{"id":2127,"date":"2009-11-04T06:28:12","date_gmt":"2009-11-04T08:28:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2127"},"modified":"2018-03-18T20:41:17","modified_gmt":"2018-03-18T23:41:17","slug":"koto-ga-dekiru-poder-e-nao-poder-em-japones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/koto-ga-dekiru-poder-e-nao-poder-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Koto ga dekiru - Makt och icke-makt p\u00e5 japanska"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"ca37210a771ea5350c46bdff28d7a265\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Fique por dentro e saiba mais sobre o <strong>Koto ga dekiru - Makt och icke-makt p\u00e5 japanska<\/strong>!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>A id\u00e9ia de poder e n\u00e3o poder fazer algo em japon\u00eas pode ser expressa de v\u00e1rias formas, indo do informal ao formal, e passando por express\u00f5es e conjuga\u00e7\u00f5es verbais. De in\u00edcio, me pareceu bem complicado, mas depois de algum tempo refletindo sobre o assunto, parece que as coisas ficam mais claras e f\u00e1ceis de assimilar.<\/p>\n<p>Apesar disso, por hoje, vou comentar apenas sobre a forma mais simples de falar o que somos capazes de fazer e o que n\u00e3o conseguimos realizar. Essa forma \u00e9 conhecida como\u00a0<acronym title=\"koto ga dekiru | poder\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<h2>Construindo a express\u00e3o koto ga dekiru<\/h2>\n<p>Para falar sobre o que podemos e n\u00e3o podemos em japon\u00eas, vamos usar as palavras\u00a0<acronym title=\"koto ga\">\u3053\u3068\u304c<\/acronym>\u00a0e \u3067\u304d\u308b. Onde\u00a0<acronym title=\"koto | coisa\">\u3053\u3068<\/acronym>\u00a0\u00e9 uma palavra que significa \u201ccoisa\u201d ou \u201csobre algo\u201d,\u00a0<acronym title=\"ga\">\u304c<\/acronym>\u00a0\u00e9 a nossa famosa part\u00edcula de sujeito e\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekiru | poder\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0\u00e9 o verbo \u201cpoder\u201d em japon\u00eas. Juntas, estas palavras formam uma express\u00e3o com significado de \u201cser h\u00e1bil para fazer algo\u201d, \u201cpoder ou ter a capacidade de fazer algo\u201d, \u201cconseguir fazer\u201d ou simplesmente \u201cpoder\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Devemos ter uma aten\u00e7\u00e3o redobrada ao ler textos em japon\u00eas, porque\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekiru | poder\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>geralmente \u00e9 escrito em\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/hiragana-tabela-fullstandig\/\">hiragana<\/a>, mas pode aparecer na sua forma em kanji\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekiru | poder\">\u51fa\u6765\u308b<\/acronym>informal ou no modo formal\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekimasu | poder\">\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<h2>Como usar a express\u00e3o koto ga dekiru<\/h2>\n<p>Para criar frases com\u00a0<acronym title=\"koto ga dekiru | poder\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>, basta construir a frase normalmente, mas conjugando o verbo na sua forma mais simples, conhecida como forma do dicion\u00e1rio.<\/p>\n<p>Se desejar saber mais sobre os verbos japoneses na forma do dicion\u00e1rio, sugiro uma leitura no artigo, &#8220;<a title=\"Modo informal dos verbos em japon\u00eas\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/modo-informal-dos-verbos-em-japones\/\">Japanska verb i informellt l\u00e4ge<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>Pensando dessa forma podemos criar a frase\u00a0<acronym title=\"watashi wa pan o taberu. | Eu como p\u00e3o.\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e mudar o sentido dela adicionando\u00a0<acronym title=\"koto ga dekiru | poder\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0depois do verbo. Assim teremos\u00a0<acronym title=\"watashi wa pan o taberu koto ga dekiru. | Eu posso (tenho a habilidade de ) comer p\u00e3o.\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<p>Opcionalmente, voc\u00ea pode trocar\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekiru | poder\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0pelo seu modo formal, ou forma masu,\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekimasu | poder\">\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>, atribuindo maior formalidade a frase. Assim, a frase acima ficaria\u00a0<acronym title=\"watashi wa pan o taberu koto ga dekimasu. | Eu posso (tenho a habilidade de ) comer p\u00e3o.\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<p>Perceba que o padr\u00e3o de frases \u00e9 sempre\u00a0<strong>sujeito + wa + objeto + o + verbo + koto ga dekiru\/dekimasu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>O passado com koto ga dekiru<\/h2>\n<p>No caso acima, descobrimos como usar a express\u00e3o\u00a0<acronym title=\"koto ga dekiru | poder\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0no tempo presente formal e informal. Agora, vamos passar para os outros tempos verbais, come\u00e7ando pelo passado afirmativo.<\/p>\n<p>Independente de qual seja o tempo do verbo em japon\u00eas, normalmente conjugamos apenas o verbo\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekiru | poder\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0para que a frase mude de tempo verbal. No caso do passado, basta trocar\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekiru | poder\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0av\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekita | podia ou poderia\">\u3067\u304d\u305f<\/acronym>, no passado informal, ou por\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekimashita | podia ou poderia\">\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym>\u00a0no passado formal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exempel:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"watashi wa pan o taberu koto ga dekita. | Eu podia (tinha a habilidade de) comer p\u00e3o.\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305f\u3002<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"watashi wa pan o taberu koto ga dekimashita. | Eu podia (tinha a habilidade de) comer p\u00e3o.\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Koto ga dekiru e o presente negativo<\/h2>\n<p>Seguindo a mesma regra, para falar que podemos fazer algo no presente negativo, basta trocar o verbo\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekiru | poder\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0av\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekinai | n\u00e3o poder ou n\u00e3o posso\">\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044<\/acronym>, no modo informal, ou<acronym title=\"dekimasen | n\u00e3o poder ou n\u00e3o posso\">\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym>, no modo formal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exempel:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"watashi wa pan o taberu koto ga dekinai. | Eu n\u00e3o posso (n\u00e3o tenho a habilidade de) comer p\u00e3o.\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"watashi wa pan o taberu koto ga dekmasen. | Eu n\u00e3o posso (n\u00e3o tenho a habilidade de) comer p\u00e3o.\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>O passado negativo com koto ga dekiru<\/h2>\n<p>O passado negativo \u00e9 formado trocando-se\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekiru | poder\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0av\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekinakatta | n\u00e3o podia ou n\u00e3o poderia\">\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/acronym>, no modo informal, ou\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekimasen deshita | n\u00e3o podia ou n\u00e3o poderia\">\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym>, no modo formal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exempel:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"watashi wa pan o taberu koto ga dekinakatta | Eu n\u00e3o podia (n\u00e3o tinha a habilidade de) comer p\u00e3o.\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"watashi wa pan o taberu koto ga dekimasen deshita | Eu n\u00e3o podia (n\u00e3o tinha a habilidade de) comer p\u00e3o.\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/acronym><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Dekiru e frases com o verbo suru<\/h2>\n<p>Achei muito interessante quando descobri que frases compostas pelo verbo\u00a0<acronym title=\"suru | do\">\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>, podem mudar de sentido quando trocamos\u00a0<acronym title=\"suru | do\">\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0av\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekiru | poder\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>. Nestes casos, geralmente o sentido da frase muda de &#8220;fazer&#8221; para &#8220;poder fazer&#8221;, &#8220;saber fazer&#8221; ou algo do g\u00eanero.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exempel:<\/strong><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kanojo wa hikouki o soujou suru | Ela pilota o avi\u00e3o.\">\u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u98db\u884c\u6a5f\u3092\u64cd\u7e26\u3059\u308b<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kanojo wa hikouki o soujou dekiru | Ela consegue (poder) pilotar o avi\u00e3o.\">\u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u98db\u884c\u6a5f\u3092\u64cd\u7e26\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Usando dekiru em frases curtas<\/h2>\n<p>Em algumas frases curtas, podemos usar o verbo\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekiru | poder\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0logo ap\u00f3s o substantivo, fazendo uso da part\u00edcula\u00a0<acronym title=\"ga\">\u304c<\/acronym>. Kolla in det h\u00e4r:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"tanaka-san wa nihongo ga dekimasu | O senhor Tanaka consegue (pode) falar japon\u00eas.\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"boku wa gitaa ga dekinai | Eu n\u00e3o consigo tocar guitarra.\">\u50d5\u306f\u30ae\u30bf\u30fc\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Handskrifts\u00f6vning av kanji<\/h2>\n<p>Nedan finns de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/hur-man-skriver-japanska-kanji-bokstaver\/\">Japanska ideografiska symboler<\/a>\u00a0som anv\u00e4nds i denna artikel. Genom att v\u00e4lja \u00f6nskade kanji kopierar du dem och klistrar in dem i\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/in\/imprimir-para-treinar-kanas-e-kanjis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arbetsblad f\u00f6r Kana och Kanji<\/a>\u00a0Ett nytt f\u00f6nster \u00f6ppnas d\u00e4r du kan se den utskrivbara filen och \u00f6va p\u00e5 japansk kalligrafi genom att t\u00e4cka \u00f6ver de gr\u00e5 symbolerna och sedan f\u00f6rs\u00f6ka skriva sj\u00e4lv. Det \u00e4r bara att skriva ut och \u00f6va.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 122px\" border=\"0\" width=\"389\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u51fa<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6765<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u98df<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5f7c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5973<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u98db<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u884c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6a5f<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u64cd<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u7e26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u7530<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u4e2d<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u65e5<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u672c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8a9e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u50d5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ta reda p\u00e5 mer om Koto ga dekiru - makt och maktl\u00f6shet p\u00e5 japanska! Id\u00e9n om att kunna och inte kunna g\u00f6ra n\u00e5got p\u00e5 japanska kan uttryckas p\u00e5 olika s\u00e4tt,<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":2128,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2127"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2127\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}