{"id":1680,"date":"2009-11-03T04:51:12","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T06:51:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1680"},"modified":"2026-08-21T20:38:21","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T23:38:21","slug":"japoncada-zamir-gostergeleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/pronomes-demonstrativos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Japonca kosoado sistemi: g\u00f6sterim s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri rehberi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>O <strong>Japonca kosoado sistemi<\/strong> d\u00f6rt seride i\u015faret zamirlerini ve soru kelimelerini d\u00fczenler: <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053<\/span> konu\u015fmac\u0131n\u0131n alan\u0131 i\u00e7in, <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d<\/span> dinleyicinin alan\u0131 veya geri al\u0131nan bir referans i\u00e7in, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042<\/span> uzak bir \u015fey i\u00e7in ve <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069<\/span> sorular i\u00e7in. Bu mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlad\u0131ktan sonra, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3061\u3089<\/span> ve ayn\u0131 aileden di\u011fer kelimeler aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im yapmak daha kolay hale gelir.<\/p>\n\n<p>Bir\u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131klama t\u00fcm gruba \u201ci\u015faret zamirleri\u201d dese de, kelimeler ayn\u0131 i\u015fleve sahip de\u011fildir. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c<\/span> tek ba\u015f\u0131na bir \u015feyin yerini alabilir; <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e<\/span> bir isimden \u00f6nce gelmesi gerekir; <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053<\/span> bir yeri i\u015faret eder. Bu k\u0131lavuz, farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 tablolar, \u00f6rnekler, diyalog ve al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalarla g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Kosoado sisteminin \u00f6zeti<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>\u0130\u015flev<\/th><th>\u3053 serisi<\/th><th>\u305d serisi<\/th><th>\u3042 serisi<\/th><th>\u3069 serisi<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\u015eeyler<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c<\/span><br \/><em>kore<\/em><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u308c<\/span><br \/><em>\u00f6\u011fleden sonra<\/em><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u308c<\/span><br \/><em>are<\/em><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u308c<\/span><br \/><em>dore<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u0130simden \u00f6nce<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e<\/span><br \/><em>kono<\/em><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u306e<\/span><br \/><em>sono<\/em><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u306e<\/span><br \/><em>ano<\/em><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u306e<\/span><br \/><em>sahibi<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Yerler<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053<\/span><br \/><em>koko<\/em><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u3053<\/span><br \/><em>soko<\/em><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u305d\u3053<\/span><br \/><em>asoko<\/em><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u3053<\/span><br \/><em>doko<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Nezaketli y\u00f6n veya bi\u00e7im<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3061\u3089<\/span><br \/><em>kochira<\/em><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u3061\u3089<\/span><br \/><em>sochira<\/em><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3061\u3089<\/span><br \/><em>achira<\/em><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u3061\u3089<\/span><br \/><em>dochira<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>T\u00fcr veya \u00f6zellik<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3093\u306a<\/span><br \/><em>konna<\/em><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u3093\u306a<\/span><br \/><em>sonna<\/em><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3093\u306a<\/span><br \/><em>ANNA<\/em><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u3093\u306a<\/span><br \/><em>donna<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>O <a href=\"https:\/\/a1.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/appendix_03.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marugoto'nun, Japan Foundation'\u0131n g\u00f6sterim tablosu<\/a>, \u015feyler, yerler, y\u00f6n ve isim de\u011fi\u015ftirme ailelerini bir araya getirir. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp\/mt\/ja\/gmod\/courses\/c01\/lesson04\/step4\/card\/014.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tokyo University of Foreign Studies ayr\u0131ca \u3053\u308c, \u3053\u3053, \u3053\u306e ve serileri aras\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sunar<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Bu kelimeler ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 seviyesinden itibaren ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve temel yap\u0131larla birle\u015fir <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/temel-japonca-dilbilgisi\/\">Japonca dilbilgisi<\/a>. \u00d6rnekleri tam c\u00fcmleler olarak okumak i\u00e7in, <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/japoncada-temel-parcaciklar\/\">\u306f, \u304c, \u3092, \u306b ve \u3067 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n rol\u00fcn\u00fc tan\u0131mak da yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u3053, \u305d, \u3042 ve \u3069 aras\u0131nda nas\u0131l se\u00e7im yap\u0131l\u0131r<\/h2>\n\n<p>Se\u00e7im yaln\u0131zca \u201cbu\u201d, \u201c\u015fu\u201d veya \u201co\u201d gibi sabit bir \u00e7eviriye ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Referans\u0131n, konu\u015fmac\u0131n\u0131n ve dinleyicinin ili\u015fkisine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u3053 serisi:<\/strong> konu\u015fmac\u0131n\u0131n alan\u0131ndaki veya ona yak\u0131n alg\u0131lanan bir \u015feyi i\u015faret eder.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u305d serisi:<\/strong> dinleyicinin alan\u0131ndaki bir \u015feyi i\u015faret eder. Konu\u015fmada, muhatab\u0131n az \u00f6nce bahsetti\u011fi bir bilgiyi de geri alabilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3042 serisi:<\/strong> ikisinden de uzak bir \u015feyi i\u015faret eder. Haf\u0131za kullan\u0131mlar\u0131nda, konu\u015fmac\u0131 ve dinleyicinin payla\u015f\u0131lan olarak tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u015feye at\u0131fta bulunabilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u00e9rie \u3069:<\/strong> pergunta qual coisa, lugar, dire\u00e7\u00e3o, pessoa ou tipo est\u00e1 em quest\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Quando falante e ouvinte est\u00e3o lado a lado, a s\u00e9rie <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053<\/span> cobre o que est\u00e1 perto dos dois, <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d<\/span> pode indicar uma zona intermedi\u00e1ria e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042<\/span> aponta a zona distante. Quando est\u00e3o frente a frente, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053<\/span> tende a marcar o lado do falante, <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d<\/span> o lado do ouvinte e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042<\/span> o que est\u00e1 longe de ambos. Essa distin\u00e7\u00e3o espacial \u00e9 explicada no <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp\/mt\/ja\/gmod\/contents\/explanation\/011.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">m\u00f3dulo oficial da TUFS sobre \u3053\u308c, \u305d\u308c e \u3042\u308c<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u3053\u308c, \u305d\u308c, \u3042\u308c e \u3069\u308c: demonstrar coisas<\/h2>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u308c<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u308c<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u308c<\/span> apontam coisas sem precisar repetir o substantivo. Por isso, podem aparecer diretamente com uma part\u00edcula ou com <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067 \u3059<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kore wa nan desu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nBu da ne?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u308c\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u8f9e\u66f8\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Sore wa nihongo no jisho desu.<\/em><br \/>\nIsso \u00e9 um dicion\u00e1rio de japon\u00eas.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u308c\u306f\u99c5\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Are wa eki desu.<\/em><br \/>\nAquilo \u00e9 a esta\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u306e\u5098\u306f\u3069\u308c\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Tanaka-san no kasa wa dore desu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nQual \u00e9 o guarda-chuva de Tanaka?<\/p>\n\n<p>Em perguntas com <span lang=\"ja\">\u4f55<\/span>, a leitura muda conforme o que vem depois. O guia sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/ne-zaman-kullanildi-nan-veya-nani\/\">quando usar <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3093<\/span> veya <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u306b<\/span><\/a> explica por que <span lang=\"ja\">\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/span> okunur <em>nan desu ka<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Bu \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcn\u00fcn uzamsal kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zellikle pratik yapmak istiyorsan\u0131z, k\u0131sa derse de bak\u0131n: <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/kore-agrilari-%e3%81%93%e3%82%8c-%e3%81%9d%e3%82%8c-%e3%81%82%e3%82%8c\/\"><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u30fb\u305d\u308c\u30fb\u3042\u308c<\/span><\/a>. Burada ama\u00e7, t\u00fcm sistemi anlamak ve farkl\u0131 i\u015flevlere sahip aileleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u3053\u306e, \u305d\u306e, \u3042\u306e ve \u3069\u306e: bir ismi i\u015faret etmek<\/h2>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u306e<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u306e<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u306e<\/span> ismin yerine ge\u00e7mezler: hemen ondan \u00f6nce gelirler. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp\/mt\/ja\/gmod\/contents\/explanation\/013.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TUFS, yap\u0131y\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131r: <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306eN\uff0f\u305d\u306eN\uff0f\u3042\u306eN<\/span><\/a>, burada <span lang=\"ja\">N<\/span> belirtilen ad\u0131 temsil eder.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">Bu kitap ilgin\u00e7.<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Bu kitap ilgin\u00e7.<\/em><br \/>\nBu kitap ilgin\u00e7.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u306e\u304b\u3070\u3093\u306f\u79c1\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Sono kaban wa watashi no desu.<\/em><br \/>\nBu \u00e7anta benim.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u306e\u4eba\u306f\u5c71\u7530\u5148\u751f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Ano hito wa Yamada-sensei desu.<\/em><br \/>\nO ki\u015fi Yamada hocad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u306e\u96fb\u8eca\u304c\u6771\u4eac\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Dono densha ga T\u014dky\u014d e ikimasu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nHangi tren Tokyo'ya gidiyor?<\/p>\n\n<p>Temel fark s\u00f6zdizimseldir:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Bi\u00e7im<\/th><th>Do\u011fru<\/th><th>Yanl\u0131\u015f<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\u015eeyin yerine ge\u00e7er<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u672c\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u306f\u672c\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u0130simden \u00f6nce gelir<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u672c\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>\u0130nsanlar i\u00e7in, isim i\u00e7eren bir ifadeyi tercih edin, \u00f6rne\u011fin <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u4eba<\/span> (\u201cbu ki\u015fi\u201d) veya sayg\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7im <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u65b9<\/span>. Bir ki\u015fiyi i\u015faret etmek i\u00e7in <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c<\/span> kullanmak genellikle uygunsuzdur.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads10-->\n\n<h2>\u3053\u3053, \u305d\u3053, \u3042\u305d\u3053 ve \u3069\u3053: yerleri g\u00f6sterme<\/h2>\n\n<p>Aile <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053\u30fb\u305d\u3053\u30fb\u3042\u305d\u3053\u30fb\u3069\u3053<\/span> yerleri g\u00f6sterir. Di\u011fer serilerle ayn\u0131 uzamsal b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeyi izler.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3001\u30c8\u30a4\u30ec\u306f\u3069\u3053\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Sumimasen, toire wa doko desu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nAffedersiniz, tuvalet nerede?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u30c8\u30a4\u30ec\u306f\u3042\u305d\u3053\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Toire wa asoko desu.<\/em><br \/>\nTuvalet orada.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053\u306b\u5ea7\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Koko ni suwatte mo ii desu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nBuraya oturabilir miyim?<\/p>\n\n<p>Dikkat edin <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053<\/span> konusu olabilir <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053\u306f\u6559\u5ba4\u3067\u3059<\/span> (\u201cburas\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u201d) veya konum par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alabilir <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/span> (\u201cest\u00e1 aqui\u201d). Isso mostra por que \u00e9 melhor compreender a fun\u00e7\u00e3o das part\u00edculas do que decorar uma tradu\u00e7\u00e3o isolada.<\/p>\n\n<p>Para mais exemplos s\u00f3 com lugares, consulte a li\u00e7\u00e3o sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/koko-soko-asoko\/\"><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053\u30fb\u305d\u3053\u30fb\u3042\u305d\u3053<\/span><\/a>. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp\/mt\/ja\/gmod\/courses\/c02\/lesson07\/step2\/explanation\/012.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">explica\u00e7\u00e3o da TUFS sobre essa fam\u00edlia<\/a> confirma a divis\u00e3o entre a \u00e1rea do falante, a do ouvinte e a regi\u00e3o distante dos dois.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u3053\u3061\u3089, \u305d\u3061\u3089, \u3042\u3061\u3089 e \u3069\u3061\u3089: dire\u00e7\u00e3o e cortesia<\/h2>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3061\u3089<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u3061\u3089<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3061\u3089<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u3061\u3089<\/span> podem indicar dire\u00e7\u00e3o ou lado. Em atendimento e outras situa\u00e7\u00f5es polidas, tamb\u00e9m servem como formas mais corteses para \u201caqui\u201d, \u201ca\u00ed\u201d, \u201cl\u00e1\u201d e \u201conde\u201d. Dependendo do contexto, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u3061\u3089<\/span> ainda pode perguntar \u201cqual dos dois\u201d ou, com respeito, \u201cquem\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u53d7\u4ed8\u306f\u3053\u3061\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Uketsuke wa kochira desu.<\/em><br \/>\nA recep\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 por aqui.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u30a8\u30ec\u30d9\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u306f\u3042\u3061\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Ereb\u0113t\u0101 wa achira desu.<\/em><br \/>\nO elevador fica por ali.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3054\u51fa\u8eab\u306f\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Goshusshin wa dochira desu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nDe onde voc\u00ea \u00e9?<\/p>\n\n<p>N\u00e3o traduza <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u3061\u3089<\/span> sempre da mesma maneira. Em <span lang=\"ja\">\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u3068\u304a\u8336\u3068\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/span>, a pergunta \u00e9 \u201cqual dos dois voc\u00ea prefere?\u201d. Em <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3055\u307e\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/span>, pergunta-se respeitosamente quem \u00e9 a pessoa.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u3053\u3093\u306a, \u305d\u3093\u306a, \u3042\u3093\u306a e \u3069\u3093\u306a: tipo ou caracter\u00edstica<\/h2>\n\n<p>Bu aile, \u201cbu t\u00fcr bir \u015fey\u201d, \u201cbu t\u00fcrden\u201d, \u201co t\u00fcrden\u201d anlamlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlar veya \u201cne t\u00fcr\u201d diye sorar. Genellikle bir isimden \u00f6nce gelir ve yaln\u0131zca fiziksel mesafeye de\u011fil, \u00f6zelliklere, y\u00f6nteme veya s\u0131n\u0131fa at\u0131fta bulunur.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3093\u306a\u672c\u3092\u63a2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Konna hon o sagashite imasu.<\/em><br \/>\nBu t\u00fcr bir kitap ar\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u3093\u306a\u3053\u3068\u306f\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Sonna koto wa itte imasen.<\/em><br \/>\nB\u00f6yle bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylemedim.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3093\u306a\u5e97\u306b\u306f\u884c\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Anna mise ni wa ikimasen.<\/em><br \/>\nO t\u00fcr bir d\u00fckk\u00e2na gitmem.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u3093\u306a\u97f3\u697d\u304c\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Donna ongaku ga suki desu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nNe t\u00fcr m\u00fczik seversin?<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u306e<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u3093\u306a<\/span> farkl\u0131 sorular sorarlar. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u306e\u672c<\/span> hangi kitap oldu\u011funu se\u00e7enekler aras\u0131ndan belirlemenizi ister; <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u3093\u306a\u672c<\/span> kitab\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc veya \u00f6zelliklerini sorar.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Bir konu\u015fmada \u305d\u308c ve \u3042\u306e kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\n\n<p>Seriler ayr\u0131ca s\u00f6ylem i\u00e7indeki referanslar\u0131 d\u00fczenler. Muhatap bir bilgi sundu\u011funda, <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u308c<\/span> veya <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u306e<\/span> s\u0131kl\u0131kla onu tekrar ele al\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u9031\u3001\u8a66\u9a13\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Raish\u016b, shiken ga arimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nGelecek hafta bir s\u0131nav olacak.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5927\u5909\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Sore wa taihen desu ne.<\/em><br \/>\nIsso \u00e9 complicado, n\u00e3o \u00e9?<\/p>\n\n<p>Quando os dois reconhecem uma lembran\u00e7a ou refer\u00eancia compartilhada, a s\u00e9rie <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042<\/span> pode soar natural:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u306e\u5e97\u3092\u899a\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Ano mise o oboete imasu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nVoc\u00ea se lembra daquela loja?<\/p>\n\n<p>Esses usos dependem do que falante e ouvinte consideram acess\u00edvel na conversa. Para iniciantes, a regra espacial \u00e9 o primeiro passo; depois, observe como o contexto cria proximidade informacional.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Di\u00e1logo em uma loja<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Cliente:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6642\u8a08\u306f\u3044\u304f\u3089\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Sumimasen, kono tokei wa ikura desu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nCom licen\u00e7a, quanto custa este rel\u00f3gio?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Atendente:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u308c\u306f\u4e09\u5343\u5186\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Sore wa sanzen-en desu.<\/em><br \/>\nEsse custa 3.000 ienes.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Cliente:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u306e\u9ed2\u3044\u6642\u8a08\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Ano kuroi tokei wa d\u014d desu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nE aquele rel\u00f3gio preto?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Atendente:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u308c\u306f\u4e94\u5343\u5186\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Are wa gosen-en desu.<\/em><br \/>\nAquele custa 5.000 ienes.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Cliente:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u4eba\u6c17\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Dochira ga ninki desu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nQual dos dois \u00e9 mais popular?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Atendente:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3061\u3089\u306e\u6642\u8a08\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Kochira no tokei desu.<\/em><br \/>\n\u00c9 este rel\u00f3gio aqui.<\/p>\n\n<p>O di\u00e1logo alterna uma forma que acompanha o nome (<span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u6642\u8a08<\/span>) e outra que o substitui (<span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u308c<\/span>). Essa altern\u00e2ncia \u00e9 comum porque evita repetir o mesmo substantivo. O guia sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/japonca-cumle-nasil-kurulur\/\">Japonca'da c\u00fcmleler nas\u0131l kurulur<\/a> ajuda a analisar a ordem e os elementos omitidos pelo contexto.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Erros comuns com os demonstrativos<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Koymak <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c<\/span> antes de um nome:<\/strong> deyin <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u672c<\/span>, de\u011fil <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u672c<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kullan\u0131m <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e<\/span> sozinho:<\/strong> se n\u00e3o houver substantivo, use <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c<\/span> ou recupere o nome pelo contexto com outra estrutura.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Traduzir apenas por isto, isso e aquilo:<\/strong> considere a posi\u00e7\u00e3o do falante, do ouvinte e a refer\u00eancia na conversa.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Confundir <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u308c<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u306e<\/span>:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u308c<\/span> aparece sozinho; <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u306e<\/span> exige um substantivo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Confundir <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u306e<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u3093\u306a<\/span>:<\/strong> o primeiro identifica uma op\u00e7\u00e3o; o segundo pergunta o tipo ou a caracter\u00edstica.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kullan\u0131m <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c<\/span> para pessoas:<\/strong> tercih edin <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u4eba<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u306e\u4eba<\/span> ou formas corteses com <span lang=\"ja\">\u65b9<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>olarak ele almak <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3061\u3089<\/span> apenas como \u201caqui\u201d:<\/strong> ela pode indicar dire\u00e7\u00e3o, pessoa, lado ou uma de duas op\u00e7\u00f5es, conforme o contexto.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Exerc\u00edcio<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li>Voc\u00ea segura um livro. Complete: <span lang=\"ja\">\uff08\u3000\uff09\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u672c\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>O livro est\u00e1 perto do ouvinte. Complete: <span lang=\"ja\">\uff08\u3000\uff09\u672c\u306f\u3060\u308c\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Pergunte \u201cQual \u00e9 o seu guarda-chuva?\u201d sem repetir o substantivo na resposta esperada.<\/li>\n<li>Pergunte onde fica a esta\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<li>Complete com a palavra que pergunta o tipo: <span lang=\"ja\">\uff08\u3000\uff09\u6620\u753b\u304c\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Corrija a frase: <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u304b\u3070\u3093\u306f\u79c1\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p><strong>Cevaplar:<\/strong> 1. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c<\/span>; 2. <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u306e<\/span>; 3. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306e\u5098\u306f\u3069\u308c\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/span>; 4. <span lang=\"ja\">\u99c5\u306f\u3069\u3053\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/span>; 5. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u3093\u306a<\/span>; 6. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u304b\u3070\u3093\u306f\u79c1\u306e\u3067\u3059<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Resumo<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053<\/span> se relaciona ao campo do falante; <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d<\/span>, ao do ouvinte ou a uma retomada; <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042<\/span>, ao que est\u00e1 distante ou compartilhado na mem\u00f3ria; <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069<\/span> forma perguntas.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u30fb\u305d\u308c\u30fb\u3042\u308c\u30fb\u3069\u308c<\/span> apontam coisas e podem aparecer sem substantivo.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u30fb\u305d\u306e\u30fb\u3042\u306e\u30fb\u3069\u306e<\/span> precisam vir antes de um substantivo.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053\u30fb\u305d\u3053\u30fb\u3042\u305d\u3053\u30fb\u3069\u3053<\/span> apontam lugares.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3061\u3089\u30fb\u305d\u3061\u3089\u30fb\u3042\u3061\u3089\u30fb\u3069\u3061\u3089<\/span> indicam dire\u00e7\u00e3o, lado e formas corteses.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3093\u306a\u30fb\u305d\u3093\u306a\u30fb\u3042\u3093\u306a\u30fb\u3069\u3093\u306a<\/span> descrevem ou perguntam tipo e caracter\u00edstica.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Em vez de memorizar cinco listas separadas, use duas perguntas: \u201cqual \u00e9 a fun\u00e7\u00e3o desta palavra?\u201d e \u201cde qual campo ou refer\u00eancia estou falando?\u201d. Depois, aplique a resposta \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/japonca-kelime-sirasi\/\">Japonca kelime s\u0131ras\u0131<\/a> e \u00e0s part\u00edculas exigidas pela frase.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-5707ee28724f8\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Japonca'da kosoado sistemi nedir?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Bu, \u3053, \u305d, \u3042 ve \u3069 serileriyle d\u00fczenlenen i\u015faret ve soru zamirleri k\u00fcmesidir. Bunlar, referans\u0131n konu\u015fmac\u0131yla, dinleyiciyle, mesafeyle ve soruyla ili\u015fkisini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-82212807ae2b8\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u3053\u308c ve \u3053\u306e aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3053\u308c, bir \u015feyin yerine ge\u00e7er ve isim olmadan g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir, \u00f6rne\u011fin \u3053\u308c\u306f\u672c\u3067\u3059. \u3053\u306e, bir isimden \u00f6nce gelir, \u00f6rne\u011fin \u3053\u306e\u672c\u3067\u3059.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-2e464e1b5dbfb\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u305d\u308c ve \u3042\u308c aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u305d\u308c, dinleyicinin alan\u0131ndaki bir \u015feye i\u015faret eder veya onun taraf\u0131ndan sunulan bir referans\u0131 geri al\u0131r. \u3042\u308c, konu\u015fmac\u0131 ve dinleyiciden uzak bir \u015feye i\u015faret eder ve ayr\u0131ca payla\u015f\u0131lan bir referansa at\u0131fta bulunabilir.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-8eb6417e96787\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u3069\u308c ile \u3069\u306e aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3069\u308c \u2018hangi\u2019 anlam\u0131na gelir ve isim olmadan kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u3069\u306e da \u2018hangi\u2019 diye sorar, ancak \u3069\u306e\u672c, \u2018hangi kitap\u2019 gibi bir isimden \u00f6nce gelmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-8d5a831235a7e\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u3053\u3053, \u305d\u3053, \u3042\u305d\u3053 ve \u3069\u3053 nas\u0131l kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Konu\u015fmac\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yer i\u00e7in \u3053\u3053, dinleyicinin bulundu\u011fu yer i\u00e7in \u305d\u3053, ikisinden de uzak bir yer i\u00e7in \u3042\u305d\u3053 ve nerede diye sormak i\u00e7in \u3069\u3053 kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-d0e23b0307f1d\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u3053\u3061\u3089, \u305d\u3061\u3089, \u3042\u3061\u3089 ve \u3069\u3061\u3089 ne anlama geliyor?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Y\u00f6n veya taraf belirtebilirler ve burada, orada, \u015furada ve nerede kelimelerinin kibar bi\u00e7imleri olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6r\u00fcrler. Ba\u011flama g\u00f6re, \u3069\u3061\u3089 ayr\u0131ca ikisinden hangisi veya kim diye sorar.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-075afa9574627\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u3053\u3093\u306a, \u305d\u3093\u306a, \u3042\u3093\u306a ve \u3069\u3093\u306a nas\u0131l kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Bu kelimeler t\u00fcr\u00fc ve \u00f6zelli\u011fi tan\u0131mlar veya sorar. \u3053\u3093\u306a bu t\u00fcrden bir \u015feyi, \u305d\u3093\u306a o t\u00fcrden, \u3042\u3093\u306a \u015fu t\u00fcrden ve \u3069\u3093\u306a ne t\u00fcr oldu\u011funu sorar.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-33ec9c6d5e8d3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Bunu bir ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda konu\u015fmak i\u00e7in kullanabilir miyim?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Genellikle hay\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar i\u00e7in, \u3053\u306e\u4eba, \u305d\u306e\u4eba ve \u3042\u306e\u4eba gibi isim i\u00e7eren bir ifade veya daha sayg\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7im olan \u65b9 kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Japonca kosoado sistemini anlay\u0131n: \u3053\u308c, \u3053\u306e, \u3053\u3053 ve di\u011fer aileler, farkl\u0131l\u0131klar, \u00f6rnekler, diyalog, yayg\u0131n hatalar ve al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalarla.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":1682,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,72,60],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1680","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-pronomes-em-japones","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1680","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1680"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1680\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4451,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1680\/revisions\/4451"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1682"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1680"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1680"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1680"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}