d) och <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059 \u2192 \u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044<\/span> (\u201cvill g\u00e5\u201d). Eftersom <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044<\/span> det b\u00f6js p\u00e5 liknande s\u00e4tt som ett \u3044-adjektiv, finns ocks\u00e5 former som <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Den h\u00e4r guiden visar bildningen, b\u00f6jningarna, partiklarna och anv\u00e4ndningsh\u00e4nsynen f\u00f6r formen \u305f\u3044 p\u00e5 japanska. Exemplen \u00e4r t\u00e4nkta f\u00f6r dig som redan k\u00e4nner igen <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/masu-form-av-japanska-verb\/\">\u307e\u3059-formen av verb<\/a>, men du kan ocks\u00e5 f\u00f6lja f\u00f6rklaringen med b\u00f6rjan fr\u00e5n tabellen nedan.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Vad betyder formen tai (\u305f\u3044)?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Strukturen <strong>verb + \u305f\u3044<\/strong> uttrycker en \u00f6nskan att g\u00f6ra det verbet anger. P\u00e5 svenska motsvarar det ofta \u201cvill g\u00f6ra\u201d, \u201cskulle vilja g\u00f6ra\u201d eller, i d\u00e5tid, \u201cville g\u00f6ra\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\"><strong>\u65e5\u672c\u306b\u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/span><br \/><em>Nihon ni ikitai desu.<\/em><br \/>Jag vill \u00e5ka till Japan.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\"><strong>\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3068\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/span><br \/><em>Nihongo o motto benkyou shitai desu.<\/em><br \/>Jag vill studera mer japanska.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\"><strong>\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u65e9\u304f\u5bdd\u305f\u3044\u3002<\/strong><\/span><br \/><em>Kyou wa hayaku netai.<\/em><br \/>Idag vill jag sova tidigt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044<\/span> l\u00e4ggs till stammen av \u307e\u3059-formen. N\u00e4r den v\u00e4l \u00e4r bildad beter sig hela uttrycket, i de grundl\u00e4ggande b\u00f6jningarna, som ett <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/i-adjektiv-pa-japanska\/\">\u3044-adjektiv<\/a>. Det f\u00f6rklarar varf\u00f6r negationen slutar p\u00e5 <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/span> och preteritum p\u00e5 <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Hur man bildar verb med \u305f\u3044<\/h2>\n\n<p>Den s\u00e4kraste metoden f\u00f6r nyb\u00f6rjare \u00e4r att utg\u00e5 fr\u00e5n \u307e\u3059-formen:<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li>S\u00e4tt verbet i \u307e\u3059-formen.<\/li>\n<li>Ta bort <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e4gg till <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Verb<\/th><th>\u307e\u3059-form<\/th><th>Radikal<\/th><th>\u305f\u3044-form<\/th><th>Betydelse<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3046<\/span> (<em>kau<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3044\u8cb7\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3044<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3044\u305f\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>vill k\u00f6pa<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u304f<\/span> (<em>kaku<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u304d<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u304d\u305f\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>vill skriva<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98f2\u3080<\/span> (<em>nomu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98f2\u307f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98f2\u307f\u305f\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>vill dricka<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/span> (<em>taberu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u305f\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>vill \u00e4ta<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u308b<\/span> (<em>miru<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u305f\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>vill se<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> (<em>suru<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3057<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3057\u305f\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>vill g\u00f6ra<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b<\/span> (<em>Kuru<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u305f\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>vill komma<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Den h\u00e4r proceduren fungerar med verb fr\u00e5n alla tre grupperna. Om du fortfarande tvekar mellan godan, ichidan och oregelbundna verb, g\u00e5 igenom <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/verbgrupper-pa-japanska\/\">japanska verbgrupper<\/a>. F\u00f6r att anv\u00e4nda \u305f\u3044 beh\u00f6ver du dock inte memorera en ny regel f\u00f6r varje grupp: att kunna n\u00e5 \u307e\u3059-formen l\u00f6ser redan bildningen.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Konjugation av \u305f\u3044: jakande, nekande och d\u00e5tid<\/h2>\n\n<p>Efter att ha lagt till <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044<\/span>, b\u00f6jer du slutet som du skulle g\u00f6ra med ett \u3044-adjektiv. Tabellen anv\u00e4nder <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044<\/span> (<em>ikitai<\/em>, \u201cvill g\u00e5\u201d) som modell.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Tempus och polaritet<\/th><th>Enkel form<\/th><th>Polerad form<\/th><th>Ungef\u00e4rlig \u00f6vers\u00e4ttning<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Presens\/futurum jakande<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><td>vill g\u00e5<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Presens\/futurum nekande<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><td>vill inte g\u00e5<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Tidigare affirmativ<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u305f\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u305f\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><td>ville g\u00e5<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Negativt f\u00f6rflutet<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u305f\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u305f\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><td>ville inte g\u00e5<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>I artigt spr\u00e5k \u00e4r formerna med <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> direkta och mycket anv\u00e4ndbara f\u00f6r nyb\u00f6rjare. Det finns ocks\u00e5 varianter som <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u305f\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span>, mer formella, men det \u00e4r inte n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndigt att blanda alla i f\u00f6rsta kontakten.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Exempel i de fyra formerna<\/h3>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\"><strong>\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/span><br \/><em>Atarashii hon o yomitai desu.<\/em><br \/>Jag vill l\u00e4sa en ny bok.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\"><strong>\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u6599\u7406\u3057\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/span><br \/><em>Kyou wa ryouri shitakunai desu.<\/em><br \/>Idag vill jag inte laga mat.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\"><strong>\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3001\u5148\u751f\u306b\u306a\u308a\u305f\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/span><br \/><em>Kodomo no toki, sensei ni naritakatta desu.<\/em><br \/>N\u00e4r jag var barn ville jag bli l\u00e4rare.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\"><strong>\u6628\u65e5\u306f\u5916\u306b\u51fa\u305f\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/span><br \/><em>Kinou wa soto ni detakunakatta desu.<\/em><br \/>Ig\u00e5r ville jag inte g\u00e5 ut.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<!--Ads6-->\n\n<h2>N\u00e4r man anv\u00e4nder \u305f\u3044 \u2014 och n\u00e4r man ska vara f\u00f6rsiktig<\/h2>\n\n<h3>1. Tala om sin egen \u00f6nskan<\/h3>\n\n<p>Den mest direkta anv\u00e4ndningen \u00e4r att uttrycka vad talaren sj\u00e4lv vill g\u00f6ra. Subjektet utel\u00e4mnas ofta n\u00e4r det redan framg\u00e5r av sammanhanget.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\"><strong>\u9031\u672b\u3001\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/span><br \/><em>Shuumatsu, eiga o mitai desu.<\/em><br \/>I helgen vill jag se en film.<\/p>\n\n<h3>2. Fr\u00e5ga om samtalspartnerns \u00f6nskan<\/h3>\n\n<p>I en fr\u00e5ga kan \u305f\u3044 anv\u00e4ndas f\u00f6r att ta reda p\u00e5 vad den andra personen vill g\u00f6ra. Intonationen och den artiga formen hj\u00e4lper till att anpassa meningen till situationen.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\"><strong>\u65e5\u672c\u3067\u4f55\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong><\/span><br \/><em>Nihon de nani o shitai desu ka.<\/em><br \/>Vad vill du g\u00f6ra i Japan?<\/p>\n\n<p>Bland v\u00e4nner kan en kort fr\u00e5ga som <span lang=\"ja\">\u4f55\u304c\u98df\u3079\u305f\u3044\uff1f<\/span> (<em>Nani ga tabetai?<\/em>, (\u201cVad vill du \u00e4ta?\u201d) \u00e4r naturligt. I formella sammanhang kan valet av en mer indirekt fr\u00e5ga uppfattas som mer omt\u00e4nksam.<\/p>\n\n<h3>3. Att tala om en tredje persons \u00f6nskan<\/h3>\n\n<p>Undvik att direkt presentera en annan persons inre k\u00e4nsla som om du hade tillg\u00e5ng till den. N\u00e4r \u00f6nskan observeras genom beteende \u00e4r en vanlig konstruktion <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\"><strong>\u79c1\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u306b\u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/span><br \/><em>Watashi wa Nihon ni ikitai desu.<\/em><br \/>Jag vill \u00e5ka till Japan.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\"><strong>\u5f1f\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u306b\u884c\u304d\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/span><br \/><em>Otouto wa Nihon ni ikitagatte imasu.<\/em><br \/>Min yngre bror visar att han vill \u00e5ka till Japan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Om personen sj\u00e4lv har uttryckt \u00f6nskan kan du ocks\u00e5 \u00e5terge talet: <span lang=\"ja\">\u5f1f\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u306b\u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/span> (\u201cMin bror s\u00e4ger att han vill \u00e5ka till Japan\u201d). Valet beror p\u00e5 hur du har f\u00e5tt informationen.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Att anv\u00e4nda \u3092 eller \u304c med formen \u305f\u3044?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Med transitiva verb i formen \u305f\u3044 kan b\u00e5da <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> hur mycket <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> f\u00f6rekomma i m\u00e5nga sammanhang:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\"><strong>\u30b8\u30e3\u30ba\u3092\u805e\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\"><strong>\u30b8\u30e3\u30ba\u304c\u805e\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>De tv\u00e5 meningarna kan betyda \u201cJag vill lyssna p\u00e5 jazz\u201d. Som en f\u00f6rsta v\u00e4gledning, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> beh\u00e5ller den normala markeringen av handlingens objekt; <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> kan framh\u00e4va det som \u00f6nskas. Preferensen varierar ocks\u00e5 beroende p\u00e5 verb, sammanhang och avsedd kontrast. D\u00e4rf\u00f6r ska du inte behandla den ena partikeln som universellt korrekt och den andra som fel.<\/p>\n\n<p>Om partiklar fortfarande \u00e4r en sv\u00e5r punkt, se guiden om <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/grundlaggande-partiklar-pa-japanska\/\">\u306f, \u304c, \u3092, \u306b och \u3067<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Skillnad mellan \u305f\u3044, \u6b32\u3057\u3044 och \u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Struktur<\/th><th>Vad uttrycker<\/th><th>Exempel<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Verb + <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>Jag vill utf\u00f6ra en handling<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>Jag vill studera japanska.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Substantiv + <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>Jag vill ha en sak<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u8f9e\u66f8\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>Jag vill ha en ny ordbok.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Verb i \u3066-form + <span lang=\"ja\">\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>Jag vill att n\u00e5gon annan g\u00f6r n\u00e5got<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u6587\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>Jag vill att du ser den h\u00e4r meningen.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Sammanfattningsvis: anv\u00e4nd \u305f\u3044 f\u00f6r en handling du vill utf\u00f6ra; anv\u00e4nd <span lang=\"ja\">\u6b32\u3057\u3044<\/span> f\u00f6r n\u00e5got du vill ha; och anv\u00e4nd <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span> n\u00e4r du \u00f6nskar en handling fr\u00e5n n\u00e5gon annan. Anv\u00e4ndningen av <span lang=\"ja\">\u6b32\u3057\u3044<\/span> med substantiv \u00e4r \u00e4mnet f\u00f6r artikeln <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/hur-man-sager-att-man-vill-ha-nagot-pa-japanska\/\">hur man s\u00e4ger att man vill ha n\u00e5got p\u00e5 japanska<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u305f\u3044 i mer naturliga meningar<\/h2>\n\n<p>Efter att du beh\u00e4rskar grundstrukturen, kombinera \u305f\u3044 med tid, plats, anledning och grad av \u00f6nskan. Det f\u00f6rvandlar en isolerad mening till verklig kommunikation.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\"><strong>\u3044\u3064\u304b\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u306b\u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/span><br \/><em>Itsuka Hokkaidou ni ikitai desu.<\/em><br \/>N\u00e5gon dag vill jag \u00e5ka till Hokkaido.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\"><strong>\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u306e\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u3068\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u8a71\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/span><br \/><em>Nihonjin no tomodachi to nihongo de hanashitai desu.<\/em><br \/>Jag vill prata japanska med en japansk v\u00e4n.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\"><strong>\u75b2\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5c11\u3057\u4f11\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/span><br \/><em>Tsukareta node, sukoshi yasumitai desu.<\/em><br \/>Eftersom jag \u00e4r tr\u00f6tt vill jag vila lite.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\"><strong>\u3082\u3063\u3068\u6f22\u5b57\u304c\u8aad\u3081\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/span><br \/><em>Motto kanji ga yomeru you ni naritai desu.<\/em><br \/>Jag vill bli b\u00e4ttre p\u00e5 att l\u00e4sa kanji.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>I det sista exemplet, <span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3081\u308b<\/span> \u00e4r potentialformen av \u201cl\u00e4sa\u201d. Om den h\u00e4r konstruktionen fortfarande inte \u00e4r tydlig, g\u00e5 igenom <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/potentiell-form-av-japanska-verb\/\">potentialformen f\u00f6r japanska verb<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>En mjukare form: \u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/span> l\u00e4gger till id\u00e9n om \u201cjag tror att jag skulle vilja\u201d eller \u201cjag t\u00e4nker\u201d. I avsiktsf\u00f6rklaringar kan det l\u00e5ta mindre abrupt \u00e4n att bara s\u00e4ga \u305f\u3044.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\"><strong>\u6765\u5e74\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u7559\u5b66\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/span><br \/><em>Rainen, Nihon e ryuugaku shitai to omoimasu.<\/em><br \/>N\u00e4sta \u00e5r t\u00e4nker jag studera i Japan.<\/p>\n\n<p>Den h\u00e4r strukturen uttrycker personlig \u00f6nskan eller avsikt; den \u00e4r inte identisk med en redan fastst\u00e4lld plan. F\u00f6r att prata om beslut och planer med en annan nyans, studera <span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span> separat.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Vanliga misstag med formen \u305f\u3044<\/h2>\n\n<h3>L\u00e4gga till \u305f\u3044 till ordboksformen<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Felaktigt:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b\u305f\u3044<\/span><br \/><strong>Korrekt:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u305f\u3044<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044<\/span> ansluter till stammen av \u307e\u3059-formen, inte till ordboksformen. J\u00e4mf\u00f6r <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059 \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u305f\u3044<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>B\u00f6ja \u305f\u3044 som ett vanligt verb<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Felaktigt:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><br \/><strong>Korrekt:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>Negationen \u00e4ndras <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044<\/span> till <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/span>. Logiken \u00e4r densamma som f\u00f6r adjektiv p\u00e5 \u3044.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Anv\u00e4nd \u305f\u3044 f\u00f6r att vilja ha ett objekt<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Felaktigt:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u8eca\u3092\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span><br \/><strong>Korrekt:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u8eca\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>Eftersom \u305f\u3044 kr\u00e4ver ett verb, \u00e4r ett annat alternativ <span lang=\"ja\">\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u8eca\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span> (\u201cJag vill k\u00f6pa en ny bil\u201d).<\/p>\n\n<h3>Att blanda ihop \u201cvill g\u00f6ra\u201d med \u201ckan g\u00f6ra\u201d<\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span> betyder \u201cJag vill prata japanska\u201d. Medan <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span> betyder \u201cJag kan prata japanska\u201d. \u00d6nskan och f\u00f6rm\u00e5ga \u00e4r olika begrepp.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Snabb\u00f6vning<\/h2>\n\n<p>Omvandla verben inom parentes till l\u00e4mplig form. F\u00f6rs\u00f6k svara innan du \u00f6ppnar facit.<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eac\u90fd\u3067\u5199\u771f\u3092 ______ \u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span> (<span lang=\"ja\">\u64ae\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/span>) \u2014 Jag vill ta foton i Kyoto.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u8089\u3092 ______ \u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span> (<span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/span>, nekande) \u2014 Idag vill jag inte \u00e4ta k\u00f6tt.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3001\u533b\u8005\u306b ______ \u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span> (<span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/span>, d\u00e5tid) \u2014 N\u00e4r jag var barn ville jag bli l\u00e4kare.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30d1\u30bd\u30b3\u30f3\u3092 ______\u3002<\/span> (<span lang=\"ja\">\u3044\u8cb7\u307e\u3059<\/span>, observerad \u00f6nskan hos tredje person) \u2014 Tanaka visar att han vill k\u00f6pa en ny dator.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details>\n<summary><strong>Visa svar<\/strong><\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u64ae\u308a\u305f\u3044<\/span> \u2014 <em>toritai<\/em><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/span> \u2014 <em>tabetakunai<\/em><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308a\u305f\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span> \u2014 <em>naritakatta<\/em><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3044\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/span> \u2014 <em>kaitagatte imasu<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n<h2>Sammanfattning av formen \u305f\u3044<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Anv\u00e4nd <strong>radikal av formen \u307e\u3059 + \u305f\u3044<\/strong>: <span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u307f\u307e\u3059 \u2192 \u8aad\u307f\u305f\u3044<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>De viktigaste b\u00f6jningarna \u00e4r <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Anv\u00e4nd \u305f\u3044 fr\u00e4mst f\u00f6r att uttrycka din egen \u00f6nskan eller f\u00f6r att fr\u00e5ga om samtalspartnerns \u00f6nskan.<\/li>\n<li>F\u00f6r tredje person, \u00f6verv\u00e4g <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/span> eller rapportera vad hen sa.<\/li>\n<li>Med m\u00e5nga transitiva verb kan b\u00e5de <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> hur mycket <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> f\u00f6rekomma.<\/li>\n<li>Blanda inte ihop \u201cvilja g\u00f6ra\u201d (<span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044<\/span>), \u201cvilja ha n\u00e5got\u201d (<span lang=\"ja\">\u6b32\u3057\u3044<\/span>) och \u201cvilja att n\u00e5gon g\u00f6r\u201d (<span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>F\u00f6r att forts\u00e4tta sekvensen, j\u00e4mf\u00f6r denna form med <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/te-form-av-japanska-verb\/\">\u3066-formen<\/a> och med <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/formular-mashou-dos-verbos-em-japones\/\">formen \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/a>. P\u00e5 s\u00e5 s\u00e4tt skiljer du tre mycket anv\u00e4nda avsikter: att s\u00e4ga vad du vill g\u00f6ra, att koppla samman handlingar eller \u00f6nskem\u00e5l och att g\u00f6ra inbjudningar.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-94bd0f41b9115\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Vad betyder formen \u305f\u3044 p\u00e5 japanska?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Formen \u305f\u3044 uttrycker en \u00f6nskan att utf\u00f6ra den handling som verbet anger. \u98df\u3079\u305f\u3044, till exempel, betyder att vilja \u00e4ta, och \u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044 betyder att vilja g\u00e5.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-d29c3710349a4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Hur bildar man verb med \u305f\u3044?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>B\u00f6rja fr\u00e5n \u307e\u3059-formen, ta bort \u307e\u3059 och l\u00e4gg till \u305f\u3044. S\u00e5 blir \u8aad\u307f\u307e\u3059 till \u8aad\u307f\u305f\u3044, \u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059 till \u98df\u3079\u305f\u3044, \u3057\u307e\u3059 till \u3057\u305f\u3044 och \u6765\u307e\u3059 till \u6765\u305f\u3044.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-e17e1ba1d759a\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Hur konjugerar man formen \u305f\u3044 i negation och d\u00e5tid?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u305f\u3044 b\u00f6js som ett \u3044-adjektiv: \u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044 \u00e4r negationen, \u305f\u304b\u3063\u305f \u00e4r affirmativ preteritum och \u305f\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f \u00e4r negativ preteritum. Det \u00e4r m\u00f6jligt att l\u00e4gga till \u3067\u3059 f\u00f6r att h\u00e5lla meningen artig.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-6d8e32773c11a\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Vad \u00e4r skillnaden mellan \u305f\u3044, \u6b32\u3057\u3044 och \u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Anv\u00e4nd verb + \u305f\u3044 f\u00f6r en handling du vill utf\u00f6ra, substantiv + \u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044 f\u00f6r en sak du vill ha och verb i \u3066-form + \u307b\u3057\u3044 f\u00f6r en handling du vill att n\u00e5gon annan g\u00f6r.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-df250caa28c05\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Hur man pratar om n\u00e5gon annans \u00f6nskan p\u00e5 japanska?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>F\u00f6r en \u00f6nskan som observeras hos en tredje person, anv\u00e4nd ofta \u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b. Om personen har uttryckt sin egen \u00f6nskan kan du rapportera den med en konstruktion som \u305f\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-e3d5a5937fd3d\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Ska jag anv\u00e4nda \u3092 eller \u304c med formen \u305f\u3044?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Med m\u00e5nga transitiva verb kan b\u00e5da partiklarna f\u00f6rekomma. \u3092 beh\u00e5ller den normala markeringen av handlingens objekt, medan \u304c kan framh\u00e4va det som \u00f6nskas; valet beror p\u00e5 verbet och sammanhanget.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>K\u00e4llor f\u00f6r att kontrollera och \u00f6va<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/a2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/description\/010.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marugoto Plus \u2014 V\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059 \/ V\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/a>: bildning, b\u00f6jning och exempel p\u00e5 \u00f6nskan.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/a1.marugotoweb.jp\/ja\/grammar_topic9_18.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marugoto Plus A1 \u2014 \u00f6vning av formen \u305f\u3044<\/a>: \u00f6vningar i resesituationer.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpf.go.jp\/j\/project\/japanese\/survey\/area\/country\/syllabus\/pdf\/sy_honyaku_14_AU_vic.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Jap\u00e3o \u2014 syllabus f\u00f6r japanska<\/a>: referenser till <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u304c\u308b<\/span> och anv\u00e4ndningen av <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092\uff0f\u304c<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/a1.marugotoweb.jp\/ja\/grammar_topic4_8.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marugoto Plus \u2014 \u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/a>: kontrast med \u00f6nskan att f\u00e5 en sak.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/pre-intermediate\/pdf\/ZZ_L11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori \u2014 V\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/a>: kontrast mellan vad talaren vill g\u00f6ra och vad denne \u00f6nskar att n\u00e5gon annan g\u00f6r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u00e4r dig att bilda och b\u00f6ja tai-formen p\u00e5 japanska, anv\u00e4nda \u3092 och \u304c, prata om \u00f6nskningar och skilja mellan \u305f\u3044, \u6b32\u3057\u3044 och \u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":2105,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2103","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2103","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2103"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2103\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4432,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2103\/revisions\/4432"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2105"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2103"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2103"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}