{"id":2132,"date":"2009-11-04T06:32:27","date_gmt":"2009-11-04T08:32:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2132"},"modified":"2026-08-15T17:29:12","modified_gmt":"2026-08-15T20:29:12","slug":"potentiell-form-av-japanska-verb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/forma-potencial-dos-verbos-japoneses\/","title":{"rendered":"Potentiell form av japanska verb: praktisk guide"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A <strong>potentiell form p\u00e5 japanska<\/strong> indikerar att n\u00e5gon kan utf\u00f6ra en handling eller att en handling \u00e4r m\u00f6jlig under r\u00e5dande omst\u00e4ndigheter. Till exempel, <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span> betyder \u201cjag kan prata\u201d, medan <span lang=\"ja\">\u4f7f\u3048\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span> kan betyda \u201cdet g\u00e5r inte att anv\u00e4nda\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<p>Denna form \u00e4r i sig varken formell eller informell. Artigheten beror p\u00e5 \u00e4ndelsen: <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span> tillh\u00f6r den enkla stilen och <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span> den artiga stilen. Konstruktionen <span lang=\"ja\">verb + \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> uttrycker liknande betydelser och kan ocks\u00e5 f\u00f6rekomma i b\u00e5da stilarna.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Vad uttrycker den potentiella formen?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Den potentiella formen, kallad <span lang=\"ja\">\u53ef\u80fd\u5f62<\/span> (<em>kan\u014dkei<\/em>), presenterar en handling som m\u00f6jlig. Sammanhanget visar om meningen handlar om en persons f\u00f6rm\u00e5ga, en m\u00f6jlighet eller en yttre omst\u00e4ndighet.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f \u306b\u307b\u3093\u3054\u304c \u306f\u306a\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Watashi wa nihongo ga hanasemasu.<\/em><br \/>Jag kan prata japanska.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u3067\u306f\u5199\u771f\u304c\u64ae\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e \u3073\u3058\u3085\u3064\u304b\u3093\u3067\u306f \u3057\u3083\u3057\u3093\u304c \u3068\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono bijutsukan de wa shashin ga toremasen.<\/em><br \/>Det g\u00e5r inte att ta foton p\u00e5 detta museum.<\/p>\n\n<p>Den f\u00f6rsta meningen beskriver en f\u00f6rm\u00e5ga. Den andra presenterar en om\u00f6jlighet som orsakas av reglerna eller f\u00f6rh\u00e5llandena p\u00e5 platsen. P\u00e5 portugisiska brukar de tv\u00e5 id\u00e9erna ofta \u00f6vers\u00e4ttas med \u201cpoder\u201d eller \u201cconseguir\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u00c4r potentialformen och \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b likv\u00e4rdiga?<\/h2>\n\n<p>De tv\u00e5 konstruktionerna kan uttrycka f\u00f6rm\u00e5ga och m\u00f6jlighet. Det finns ingen regel enligt vilken <span lang=\"ja\">kan<\/span> n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndigtvis \u00e4r informell och potentialformen \u00e4r formell. J\u00e4mf\u00f6r:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Struktur<\/th><th>Enkel stil<\/th><th>Artig stil<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Potentialform<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">kan<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Potentialformen brukar vara mer kompakt. <span lang=\"ja\">kan<\/span> g\u00f6r handlingen explicit som en enhet \u2013 bokstavligen, \u201cdet \u00e4r m\u00f6jligt att g\u00f6ra handlingen av\u2026\u201d. D\u00e4rf\u00f6r f\u00f6rekommer den ofta i f\u00f6rklaringar om tj\u00e4nster, regler, resurser och tillg\u00e4ngliga aktiviteter. Valet beror p\u00e5 meningen och sammanhanget, inte p\u00e5 en fast formalitetsmots\u00e4ttning.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Hur man bildar verb i potentialform<\/h2>\n\n<p>Identifiera f\u00f6rst om verbet \u00e4r godan, ichidan eller oregelbundet. Om denna uppdelning fortfarande inte \u00e4r tydlig, g\u00e5 igenom <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/verbgrupper-pa-japanska\/\">japanska verbgrupper<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Godan-verb: g\u00e5 fr\u00e5n U-kolumnen till E-kolumnen och l\u00e4gg till \u308b<\/h3>\n\n<p>I godan-verb \u00e4ndras den sista moran till motsvarande i E-kolumnen och f\u00e5r <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Final<\/th><th>\u00c4ndring<\/th><th>Exempel<\/th><th>Potentialform<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3046<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3048\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3046<\/span> (<em>kau<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3048\u308b<\/span> (<em>kaeru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u304f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3051\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u304f<\/span> (<em>kaku<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u3051\u308b<\/span> (<em>kakeru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3050<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3052\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6cf3\u3050<\/span> (<em>oyogu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6cf3\u3052\u308b<\/span> (<em>oyogeru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u3059<\/span> (<em>hanasu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span> (<em>hanaseru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3064<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f85\u3064<\/span> (<em>matsu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f85\u3066\u308b<\/span> (<em>materu<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306c<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306d\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6b7b\u306c<\/span> (<em>shinu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6b7b\u306d\u308b<\/span> (<em>shineru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3076<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3079\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">leka<\/span> (<em>asobu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u904a\u3079\u308b<\/span> (<em>asoberu<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3080<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3081\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3080<\/span> (<em>yomu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3081\u308b<\/span> (<em>yomeru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> (<em>kaeru<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>kaereru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Verbet <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> slutar p\u00e5 <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span>, men det \u00e4r godan. D\u00e4rf\u00f6r, formen <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308c\u308b<\/span>, och inte <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>. Den visuella \u00e4ndelsen ensam r\u00e4cker inte f\u00f6r att avg\u00f6ra gruppen.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Ichidan-verb: ta bort \u308b och l\u00e4gg till \u3089\u308c\u308b<\/h3>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>taberu \u2192 taberareru<\/em>) \u2014 att kunna \u00e4ta;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u308b \u2192 \u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>miru \u2192 mirareru<\/em>) \u2014 att kunna se;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b \u2192 \u8d77\u304d\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>okiru \u2192 okirareru<\/em>) \u2014 att kunna vakna eller stiga upp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>Oregelbundna verb<\/h3>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> (<em>suru \u2192 dekiru<\/em>) \u2014 att kunna g\u00f6ra;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>kuru \u2192 korareru<\/em>) \u2014 att kunna komma.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Sammans\u00e4ttningar med <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> f\u00f6ljer samma m\u00f6nster: <span lang=\"ja\">\u4e88\u7d04\u3059\u308b<\/span> v\u00e4ndningar <span lang=\"ja\">\u4e88\u7d04\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b<\/span> v\u00e4ndningar <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads6-->\n\n<h2>Hur man b\u00f6jer ett potentialverb<\/h2>\n\n<p>Efter att ha bildats beter sig de flesta potentialformer som ett ichidan-verb. S\u00e5ledes \u00e4r det m\u00f6jligt att skapa negation, d\u00e5tid och artiga former med ett regelbundet m\u00f6nster. Sidorna om <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/konjugering-av-verb-i-japanska\/\">verbens enkla form<\/a> och <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/masu-form-av-japanska-verb\/\">\u307e\u3059-formen<\/a> hj\u00e4lper till att g\u00e5 igenom dessa \u00e4ndelser.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Funktion<\/th><th><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/th><th><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Icke-d\u00e5tid jakande<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Inte negativt f\u00f6rflutet<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u306a\u3044<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Tidigare affirmativ<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Negativt f\u00f6rflutet<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Polite affirmative<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Polite negative<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<h2>Personlig f\u00f6rm\u00e5ga och situationsm\u00f6jlighet<\/h2>\n\n<h3>F\u00f6rm\u00e5ga eller f\u00e4rdighet<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">Min syster kan simma hundra meter.<\/span><\/strong><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3044\u3082\u3046\u3068\u306f \u3072\u3083\u304f\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb \u304a\u3088\u3052\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Im\u014dto wa hyaku m\u0113toru oyogemasu.<\/em><br \/>Min syster kan simma hundra meter.<\/p>\n\n<p>Meningen beskriver en f\u00f6rm\u00e5ga hos personen. Samma resonemang f\u00f6rekommer i <span lang=\"ja\">\u6f22\u5b57\u304c\u8aad\u3081\u308b<\/span> (\u201ckunna l\u00e4sa kanji\u201d) och <span lang=\"ja\">\u8eca\u3092\u904b\u8ee2\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> (\u201ckunna k\u00f6ra bil\u201d).<\/p>\n\n<h3>Villkor, m\u00f6jlighet eller praktiskt tillst\u00e5nd<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">P\u00e5 detta bibliotek kan man anv\u00e4nda Wi-Fi gratis.<\/span><\/strong><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e \u3068\u3057\u3087\u304b\u3093\u3067\u306f \u3080\u308a\u3087\u3046\u3067 \u30ef\u30a4\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u304c \u3064\u304b\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono toshokan de wa mury\u014d de waifai ga tsukaemasu.<\/em><br \/>I detta bibliotek kan du anv\u00e4nda Wi-Fi gratis.<\/p>\n\n<p>En person kan eller kanske inte ha en speciell f\u00e4rdighet; huvudpo\u00e4ngen \u00e4r att platsen erbjuder denna m\u00f6jlighet. Det \u00e4r d\u00e4rf\u00f6r skyltar, guider och tj\u00e4nstebeskrivningar anv\u00e4nder b\u00e5de den potentiella formen och <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Ska jag anv\u00e4nda partikeln \u304c eller \u3092?<\/h2>\n\n<p>I transformationen som l\u00e4rs ut till nyb\u00f6rjare, objektet markerat med <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> brukar visas med <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> framf\u00f6r den potentiella formen:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Jag talar japanska.<br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Jag kan tala japanska.<\/p>\n\n<p>Detta \u00e4r ett neutralt och s\u00e4kert m\u00f6nster. Dock f\u00f6rekommer meningar med <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> \u00e4ven i samtida tal och skrift, s\u00e4rskilt n\u00e4r talaren h\u00e5ller handlingen och dess objekt i fokus. D\u00e4rf\u00f6r, <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> b\u00f6r inte automatiskt avf\u00e4rdas som fel.<\/p>\n\n<p>Till att b\u00f6rja med, anv\u00e4nd <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> i neutrala p\u00e5st\u00e5enden om f\u00f6rm\u00e5ga och l\u00e4r dig k\u00e4nna igen <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> i verkliga anv\u00e4ndningar. Guiden f\u00f6r <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/grundlaggande-partiklar-pa-japanska\/\">grundl\u00e4ggande partiklar p\u00e5 japanska<\/a> hj\u00e4lper till att granska den allm\u00e4nna funktionen av dessa markeringar i meningen.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Hur man skiljer potential och passiv r\u00f6st<\/h2>\n\n<p>I ichidan-verb och i <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b<\/span>, formen med <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> kan ocks\u00e5 ha passiv betydelse. Kontexten och partiklarna visar tolkningen.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u9b5a\u304c\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Watashi wa sakana ga taberaremasu.<\/em><br \/>Jag kan \u00e4ta fisk. <strong>(potential)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u9b5a\u306f\u732b\u306b\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Sakana wa neko ni taberaremashita.<\/em><br \/>Fisken \u00e5ts av katten. <strong>(passiv)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>I den f\u00f6rsta meningen \u00e4r, <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span> \u00e4r den som har f\u00f6rm\u00e5gan. I den andra, <span lang=\"ja\">\u9b5a<\/span> f\u00e5r handlingen och <span lang=\"ja\">\u732b\u306b<\/span> anger agenten. Att \u00f6vers\u00e4tta \u00e4ndelsen isolerat r\u00e4cker inte.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u898b\u308c\u308b och \u98df\u3079\u308c\u308b: vad \u00e4r \u3089\u629c\u304d?<\/h2>\n\n<p>I tal kommer du ocks\u00e5 att h\u00f6ra <span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u308c\u308b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308c\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308c\u308b<\/span>, former d\u00e4r <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089<\/span> av <span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> har utel\u00e4mnats. Detta fenomen kallas <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089\u629c\u304d\u8a00\u8449<\/span> (<em>ranuki kotoba<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n<p>Anv\u00e4ndningen \u00e4r verklig och utbredd, s\u00e4rskilt i talat spr\u00e5k, men acceptansen varierar beroende p\u00e5 region, generation och grad av formalitet. F\u00f6r att bygga en stabil grund och skriva i mer omsorgsfulla situationer, f\u00f6redra f\u00f6rst de fullst\u00e4ndiga formerna <span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>. N\u00e4r du h\u00f6r versionerna utan <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089<\/span>, k\u00e4nn igen dem som anv\u00e4ndningsvariationer, inte som en ny verbgrupp.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Potential form, \u305f\u3044-form och \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Form<\/th><th>Huvudfr\u00e5ga<\/th><th>Exempel<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Potential<\/td><td>\u00c4r det m\u00f6jligt? Kan personen?<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span> \u2014 Jag kan tala japanska.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>Vill personen g\u00f6ra det?<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3057\u305f\u3044<\/span> \u2014 Jag vill prata japanska.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/span><\/td><td>Ska vi g\u00f6ra det tillsammans?<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/span> \u2014 L\u00e5t oss prata japanska.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>F\u00f6rm\u00e5ga, \u00f6nskan och f\u00f6rslag \u00e4r olika avsikter. F\u00f6r att f\u00f6rdjupa kontrasten, se <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/japanska-verb-i-tai-form\/\">formen \u305f\u3044 hos verb<\/a> och <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/formular-mashou-dos-verbos-em-japones\/\">formen \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Vanliga misstag med potentialformen<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Att behandla potential som synonymt med formalitet:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span> \u00e4r enkel; <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span> \u00e4r artig.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Att s\u00e4ga att \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b alltid \u00e4r informellt:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span> \u00e4r en artig konstruktion och helt normal.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Att klassificera varje verb som slutar p\u00e5 \u3044\u308b eller \u3048\u308b som ichidan:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> \u00e4r godan och blir <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308c\u308b<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Att konjugera \u3059\u308b regelbundet:<\/strong> potentialformen \u00e4r <span lang=\"ja\">kan<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Att f\u00f6rbjuda \u3092 i vilken potentiell mening som helst:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> \u00e4r den neutrala pedagogiska standarden, men <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> f\u00f6rekommer ocks\u00e5 i verklig anv\u00e4ndning.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Att ignorera tvetydigheten hos \u3089\u308c\u308b:<\/strong> i ichidan-verb skiljer kontexten potential fr\u00e5n passiv.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Minidialog med f\u00f6rm\u00e5ga och m\u00f6jlighet<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Nihongo ga hanasemasu ka.<\/em><br \/>Kan du prata japanska?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u5c11\u3057\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u6f22\u5b57\u306f\u3042\u307e\u308a\u8aad\u3081\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Sukoshi hanasemasu. Demo, kanji wa amari yomemasen.<\/em><br \/>Jag kan prata lite. Men jag kan inte l\u00e4sa s\u00e5 m\u00e5nga kanji.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u3067\u6f22\u5b57\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3088\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono apuri de kanji o shiraberu koto ga dekimasu yo.<\/em><br \/>Det g\u00e5r att sl\u00e5 upp kanji med den h\u00e4r appen.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306a\u3089\u8aad\u3081\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>S\u014d desu ka. Kore nara yomes\u014d desu.<\/em><br \/>Jag f\u00f6rst\u00e5r. D\u00e5 verkar det som att jag kommer att kunna l\u00e4sa.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u00d6vningar i potentialform<\/h2>\n\n<p>Omvandla varje verb till enkel potentialform. Fyll sedan i meningarna.<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u304f<\/span> \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/span> \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b<\/span> \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u3059<\/span>: <span lang=\"ja\">Jag kan ______ lite japanska.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u308b<\/span>: <span lang=\"ja\">H\u00e4rifr\u00e5n kan man ______ havet.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details>\n<summary><strong>Visa svar<\/strong><\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u3051\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">kan<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n<h2>Sammanfattning och n\u00e4sta steg<\/h2>\n\n<p>I godan-verb, \u00e4ndra den sista moran fr\u00e5n U-kolumnen till E-kolumnen och l\u00e4gg till <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span>. I ichidan, ta bort <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span> och anv\u00e4nd <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>. Memorera ocks\u00e5 <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Efter bildandet, observera tre punkter: kontexten skiljer f\u00f6rm\u00e5ga fr\u00e5n m\u00f6jlighet; den enkla eller artiga \u00e4ndelsen definierar registret; och partiklarna hj\u00e4lper till att tolka deltagarnas funktion. F\u00f6r att koppla detta \u00e4mne till resten av spr\u00e5ket, se <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/grundlaggande-japansk-grammatik\/\">Grunderna i japansk grammatik<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Vanliga fr\u00e5gor om potentialform<\/h2>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-7cde76a66b534\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Vad anv\u00e4nds potentialformen till p\u00e5 japanska?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Den potentiella formen uttrycker att n\u00e5gon kan utf\u00f6ra en handling eller att handlingen \u00e4r m\u00f6jlig i en viss situation. Sammanhanget skiljer p\u00e5 f\u00f6rm\u00e5ga, m\u00f6jlighet och yttre f\u00f6ruts\u00e4ttning.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-491c126caf4ec\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Hur omvandlar man ett verb till potentialform?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>I godan-verb, flytta \u00e4ndelsen fr\u00e5n U-kolumnen till E-kolumnen och l\u00e4gg till \u308b. I ichidan, ta bort \u308b och anv\u00e4nd \u3089\u308c\u308b. De viktigaste oregelbundna verben \u00e4r \u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3067\u304d\u308b och \u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-83d3db996eabf\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Vad \u00e4r skillnaden mellan potentialform och \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>De tv\u00e5 konstruktionerna kan uttrycka f\u00f6rm\u00e5ga och m\u00f6jlighet. Den potentiella formen \u00e4r mer kompakt; \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b g\u00f6r handlingen explicit som en enhet. B\u00e5da kan vara enkla eller artiga.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-186353a7f04f6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Ska jag anv\u00e4nda \u304c eller \u3092 med potentialformen?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u304c \u00e4r det neutrala standardm\u00f6nstret som vanligtvis l\u00e4rs ut, som i \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059. Emellertid f\u00f6rekommer \u3092 ocks\u00e5 i samtida tal och skrift och b\u00f6r inte automatiskt betraktas som felaktigt.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-d3ea5ae5e4b7a\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u00c4r \u898b\u308c\u308b och \u98df\u3079\u308c\u308b korrekta?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Dessa former utan \u3089 \u00e4r vanliga i tal och representerar den variation som kallas \u3089\u629c\u304d. F\u00f6r en s\u00e4ker grund och i mer omsorgsfulla situationer, f\u00f6redra f\u00f6rst \u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b, \u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b och \u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Officiella k\u00e4llor som konsulterats<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary02\/pdf\/Z_L05.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori, lektion 5 i niv\u00e5 Elementary 2 \u2014 bildning och anv\u00e4ndning av potentialformen<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L05.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori, lektion 5 i niv\u00e5 Elementary 1 \u2014 konstruktion verb + \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/kotoba.ninjal.ac.jp\/qa\/yokuaru\/qa-51\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NINJAL \u2014 variation mellan \u304c och \u3092 med potentialverb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bunka.go.jp\/kokugo_nihongo\/sisaku\/joho\/joho\/kakuki\/20\/tosin03\/09.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japans kulturr\u00e5d \u2014 historia och variation av \u3089\u629c\u304d\u8a00\u8449<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/a2-2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/detail\/topic8-sec16-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marugoto \u2014 exempel p\u00e5 potentialform jakande och nekande<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u00e4r dig att bilda och anv\u00e4nda verb i potentiell form, skilja mellan f\u00f6rm\u00e5ga och m\u00f6jlighet, j\u00e4mf\u00f6ra \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b och f\u00f6rst\u00e5 partiklarna \u304c och \u3092.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":2134,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2132","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2132","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2132"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2132\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4430,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2132\/revisions\/4430"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2134"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2132"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2132"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2132"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}