{"id":1665,"date":"2009-11-03T04:43:39","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T06:43:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1665"},"modified":"2026-08-09T13:52:00","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:52:00","slug":"desu-japoncada-olmak-fiili","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/desu-o-verbo-ser-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Japonca'da desu (\u3067\u3059): anlam\u0131, kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve bi\u00e7imleri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u3067\u3059 (<em>desu<\/em>)<\/strong> \u00e9 uma forma educada usada no fim de muitas frases japonesas. Em portugu\u00eas, ela pode aparecer em tradu\u00e7\u00f5es como \u201c\u00e9\u201d, \u201cest\u00e1\u201d, \u201csou\u201d ou \u201cs\u00e3o\u201d, mas n\u00e3o funciona como um verbo \u201cser\u201d que possa ser colocado em qualquer frase. O papel de <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067 \u3059<\/span> depende do tipo de predicado que vem antes dele.<\/p>\n\n<p>A regra pr\u00e1tica \u00e9: use <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067 \u3059<\/span> principalmente depois de substantivos e adjetivos \u306a em frases educadas. Depois de adjetivos \u3044, ele acrescenta polidez, enquanto o pr\u00f3prio adjetivo expressa e flexiona o estado. Com verbos, a forma educada normalmente termina em <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span>, n\u00e3o em <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067 \u3059<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Japoncada desu ne anlama gelir?<\/h2>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067 \u3059<\/span> ajuda a formar um predicado educado. Compare tr\u00eas tipos de frase:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">Tanaka-san bir \u00f6\u011fretmendir.<\/span><br \/><em>Tanaka-san bir \u00f6\u011fretmendir.<\/em><br \/>Tanaka \u00e9 professor.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u753a\u306f\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono machi wa shizuka desu.<\/em><br \/>Esta cidade \u00e9 tranquila.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">Bug\u00fcn hava s\u0131cak.<\/span><br \/><em>Bug\u00fcn hava s\u0131cak.<\/em><br \/>Hoje est\u00e1 quente.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Na primeira frase, <span lang=\"ja\">\u5148\u751f<\/span> \u00e9 um substantivo. Na segunda, <span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b<\/span> \u00e9 um adjetivo \u306a. Na terceira, <span lang=\"ja\">\u6691\u3044<\/span> \u00e9 um adjetivo \u3044: ele j\u00e1 cont\u00e9m a ideia de \u201cestar quente\u201d, e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067 \u3059<\/span> deixa a frase educada.<\/p>\n\n<p>Essa diferen\u00e7a evita traduzir cada parte mecanicamente. Para entender como o predicado organiza a frase, consulte o guia sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/japonca-cumle-nasil-kurulur\/\">Japonca'da c\u00fcmleler nas\u0131l kurulur<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Desu n\u00e3o \u00e9 um verbo \u201cser\u201d universal<\/h2>\n\n<p>Chamar <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067 \u3059<\/span> de \u201cverbo ser\u201d pode ajudar em uma primeira tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, mas cria erros quando vira uma regra absoluta. Ele n\u00e3o substitui todos os usos de \u201cser\u201d e \u201cestar\u201d do portugu\u00eas, nem deve ser acrescentado depois de qualquer verbo japon\u00eas.<\/p>\n\n<p>Um verbo na forma educada usa normalmente <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Correto:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">Her g\u00fcn Japonca \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum.<\/span><br \/><em>Her g\u00fcn Japonca \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum.<\/em><br \/>Her g\u00fcn Japonca \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Yanl\u0131\u015f:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u6bce\u65e5\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca \u201cestar\u201d ile birebir bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k yoktur ve <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067 \u3059<\/span>. Varolu\u015f, konum, devam eden eylemler ve durum de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ba\u015fka yap\u0131lar kullan\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden, \u00f6nce isimler, s\u0131fatlar ve fiiller aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmekte fayda var: <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/temel-japonca-dilbilgisi\/\">yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in Japonca dilbilgisi<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u0130simler ve \u306a s\u0131fatlar\u0131yla kibarca formlar<\/h2>\n\n<p>Japonca temel olarak <strong>ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman olmayan<\/strong> e <strong>ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman<\/strong>. Ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman olmayan, \u015fimdiki zaman\u0131, al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 veya gelecekteki durumlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlayabilir; ba\u011flam uygun okumay\u0131 belirtir. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L04.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori dilbilgisi tablosu<\/a> bu kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sunar ve isimleri, s\u0131fatlar\u0131 ve fiilleri ay\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>De\u011fer<\/th><th>Kibarca form<\/th><th>\u0130simle \u00f6rnek<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f de\u011fil olumlu<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067 \u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u4f11\u307f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>Bug\u00fcn izin g\u00fcn\u00fc.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman olmayan olumsuz<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u4f11\u307f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>Bug\u00fcn izin g\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fil.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f olumlu<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6628\u65e5\u306f\u4f11\u307f\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><br \/>D\u00fcn izin g\u00fcn\u00fcyd\u00fc.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Negatif ge\u00e7mi\u015f<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/span><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6628\u65e5\u306f\u4f11\u307f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>Ontem n\u00e3o foi folga.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083<\/span> konu\u015fma dilinde yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u306f<\/span> yaz\u0131da ve resmi ba\u011flamlarda daha \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu, onu <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044<\/span> \u201ckullan\u0131m d\u0131\u015f\u0131\u201d yapmaz: se\u00e7im, kay\u0131t ve yap\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Irodori'nin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 materyali <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/starter\/pdf\/X_L03.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">olumsuz bi\u00e7imleri <span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/a> do\u011frulamakta ve yaz\u0131da <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u306f<\/span> tercihini a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<h2>desu ve da aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/h2>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067 \u3059<\/span> kibar \u00fcsluba aittir; <span lang=\"ja\">\u3060<\/span> basit \u00fcsluba aittir. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3060<\/span> sadece <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067 \u3059<\/span>. k\u0131sa bir telaffuzu de\u011fildir. De\u011fi\u015fim, c\u00fcmlenin kayd\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir ve durumla ve ifadenin geri kalan\u0131yla uyumlu olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>De\u011fer<\/th><th>Kibar \u00fcslup<\/th><th>Basit \u00fcslup<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f de\u011fil olumlu<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3060<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman olmayan olumsuz<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f olumlu<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3060\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Negatif ge\u00e7mi\u015f<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Gayri resmi konu\u015fmalarda, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3060<\/span> eki belirli c\u00fcmlelerde, \u00f6zellikle k\u0131sa sorularda atlanabilir: <span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\uff1f<\/span> (\u201c\u00d6\u011frenci misin?\u201d). Bu, her ba\u011flamda <span lang=\"ja\">\u3060<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067 \u3059<\/span> birbirlerinin yerine kullan\u0131labilir olduklar\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japan Foundation'\u0131n basit bi\u00e7imler tablosu<\/a> kaydeder <span lang=\"ja\">\u3060\uff0f\u3060\u3063\u305f\uff0f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\uff0f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span> isimler ve \u306a s\u0131fatlar i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n\n<h2>desu, \u3044 s\u0131fatlar\u0131yla nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u3044 s\u0131fatlar\u0131 kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na \u00e7ekimlenir. Basit\u00e7e d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeyin <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067 \u3059<\/span> at <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span>. De\u011fi\u015fiklik s\u0131fat\u0131n kendisinde olur:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>De\u011fer<\/th><th>Bi\u00e7im<\/th><th>\u00c7eviri<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f de\u011fil olumlu<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span><br \/><em>takai desu<\/em><\/td><td>Pahal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman olmayan olumsuz<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span><br \/><em>takakunai desu<\/em><\/td><td>Pahal\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f olumlu<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/span><br \/><em>takakatta desu<\/em><\/td><td>Pahal\u0131yd\u0131.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Negatif ge\u00e7mi\u015f<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/span><br \/><em>takakunakatta desu<\/em><\/td><td>Pahal\u0131 de\u011fildi.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, <span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span> yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7ekimi derinle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bkz. <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/japoncada-sifatlar-nasil-kullanilir\/\">Japonca'da s\u0131fatlar\u0131n nas\u0131l kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>desu nas\u0131l telaffuz edilir?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Okunu\u015fu <em>desu<\/em>. Bir\u00e7ok varyantta ve konu\u015fma durumunda, son <em>u<\/em> \u00fcnl\u00fc zay\u0131flar veya seslendirilmez, bu da kelimenin \u201cdes\u201d gibi duyulmas\u0131na neden olur. Bu, sesi t\u00fcm durumlarda zorla silme yetkisi vermez. B\u00f6lge, ya\u015f, h\u0131z, vurgu ve resmiyet derecesi telaffuzu de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. <a href=\"https:\/\/kotoba.ninjal.ac.jp\/qa\/yokuaru\/qa-215\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NINJAL, telaffuz varyasyonunu \u015furada a\u00e7\u0131klar: <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059\u30fb\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/a> ve b\u00f6lgesel ve ku\u015fak farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemler.<\/p>\n\n<h2>desu i\u00e7eren bir c\u00fcmle nas\u0131l soruya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kibar \u00fcslupta, sonuna <span lang=\"ja\">\u304b<\/span> ekleyin:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">Tanaka-san \u00f6\u011fretmen mi?<\/span><br \/><em>Tanaka-san \u00f6\u011fretmen mi?.<\/em><br \/>Tanaka \u00f6\u011fretmen mi?<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u753a\u306f\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono machi wa shizuka desu ka.<\/em><br \/>Bu \u015fehir sakin mi?<\/p>\n\n<p>Gayriresmi konu\u015fmada, tonlama ve di\u011fer ekler soru olu\u015fturabilir <span lang=\"ja\">\u304b<\/span>. K\u0131lavuz <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/japonca-nasil-soru-sorulur\/\">Japonca soru nas\u0131l sorulur<\/a> kibar ve gayriresmi sorular aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\n\n<h2>desu ile yayg\u0131n hatalar<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>S\u00f6zl\u00fck formundaki bir fiilden sonra kullanmak:<\/strong> tercih edin <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span> kibar \u00fcslupta, <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304f\u3067\u3059<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bir \u3044 s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman\u0131n\u0131 yapmak <span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span>:<\/strong> do\u011fru bi\u00e7im <span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>olarak ele almak <span lang=\"ja\">\u3060<\/span> kibar k\u0131saltma:<\/strong> o basit \u00fcsluba aittir ve baz\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde fazla do\u011frudan gelebilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>iddia etmek <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044<\/span> kullan\u0131lmaz:<\/strong> bi\u00e7im ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korur; <span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/span> sadece daha konu\u015fma diline \u00f6zg\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Her zaman \u201cdes\u201d olarak telaffuz etmek:<\/strong> azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 <em>u<\/em> de\u011fi\u015fir; \u00f6nce ritmi koruyun ve farkl\u0131 ba\u011flamlarda konu\u015fmac\u0131lar\u0131 dinleyin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>desu ile k\u0131sa diyalog<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">Tanaka-san \u00f6\u011fretmen mi?<\/span><br \/><em>Tanaka-san \u00f6\u011fretmen mi?.<\/em><br \/>Tanaka \u00f6\u011fretmen mi?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3044\u3044\u3048\u3001\u5148\u751f\u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u4f1a\u793e\u54e1\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Iie, sensei ja arimasen. Kaishain desu.<\/em><br \/>Hay\u0131r, \u00f6\u011fretmen de\u011fil. Bir \u015firket \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u6628\u65e5\u3082\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kin\u014d mo shigoto deshita ka.<\/em><br \/>D\u00fcn de i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc m\u00fcyd\u00fc?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3044\u3044\u3048\u3001\u4f11\u307f\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Iie, yasumi deshita.<\/em><br \/>Hay\u0131r, izin g\u00fcn\u00fcyd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma: do\u011fru bi\u00e7imi se\u00e7in<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u201cD\u00fcn sakindi\u201d: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6628\u65e5\u306f\u9759\u304b\uff08\u3067\u3059\uff0f\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u201cBug\u00fcn tatil de\u011fil\u201d: <span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u795d\u65e5\uff08\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\uff0f\u3060\u3063\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u201cPahal\u0131yd\u0131\u201d: <span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0f\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u201cJaponya'ya gidiyorum\u201d kibarca: <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304f\u3067\u3059\uff0f\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p><strong>Cevaplar:<\/strong> 1) <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span>, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc c\u00fcmle ge\u00e7mi\u015f zamanda; 2) <span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span>, ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmayan kibarca olumsuz; 3) <span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/span>, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u3044 s\u0131fat\u0131 \u00e7ekim al\u0131r; 4) <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span>, porque verbos usam normalmente <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span> no estilo educado.<\/p>\n\n<h2>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-327455de07c61\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Japoncada desu ne anlama gelir?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3067\u3059 (desu), bir c\u00fcmleyi kibar olarak i\u015faretler ve isimler ve s\u0131fatlarla y\u00fcklemler olu\u015fturmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. \u00c7evirisi \u201cdir\u201d, \u201cd\u0131r\u201d, \u201cim\u201d veya \u201cdirler\u201d olabilir, ancak kesin anlam ba\u011flama ve \u00f6ncesinde gelen \u00f6\u011feye ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-6eaab8f05fa53\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Desu, Japoncada 'olmak' fiili midir?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Evrensel olarak de\u011fil. Bu \u00e7eviri basit c\u00fcmlelerde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir, ancak \u3067\u3059, \u201cser\u201d ve \u201cestar\u201d\u0131n t\u00fcm kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaz. Japonca fiiller genellikle kibar \u00fcslupta \u307e\u3059 kullan\u0131rken, isimler ve s\u0131fatlar kendi kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 izler.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-78c00be5160ac\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">desu ve da aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3067\u3059 kibar \u00fcsluba aittir; \u3060 ise sade \u00fcsluba aittir. \u0130simlerden ve \u306a s\u0131fatlar\u0131ndan sonra kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen i\u015flevleri \u00fcstlenebilirler, ancak se\u00e7im, kay\u0131t ve muhatap ile ili\u015fkiyi de\u011fi\u015ftirir. \u3060, yaln\u0131zca \u3067\u3059'un k\u0131saltmas\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-4ba13b3d77d08\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Desu'yu ge\u00e7mi\u015f zamana ve olumsuz hale nas\u0131l getiririm?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u306a s\u0131fatlar\u0131 ve isimler i\u00e7in ge\u00e7mi\u015f olumlu zamanda \u3067\u3057\u305f kullan\u0131n. Olumsuzlamak i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n bi\u00e7imler \u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059, \u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093 ve \u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093 i\u00e7erir; ge\u00e7mi\u015f olumsuz zamanda \u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059, \u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f veya \u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-7eb9c5d674bd2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Desu'yu herhangi bir fiilden sonra kullanabilir miyim?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Hay\u0131r. Kibar bir fiil normalde \u307e\u3059 ile biter: \u00f6rne\u011fin \u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059. \u884c\u304f\u3067\u3059 yap\u0131s\u0131 standart Japoncada yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u3067\u3059, zaten y\u00fcklem i\u015flevi g\u00f6ren baz\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerden sonra gelebilir, ancak fiil \u00e7ekiminin yerini tutmaz.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Pr\u00f3ximo passo: reconhe\u00e7a o tipo de predicado<\/h2>\n\n<p>Antes de escolher <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067 \u3059<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3060<\/span> veya <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span>, identifique se o n\u00facleo da frase \u00e9 um substantivo, um adjetivo \u306a, um adjetivo \u3044 ou um verbo. Essa decis\u00e3o simples evita a maior parte dos erros e conecta este tema \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/japonca-kelime-sirasi\/\">Japonca kelime s\u0131ras\u0131<\/a> temellerine ve <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/japoncada-temel-parcaciklar\/\">part\u00edculas que marcam a fun\u00e7\u00e3o dos grupos<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Japonca'da desu (\u3067\u3059) ne anlama gelir, bu kibar bi\u00e7imin ne zaman kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Japonca c\u00fcmlelerde isimleri, s\u0131fatlar\u0131 ve fiilleri nas\u0131l ay\u0131rt edece\u011finizi anlay\u0131n.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1667,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73,60],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1665","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1665","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1665"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1665\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4403,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1665\/revisions\/4403"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1667"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1665"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1665"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1665"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}