{"id":1751,"date":"2009-11-03T05:37:49","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T07:37:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1751"},"modified":"2026-08-11T16:49:38","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T19:49:38","slug":"japoncada-fi%cc%87i%cc%87lleri%cc%87n-bicimsel-modlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/modo-informal-dos-verbos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Japonca fiillerin basit bi\u00e7imleri: \u015fimdiki zaman, ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman ve olumsuz"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A <strong>forma simples dos verbos em japon\u00eas<\/strong> n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma \u00fanica conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o. Ela re\u00fane quatro combina\u00e7\u00f5es: afirmativa e negativa no n\u00e3o-passado, al\u00e9m de afirmativa e negativa no passado. A forma de dicion\u00e1rio \u00e9 apenas a vers\u00e3o afirmativa do n\u00e3o-passado, como <strong>\u66f8\u304f<\/strong> (escrever) e <strong>\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/strong> (comer).<\/p>\n\n<p>Essas formas aparecem no fim de falas casuais, mas tamb\u00e9m dentro de constru\u00e7\u00f5es gramaticais usadas em frases polidas. Por isso, \u201cforma simples\u201d \u00e9 um nome mais preciso do que tratar todas elas apenas como \u201cmodo informal\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<h2>As quatro formas simples em uma tabela<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>De\u011fer<\/th><th>Grupo 1<\/th><th>Grup 2<\/th><th>\u3059\u308b<\/th><th>\u6765\u308b<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>N\u00e3o-passado afirmativo<\/td><td>\u66f8\u304f<\/td><td>\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/td><td>\u3059\u308b<\/td><td>\u6765\u308b\uff08\u304f\u308b\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>N\u00e3o-passado negativo<\/td><td>\u66f8\u304b\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u3057\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u6765\u306a\u3044\uff08\u3053\u306a\u3044\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f olumlu<\/td><td>\u66f8\u3044\u305f<\/td><td>\u98df\u3079\u305f<\/td><td>\u3057\u305f<\/td><td>\u6765\u305f\uff08\u304d\u305f\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Negatif ge\u00e7mi\u015f<\/td><td>\u66f8\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\u98df\u3079\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\u6765\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff08\u3053\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>O <a href=\"https:\/\/a2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/reference\/001.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">quadro de formas polidas e simples do Marugoto<\/a>, da Japan Foundation, organiza exatamente essas quatro combina\u00e7\u00f5es. Ele tamb\u00e9m registra formas especiais importantes, como <strong>\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u306a\u3044<\/strong> e <strong>\u884c\u304f \u2192 \u884c\u3063\u305f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Forma de dicion\u00e1rio n\u00e3o \u00e9 infinitivo<\/h2>\n\n<p>A forma de dicion\u00e1rio recebe esse nome porque \u00e9 a entrada usada para procurar um verbo. Ela n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma forma \u201cprimitiva\u201d nem corresponde perfeitamente ao infinitivo do portugu\u00eas. Em japon\u00eas, essa mesma forma j\u00e1 funciona como predicado e expressa um evento no <strong>n\u00e3o-passado<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>O n\u00e3o-passado pode indicar h\u00e1bito, verdade geral, estado atual ou futuro, conforme o verbo e o contexto:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6bce\u65e5\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u307e\u3044\u306b\u3061\u3001\u306b\u307b\u3093\u3054\u3092\u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3059\u308b\u3002<br \/><em>Mainichi, Nihongo o benky\u014d suru.<\/em><br \/>Her g\u00fcn Japonca \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u660e\u65e5\u3001\u53cb\u9054\u306b\u4f1a\u3046\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3042\u3057\u305f\u3001\u3068\u3082\u3060\u3061\u306b\u3042\u3046\u3002<br \/><em>Ashita, tomodachi ni au.<\/em><br \/>Yar\u0131n bir arkada\u015f\u0131mla bulu\u015faca\u011f\u0131m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>B\u00f6ylece, sadece <strong>\u66f8\u304f<\/strong> \u201c\u015fimdiki zaman\u201d demek \u00f6nemli bir fark\u0131 siler. Japonca ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmayan\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r; <strong>\u6bce\u65e5<\/strong> e <strong>\u660e\u65e5<\/strong> gibi ifadeler zamansal okumay\u0131 tan\u0131mlamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u00d6nce fiilin grubunu belirleyin<\/h2>\n\n<p>D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm gruba ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u015f\u00fcphe uyand\u0131r\u0131yorsa, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kurallar\u0131 uygulamadan \u00f6nce <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/japonca-fiil-gruplari\/\">godan, ichidan ve d\u00fczensiz fiilleri<\/a> g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irin.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Grup 1 veya godan:<\/strong> \u66f8\u304f, \u8aad\u3080 ve \u5e30\u308b gibi son mora de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Grup 2 veya ichidan:<\/strong> \u898b\u308b ve \u98df\u3079\u308b gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli eklerden \u00f6nce sondaki \u308b \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Grup 3:<\/strong> \u3059\u308b ve \u6765\u308b kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 bir araya getirir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Her fiil <em>-iru<\/em> veya <em>-eru<\/em> ile bitenler Grup 2'ye ait de\u011fildir. <strong>\u5e30\u308b<\/strong>, <strong>ko\u015fmak<\/strong>, <strong>kesmek<\/strong> e <strong>gerekli olmak<\/strong>, \u00f6rne\u011fin, Grup 1'dendir.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Olumsuz ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman d\u0131\u015f\u0131 nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulur<\/h2>\n\n<h3>Grup 1: son moray\u0131 a sat\u0131r\u0131na de\u011fi\u015ftirin<\/h3>\n\n<p>Godan fiillerinde, son mora, sesi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelenle de\u011fi\u015fir <em>a<\/em> ve al\u0131r <strong>\u306a\u3044<\/strong>. Biti\u015f <strong>\u3046<\/strong> \u00f6zel durumdur: \u015funa de\u011fi\u015fir <strong>\u308f<\/strong>, \u3042'ya de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Biti\u015f<\/th><th>De\u011fi\u015fim<\/th><th>\u00d6rnek<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\u3046<\/td><td>\u308f\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u8cb7\u3046 \u2192 \u8cb7\u308f\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u304f<\/td><td>\u304b\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u66f8\u304f \u2192 \u66f8\u304b\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3050<\/td><td>\u304c\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u6cf3\u3050 \u2192 \u6cf3\u304c\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3059<\/td><td>\u3055\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u8a71\u3059 \u2192 \u8a71\u3055\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3064<\/td><td>\u305f\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u5f85\u3064 \u2192 \u5f85\u305f\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u306c\u30fb\u3076\u30fb\u3080<\/td><td>\u306a\u306a\u3044\u30fb\u3070\u306a\u3044\u30fb\u307e\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u6b7b\u306c \u2192 \u6b7b\u306a\u306a\u3044; \u8aad\u3080 \u2192 \u8aad\u307e\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u308b<\/td><td>\u3089\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u5e30\u308b \u2192 \u5e30\u3089\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p><strong>\u3042\u308b<\/strong> \u00f6zel: basit olumsuzu <strong>\u306a\u3044<\/strong>, ve <span aria-label=\"yanl\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7im\">\u3042\u3089\u306a\u3044<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Grup 2 ve 3<\/h3>\n\n<p>Grup 2'de <strong>\u308b<\/strong> \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n ve <strong>\u306a\u3044<\/strong>: <strong>\u898b\u308b \u2192 \u898b\u306a\u3044<\/strong> e <strong>\u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044<\/strong>. ekleyin. Grup 3'te iki ana kal\u0131b\u0131 ezberleyin: <strong>\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u306a\u3044<\/strong> e <strong>\u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u306a\u3044\uff08\u3053\u306a\u3044\uff09<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Olumlu ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulur<\/h2>\n\n<p>Grup 1'in basit ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman\u0131, \u3066 bi\u00e7imindeki ayn\u0131 ses gruplar\u0131n\u0131 izler. <a href=\"https:\/\/a2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/reference\/002.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marugoto fiil \u00e7ekimi eki<\/a> s\u00f6zl\u00fck bi\u00e7imlerini, \u3066, \u305f ve \u306a\u3044 bi\u00e7imlerini yan yana kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Grup 1 Sonu<\/th><th>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman<\/th><th>\u00d6rnek<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\u3046\u30fb\u3064\u30fb\u308b<\/td><td>\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\u8cb7\u3046 \u2192 \u8cb7\u3063\u305f; \u5f85\u3064 \u2192 \u5f85\u3063\u305f; \u5e30\u308b \u2192 \u5e30\u3063\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3080\u30fb\u3076\u30fb\u306c<\/td><td>\u3093\u3060<\/td><td>\u8aad\u3080 \u2192 \u8aad\u3093\u3060; \u904a\u3076 \u2192 \u904a\u3093\u3060; \u6b7b\u306c \u2192 \u6b7b\u3093\u3060<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u304f<\/td><td>\u3044\u305f<\/td><td>\u66f8\u304f \u2192 \u66f8\u3044\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3050<\/td><td>\u3044\u3060<\/td><td>\u6cf3\u3050 \u2192 \u6cf3\u3044\u3060<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3059<\/td><td>\u3057\u305f<\/td><td>\u8a71\u3059 \u2192 \u8a71\u3057\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>En s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen istisna <strong>\u884c\u304f \u2192 \u884c\u3063\u305f<\/strong>. Grup 2'de \u308b'yu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p \u305f ekleyin: <strong>\u898b\u308b \u2192 \u898b\u305f<\/strong> e <strong>\u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u305f<\/strong>. Grup 3'te kullan\u0131n <strong>\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u305f<\/strong> e <strong>\u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u305f\uff08\u304d\u305f\uff09<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads10-->\n\n<h2>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman olumsuzu nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulur<\/h2>\n\n<p>formunu \u00fcrettikten sonra <strong>\u306a\u3044<\/strong>, sonundaki <strong>\u3044<\/strong> 'yi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p <strong>\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong>. ekleyin. Bu y\u00f6ntem \u00fc\u00e7 grup i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u66f8\u304b\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u66f8\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong> (yazmad\u0131);<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong> (yemedi);<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3057\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong> (yapmad\u0131);<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6765\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u6765\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong>\uff08\u3053\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f, gelmedi\uff09;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong> (yoktu; olmad\u0131, \u3042\u308b i\u00e7in).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Bu d\u00fczenlilik i\u015fe yarar: ba\u015fka bir tablonun tamam\u0131n\u0131 ezberlemek yerine, zaten bildi\u011finiz ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman olumsuzundan yola \u00e7\u0131kars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Basit bi\u00e7im ne zaman kullan\u0131l\u0131r<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ana c\u00fcmlenin sonunda, basit \u00fcslup g\u00fcnl\u00fck konu\u015fmalarda yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Se\u00e7im, yaln\u0131zca sabit bir \u201carkada\u015flar ve aile\u201d listesine de\u011fil, ki\u015filer aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiye ve duruma ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Materyal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/pre-intermediate\/pdf\/ZZ_L09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori, cilal\u0131 ve sade \u00fcsluplar hakk\u0131nda<\/a> tam da muhataba ve ba\u011flama uygunlu\u011fu vurgular.<\/p>\n\n<p>Yak\u0131n ki\u015filer aras\u0131ndaki bir konu\u015fmada:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A: \u660e\u65e5\u3001\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u306b\u884c\u304f\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u3042\u3057\u305f\u3001\u3068\u3057\u3087\u304b\u3093\u306b\u3044\u304f\uff1f<br \/><em>Ashita, toshokan ni iku?<\/em><br \/>Yar\u0131n k\u00fct\u00fcphaneye gidiyor musun?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B: \u3046\u3093\u3001\u884c\u304f\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Un, iku.<\/em><br \/>Evet, gidiyorum.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ancak sade bi\u00e7im, kibarca ifadelerin i\u00e7inde, bu ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 gerektiren \u00f6\u011felerden \u00f6nce de g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304f\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u306b\u307b\u3093\u3078\u3044\u304f\u3068\u304a\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Nihon e iku to omoimasu.<\/em><br \/>Japonya'ya gidece\u011fimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u884c\u304f<\/strong> \u00f6nce sade bi\u00e7imdedir, <strong>\u3068<\/strong>, oysa <strong>\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/strong> kibarca sonu korur. Bu, \u201csade bi\u00e7im\u201d ile \u201cresmi olmayan konu\u015fma'n\u0131n tam olarak ayn\u0131 \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u0130simlerden ve di\u011fer yap\u0131lardan \u00f6nce sade bi\u00e7im<\/h2>\n\n<p>D\u00f6rt sade bi\u00e7im, do\u011frudan bir ismi niteleyebilir. <a href=\"https:\/\/a2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/description\/016.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marugoto'nun fiil + isim notlar\u0131<\/a> tam kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterir: <strong>\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/strong>, <strong>\u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044<\/strong>, <strong>\u98df\u3079\u305f<\/strong> e <strong>\u98df\u3079\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u671d\u3054\u306f\u3093\u3092\u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3042\u3055\u3054\u306f\u3093\u3092\u305f\u3079\u306a\u3044\u3072\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Asa-gohan o tabenai hito desu.<\/em><br \/>Kahvalt\u0131 yapmayan bir ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n\n<p>Di\u011fer s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan yap\u0131lar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>fiil + \u3053\u3068:<\/strong> \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068 (Japonca \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak);<\/li>\n<li><strong>c\u00fcmle + \u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059:<\/strong> \u6765\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059 (gelece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum);<\/li>\n<li><strong>c\u00fcmle + \u3093\u3067\u3059:<\/strong> \u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u805e\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3093\u3067\u3059 (bir \u015fey sormak istiyorum da);<\/li>\n<li><strong>fiil + isim:<\/strong> \u6628\u65e5\u8cb7\u3063\u305f\u672c (d\u00fcn ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m kitap).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Bu \u00f6\u011felerle tam c\u00fcmleler kurmak i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca \u015fu k\u0131lavuza bak\u0131n: <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/japonca-cumle-nasil-kurulur\/\">Japonca'da c\u00fcmleler nas\u0131l kurulur<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Basit bi\u00e7imle ilgili yayg\u0131n hatalar<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>S\u00f6zl\u00fck bi\u00e7imine mastar demek:<\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir, ancak Japoncan\u0131n t\u00fcm i\u015flevlerini a\u00e7\u0131klamaz.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Basit bi\u00e7imi tek bir ekle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak:<\/strong> zaman ve olumluluk\/olumsuzlu\u011fa g\u00f6re \u308b, \u306a\u3044, \u305f ve \u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f i\u00e7erir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmayan zaman\u0131 her zaman \u015fimdiki zaman olarak \u00e7evirmek:<\/strong> <strong>\u660e\u65e5\u884c\u304f<\/strong> genellikle gelece\u011fi belirtir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>-iru veya -eru ile biten her fiili Grup 2 olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmak:<\/strong> \u5e30\u308b ve \u8d70\u308b gibi istisnalar\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Her konu\u015fman\u0131n sonunda basit bi\u00e7imi kullanmak:<\/strong> ili\u015fkiyi, durumu ve beklenen nezaket derecesini de\u011ferlendirin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c7ekim i\u00e7ine bo\u015fluk eklemek:<\/strong> yaz <strong>\u8cb7\u308f\u306a\u3044<\/strong>, de\u011fil <span aria-label=\"yanl\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7im\">\u8cb7\u308f \u306a\u3044<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Yorumlu al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma<\/h2>\n\n<p>Her fiili d\u00f6rt bi\u00e7ime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcn: ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman olmayan olumlu, ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman olmayan olumsuz, ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman olumlu ve ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman olumsuz.<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u66f8\u304f:<\/strong> \u66f8\u304f\u30fb\u66f8\u304b\u306a\u3044\u30fb\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u30fb\u66f8\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u98df\u3079\u308b:<\/strong> \u98df\u3079\u308b\u30fb\u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044\u30fb\u98df\u3079\u305f\u30fb\u98df\u3079\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u884c\u304f:<\/strong> \u884c\u304f\u30fb\u884c\u304b\u306a\u3044\u30fb\u884c\u3063\u305f\u30fb\u884c\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f. Ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman olumlu \u00f6zeldir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3059\u308b:<\/strong> \u3059\u308b\u30fb\u3057\u306a\u3044\u30fb\u3057\u305f\u30fb\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6765\u308b:<\/strong> \u6765\u308b\uff08\u304f\u308b\uff09\u30fb\u6765\u306a\u3044\uff08\u3053\u306a\u3044\uff09\u30fb\u6765\u305f\uff08\u304d\u305f\uff09\u30fb\u6765\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff08\u3053\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff09.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>H\u0131zl\u0131 ba\u015fvuru kural\u0131 olarak: grubu tan\u0131mlay\u0131n, olumsuzu \u306a\u3044 ile olu\u015fturun, ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman\u0131 \u305f ile olu\u015fturun ve \u306a\u3044'nin \u3044'sini \u304b\u3063\u305f ile de\u011fi\u015ftirerek ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman olumsuzunu t\u00fcretin.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Sonraki ad\u0131mlar<\/h2>\n\n<p>D\u00f6rt basit bi\u00e7ime hakim olduktan sonra, bunlar\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/japonca-fiillerin-masu-hali\/\">\u307e\u3059 bi\u00e7imi<\/a>. ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. Ard\u0131ndan, <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/japonca-fiillerin-te-hali\/\">\u3066 bi\u00e7imi<\/a> ve <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/japonca-fiillerin-potansiyel-bicimi\/\">potansiyel bi\u00e7im<\/a>. prati\u011fi yap\u0131n. Bu bi\u00e7imlerin dil sistemindeki yerini g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/temel-japonca-dilbilgisi\/\">Japonca dilbilgisinin temelleri<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-9d22e4e2ee8ce\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Basit bi\u00e7im ile s\u00f6zl\u00fck bi\u00e7imi aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>S\u00f6zl\u00fck bi\u00e7imi, \u66f8\u304f ve \u98df\u3079\u308b gibi yaln\u0131zca ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman olmayan basit olumlu bi\u00e7imdir. Basit bi\u00e7im k\u00fcmesi ayr\u0131ca \u306a\u3044, \u305f ve \u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini de i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-e13f8d7309ae3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Basit bi\u00e7im her zaman resmi olmayan m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Hay\u0131r. Ana c\u00fcmlenin sonunda, sade bir \u00fcslubun \u00f6zelli\u011fidir ve genellikle g\u00fcndelik etkile\u015fimlerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ancak, fiil + isim, \uff5e\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059 ve \uff5e\u3093\u3067\u3059 gibi yap\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7inde de gereklidir, c\u00fcmle kibar bir \u015fekilde bitse bile.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-a5d845164eeba\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">S\u00f6zl\u00fck bi\u00e7imi \u015fimdiki zaman\u0131 m\u0131 yoksa gelecek zaman\u0131 m\u0131 g\u00f6sterir?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman olmayan bir bi\u00e7imdir. Fiil t\u00fcr\u00fcne ve ba\u011flama g\u00f6re al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k, g\u00fcncel durum veya gelece\u011fi ifade edebilir. \u6bce\u65e5\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b bir al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131mlar; \u660e\u65e5\u884c\u304f genellikle gelece\u011fe i\u015faret eder.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-6e747724149b3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Basit ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman olumsuzu nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulur?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Negatif \u306a\u3044 ile ba\u015flay\u0131n, sondaki \u3044'yi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n ve \u304b\u3063\u305f ekleyin: \u66f8\u304b\u306a\u3044, \u66f8\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f olur, \u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044, \u98df\u3079\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f olur, \u3057\u306a\u3044, \u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f olur ve \u6765\u306a\u3044, \u6765\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f olur.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-3e06913bb8830\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">iru veya eru ile biten t\u00fcm fiiller Grup 2 midir?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Hay\u0131r. Bu ek sadece bir ipucu. \u5e30\u308b, \u8d70\u308b, \u5207\u308b ve \u8981\u308b gibi fiiller Grup 1'e aittir ve olumsuzu \u3089\u306a\u3044 ile olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Japonca fiillerin d\u00f6rt basit bi\u00e7imini \u00f6\u011frenin, godan, ichidan ve d\u00fczensiz fiilleri \u00e7ekimleyin ve basit \u00fcslubun ne zaman kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlay\u0131n.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":1752,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1751","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1751","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1751"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1751\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4420,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1751\/revisions\/4420"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1752"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1751"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1751"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1751"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}