{"id":2132,"date":"2009-11-04T06:32:27","date_gmt":"2009-11-04T08:32:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2132"},"modified":"2026-08-15T17:29:12","modified_gmt":"2026-08-15T20:29:12","slug":"japonca-fiillerin-potansiyel-bicimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/forma-potencial-dos-verbos-japoneses\/","title":{"rendered":"Japonca fiillerin potansiyel bi\u00e7imi: pratik rehber"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A <strong>Japoncada potansiyel bi\u00e7im<\/strong> birinin bir eylemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebildi\u011fini veya bir eylemin o anki ko\u015fullarda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu belirtir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span> \u201ckonu\u015fabiliyorum\u201d anlam\u0131na gelirken, <span lang=\"ja\">\u4f7f\u3048\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span> \u201ckullanmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil\u201d anlam\u0131na gelebilir.<\/p>\n\n<p>Bu bi\u00e7im kendi ba\u015f\u0131na resmi veya gayri resmi de\u011fildir. Kibarl\u0131k sona ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r: <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span> basit \u00fcsluba aittir ve <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span> kibar \u00fcsluba aittir. <span lang=\"ja\">verbo + \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> yap\u0131s\u0131 benzer anlamlar ifade eder ve her iki kay\u0131tta da g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Potansiyel bi\u00e7im ne ifade eder?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Potansiyel bi\u00e7im, <span lang=\"ja\">\u53ef\u80fd\u5f62<\/span> (<em>kan\u014dkei<\/em>), bir eylemi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olarak sunar. Ba\u011flam, c\u00fcmlenin ki\u015finin yetene\u011finden mi, bir f\u0131rsattan m\u0131 yoksa d\u0131\u015fsal bir ko\u015fuldan m\u0131 bahsetti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f \u306b\u307b\u3093\u3054\u304c \u306f\u306a\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Watashi wa nihongo ga hanasemasu.<\/em><br \/>Japonca konu\u015fabiliyorum.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u3067\u306f\u5199\u771f\u304c\u64ae\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e \u3073\u3058\u3085\u3064\u304b\u3093\u3067\u306f \u3057\u3083\u3057\u3093\u304c \u3068\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono bijutsukan de wa shashin ga toremasen.<\/em><br \/>Bu m\u00fczede foto\u011fraf \u00e7ekmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0130lk c\u00fcmle bir yetene\u011fi tan\u0131mlar. \u0130kincisi, yerin kurallar\u0131 veya ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan bir imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sunar. Portekizcede, iki fikir genellikle \u201cpoder\u201d veya \u201cconseguir\u201d ile \u00e7evrilir.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Potansiyel bi\u00e7im ve \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b e\u015fde\u011fer midir?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Her iki yap\u0131 da yetenek ve olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edebilir. \u015e\u00f6yle bir kural yoktur: <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> mutlaka resmi olmayan, potansiyel bi\u00e7im ise resmi olsun. Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Yap\u0131<\/th><th>Basit \u00fcslup<\/th><th>Kibarl\u0131 \u00fcslup<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Potansiyel bi\u00e7im<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Potansiyel bi\u00e7im genellikle daha kompaktt\u0131r. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> eylemi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bir birim olarak belirtir \u2014 kelimenin tam anlam\u0131yla, \u201c... eylemini yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u201d. Bu nedenle, hizmetler, kurallar, kaynaklar ve mevcut etkinliklerle ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Se\u00e7im, sabit bir formalite kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011fil, c\u00fcmleye ve ba\u011flama ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Fiillerde potansiyel bi\u00e7im nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulur<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00d6nce fiilin godan, ichidan veya d\u00fczensiz olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyin. Bu ayr\u0131m hen\u00fcz net de\u011filse, <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/japonca-fiil-gruplari\/\">Japonca fiil gruplar\u0131<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Godan fiiller: U s\u00fctunundan E s\u00fctununa ge\u00e7in ve \u308b ekleyin<\/h3>\n\n<p>Godan fiillerde, son mora E s\u00fctunundaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011fi\u015fir ve <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Son<\/th><th>De\u011fi\u015fim<\/th><th>\u00d6rnek<\/th><th>Potansiyel bi\u00e7im<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3046<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3048\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3046<\/span> (<em>kau<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3048\u308b<\/span> (<em>kaeru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u304f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3051\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u304f<\/span> (<em>kaku<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u3051\u308b<\/span> (<em>kakeru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3050<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3052\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6cf3\u3050<\/span> (<em>oyogu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6cf3\u3052\u308b<\/span> (<em>oyogeru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u3059<\/span> (<em>hanasu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span> (<em>hanaseru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3064<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f85\u3064<\/span> (<em>matsu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f85\u3066\u308b<\/span> (<em>materu<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306c<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306d\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6b7b\u306c<\/span> (<em>shinu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6b7b\u306d\u308b<\/span> (<em>shineru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3076<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3079\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u904a\u3076<\/span> (<em>asobu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u904a\u3079\u308b<\/span> (<em>asoberu<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3080<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3081\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3080<\/span> (<em>yomu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3081\u308b<\/span> (<em>yomeru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> (<em>kaeru<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>kaereru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Fiil <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> ile biter <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span>, ama godan'd\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden, <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308c\u308b<\/span>, ve <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>.  \u015feklini al\u0131r. G\u00f6rsel biti\u015f tek ba\u015f\u0131na grubu bulmak i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Ichidan fiiller: \u308b'yu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n ve \u3089\u308c\u308b ekleyin<\/h3>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>taberu \u2192 taberareru<\/em>) \u2014 yiyebilmek;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u308b \u2192 \u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>miru \u2192 mirareru<\/em>) \u2014 g\u00f6rebilmek;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b \u2192 \u8d77\u304d\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>okiru \u2192 okirareru<\/em>) \u2014 uyanabilmek veya kalkabilmek.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>D\u00fczensiz fiiller<\/h3>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> (<em>suru \u2192 dekiru<\/em>) \u2014 yapabilmek;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>kuru \u2192 korareru<\/em>) \u2014 gelebilmek.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Bile\u015fikler <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> ayn\u0131 kal\u0131b\u0131 izler: <span lang=\"ja\">\u4e88\u7d04\u3059\u308b<\/span> d\u00f6n <span lang=\"ja\">\u4e88\u7d04\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b<\/span> d\u00f6n <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads6-->\n\n<h2>Potansiyel fiil nas\u0131l \u00e7ekilir<\/h2>\n\n<p>Olu\u015fturulduktan sonra, \u00e7o\u011fu potansiyel bi\u00e7im ichidan fiili gibi davran\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece, d\u00fczenli bir kal\u0131pla olumsuz, ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve kibar bi\u00e7imler olu\u015fturmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/japoncada-fi%cc%87i%cc%87lleri%cc%87n-bicimsel-modlari\/\">fiillerin basit bi\u00e7imi<\/a> ve <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/japonca-fiillerin-masu-hali\/\">\u307e\u3059 bi\u00e7imi<\/a> sayfalar\u0131 bu ekleri g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>\u0130\u015flev<\/th><th><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/th><th><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f de\u011fil olumlu<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman olmayan olumsuz<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u306a\u3044<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f olumlu<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Negatif ge\u00e7mi\u015f<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Kibar olumlu<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Kibar olumsuz<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<h2>Ki\u015fisel yetenek ve durumun olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h2>\n\n<h3>Yetenek veya beceri<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u59b9\u306f\u767e\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u6cf3\u3052\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3044\u3082\u3046\u3068\u306f \u3072\u3083\u304f\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb \u304a\u3088\u3052\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Im\u014dto wa hyaku m\u0113toru oyogemasu.<\/em><br \/>K\u0131z karde\u015fim y\u00fcz metre y\u00fczebilir.<\/p>\n\n<p>C\u00fcmle, ki\u015finin bir yetene\u011fini tan\u0131mlar. Ayn\u0131 mant\u0131k \u015furada da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6f22\u5b57\u304c\u8aad\u3081\u308b<\/span> (\u201ckanji okuyabilmek\u201d) ve <span lang=\"ja\">\u8eca\u3092\u904b\u8ee2\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> (\u201caraba kullanabilmek\/bilmek\u201d).<\/p>\n\n<h3>Ko\u015ful, f\u0131rsat veya pratik izin<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3067\u306f\u7121\u6599\u3067Wi-Fi\u304c\u4f7f\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e \u3068\u3057\u3087\u304b\u3093\u3067\u306f \u3080\u308a\u3087\u3046\u3067 \u30ef\u30a4\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u304c \u3064\u304b\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono toshokan de wa mury\u014d de waifai ga tsukaemasu.<\/em><br \/>Bu k\u00fct\u00fcphanede Wi-Fi'yi \u00fccretsiz kullanmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ki\u015finin \u00f6zel bir yetene\u011fi olabilir veya olmayabilir; as\u0131l nokta, yerin bu olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden tabelalar, rehberler ve hizmet a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 potansiyel bi\u00e7imi ve \u015fu soruyu \u00e7ok kullan\u0131r: <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Devo usar a part\u00edcula \u304c ou \u3092?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 seviyesindekilere \u00f6\u011fretilen d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmde, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> ile i\u015faretlenen nesne genellikle potansiyel bi\u00e7imin \u00f6n\u00fcnde <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> ile g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Japonca konu\u015furum.<br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Japonca konu\u015fabiliyorum.<\/p>\n\n<p>Bu n\u00f6tr ve g\u00fcvenli bir kal\u0131pt\u0131r. Ancak, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> i\u00e7eren c\u00fcmleler \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f konu\u015fma ve yaz\u0131da da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr, \u00f6zellikle konu\u015fmac\u0131 eylemi ve nesnesini odakta tuttu\u011funda. Bu nedenle, <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> otomatik olarak yanl\u0131\u015f olarak reddedilmemelidir.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ba\u015flamak i\u00e7in, <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> n\u00f6tr yetenek ifadelerinde kullan\u0131n ve <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> ger\u00e7ek kullan\u0131mlarda tan\u0131may\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenin. <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/japoncada-temel-parcaciklar\/\">Japonca'da temel par\u00e7ac\u0131klar<\/a> rehberi, bu i\u015faretlerin c\u00fcmledeki genel i\u015flevini g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Potansiyel ve edilgen \u00e7at\u0131 nas\u0131l ay\u0131rt edilir<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ichidan fiillerde ve <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b<\/span>, i\u00e7inde, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> bi\u00e7imi ayn\u0131 zamanda edilgen anlam da ta\u015f\u0131yabilir. Ba\u011flam ve par\u00e7ac\u0131klar yorumu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u9b5a\u304c\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Watashi wa sakana ga taberaremasu.<\/em><br \/>Bal\u0131k yiyebiliyorum. <strong>(potansiyel)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u9b5a\u306f\u732b\u306b\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Sakana wa neko ni taberaremashita.<\/em><br \/>Bal\u0131k kedi taraf\u0131ndan yenildi. <strong>(pasif)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>\u0130lk c\u00fcmlede, <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span> kapasiteye sahip olan ki\u015fidir. \u0130kincisinde, <span lang=\"ja\">\u9b5a<\/span> eylemi al\u0131r ve <span lang=\"ja\">\u732b\u306b<\/span> eyleyeni belirtir. Eki tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7evirmek yeterli de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u898b\u308c\u308b ve \u98df\u3079\u308c\u308b: \u3089\u629c\u304d nedir?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Konu\u015fmada ayr\u0131ca <span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u308c\u308b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308c\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308c\u308b<\/span>, yani <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089<\/span> itibaren <span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> ekinin at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7imleri de duyacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Bu olguya <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089\u629c\u304d\u8a00\u8449<\/span> (<em>ranuki kotoba<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n<p>denir. <span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>. Kullan\u0131m ger\u00e7ek ve yayg\u0131nd\u0131r, \u00f6zellikle konu\u015fma dilinde, ancak kabul b\u00f6lgeye, ku\u015fa\u011fa ve formalite derecesine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. Sa\u011flam bir temel olu\u015fturmak ve daha dikkatli durumlarda yazmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nce tam bi\u00e7imleri tercih edin <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089<\/span>, . Eksiz s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri duydu\u011funuzda, bunlar\u0131 yeni bir fiil grubu olarak de\u011fil, kullan\u0131m varyasyonlar\u0131 olarak tan\u0131y\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Potansiyel bi\u00e7im, \u305f\u3044 bi\u00e7imi ve \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Bi\u00e7im<\/th><th>Ana soru<\/th><th>\u00d6rnek<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Potansiyel<\/td><td>M\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc? Ki\u015fi yapabiliyor mu?<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span> \u2014 Japonca konu\u015fabiliyorum.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>Ki\u015fi yapmak istiyor mu?<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3057\u305f\u3044<\/span> \u2014 Japonca konu\u015fmak istiyorum.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/span><\/td><td>Vamos fazer juntos?<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/span> \u2014 Vamos falar japon\u00eas.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Capacidade, desejo e proposta s\u00e3o inten\u00e7\u00f5es diferentes. Para aprofundar o contraste, consulte a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/tai-bicimindeki-japonca-fiiller\/\">forma \u305f\u3044 dos verbos<\/a> ve <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/form-mashou-of-verbs-in-japanese\/\">forma \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Erros comuns com a forma potencial<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tratar potencial como sin\u00f4nimo de formalidade:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span> \u00e9 simples; <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span> \u00e9 polido.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dizer que \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b \u00e9 sempre informal:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span> \u00e9 uma constru\u00e7\u00e3o polida e perfeitamente normal.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Classificar todo verbo em \u3044\u308b ou \u3048\u308b como ichidan:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> \u00e9 godan e vira <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308c\u308b<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conjugar \u3059\u308b regularmente:<\/strong> a forma potencial \u00e9 <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Proibir \u3092 em qualquer frase potencial:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> \u00e9 o padr\u00e3o did\u00e1tico neutro, mas <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> tamb\u00e9m aparece no uso real.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ignorar a ambiguidade de \u3089\u308c\u308b:<\/strong> em verbos ichidan, o contexto separa potencial e passiva.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Mini di\u00e1logo com capacidade e possibilidade<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Nihongo ga hanasemasu ka.<\/em><br \/>Japonca konu\u015fabiliyor musun?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u5c11\u3057\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u6f22\u5b57\u306f\u3042\u307e\u308a\u8aad\u3081\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Sukoshi hanasemasu. Demo, kanji wa amari yomemasen.<\/em><br \/>Biraz konu\u015fabiliyorum. Ama \u00e7ok fazla kanji okuyam\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u3067\u6f22\u5b57\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3088\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono apuri de kanji o shiraberu koto ga dekimasu yo.<\/em><br \/>Bu uygulama ile kanjilere bakmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306a\u3089\u8aad\u3081\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>S\u014d desu ka. Kore nara yomes\u014d desu.<\/em><br \/>Anlad\u0131m. B\u00f6ylece okuyabilecekmi\u015fim gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Potansiyel bi\u00e7im al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n<p>Her fiili basit potansiyel bi\u00e7ime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcn. Ard\u0131ndan c\u00fcmleleri tamamlay\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u304f<\/span> \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/span> \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b<\/span> \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u3059<\/span>: <span lang=\"ja\">Ben biraz Japonca ______.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u308b<\/span>: <span lang=\"ja\">Buradan deniz ______.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details>\n<summary><strong>Cevaplar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcle<\/strong><\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u3051\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n<h2>\u00d6zet ve sonraki ad\u0131mlar<\/h2>\n\n<p>Godan fiillerinde, U s\u00fctunundaki son moray\u0131 E s\u00fctununa de\u011fi\u015ftirin ve ekleyin <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span>. Ichidan fiillerinde, \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span> ve kullan\u0131n <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>. Ayr\u0131ca ezberleyin <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Olu\u015fumdan sonra \u00fc\u00e7 noktaya dikkat edin: ba\u011flam, yetenek ile olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ay\u0131r\u0131r; basit veya kibar biti\u015f, kayd\u0131 belirler; ve par\u00e7ac\u0131klar, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015flevini yorumlamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Bu konuyu dilin geri kalan\u0131yla ba\u011flamak i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/temel-japonca-dilbilgisi\/\">Japonca dilbilgisinin temelleri<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Potansiyel bi\u00e7im hakk\u0131nda s\u0131k sorulan sorular<\/h2>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-7cde76a66b534\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Japoncada potansiyel form ne i\u015fe yarar?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Potansiyel bi\u00e7im, birinin bir eylemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebildi\u011fini veya eylemin belirli bir durumda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu ifade eder. Ba\u011flam, yetenek, f\u0131rsat ve d\u0131\u015f ko\u015fulu ay\u0131rt eder.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-491c126caf4ec\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Bir fiil potansiyel bi\u00e7ime nas\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Godan fiillerinde, U s\u00fctunundaki eki E s\u00fctununa ge\u00e7irin ve \u308b ekleyin. Ichidan fiillerinde \u308b'yu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n ve \u3089\u308c\u308b kullan\u0131n. Ana d\u00fczensizler \u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3067\u304d\u308b ve \u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b'dir.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-83d3db996eabf\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Potansiyel bi\u00e7im ile \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Her iki yap\u0131 da yetenek ve olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edebilir. Potansiyel bi\u00e7im daha derli topludur; \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b eylemi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bir birim olarak g\u00f6sterir. Her ikisi de basit veya kibar olabilir.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-186353a7f04f6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Potansiyel formda \u304c m\u0131 yoksa \u3092 mu kullanmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u304c, \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059 \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi genellikle \u00f6\u011fretilen n\u00f6tr standartt\u0131r. Ancak, \u3092 da \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f konu\u015fma ve yaz\u0131da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve otomatik olarak yanl\u0131\u015f kabul edilmemelidir.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-d3ea5ae5e4b7a\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u898b\u308c\u308b ve \u98df\u3079\u308c\u308b do\u011fru mu?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3089 olmadan bu bi\u00e7imler konu\u015fmada yayg\u0131nd\u0131r ve \u3089\u629c\u304d ad\u0131 verilen varyasyonu temsil eder. G\u00fcvenli bir temel ve daha dikkatli durumlar i\u00e7in \u00f6nce \u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b, \u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b ve \u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b tercih edin.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Ba\u015fvurulan resmi kaynaklar<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary02\/pdf\/Z_L05.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori, Elementary 2 seviyesi 5. ders \u2014 potansiyel bi\u00e7imin olu\u015fumu ve kullan\u0131mlar\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L05.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori, Elementary 1 seviyesi 5. ders \u2014 fiil + \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059 yap\u0131s\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/kotoba.ninjal.ac.jp\/qa\/yokuaru\/qa-51\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NINJAL \u2014 \u304c ve \u3092 aras\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fim, potansiyel fiillerle<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bunka.go.jp\/kokugo_nihongo\/sisaku\/joho\/joho\/kakuki\/20\/tosin03\/09.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japonya K\u00fclt\u00fcr \u0130\u015fleri Ajans\u0131 \u2014 \u3089\u629c\u304d\u8a00\u8449'n\u0131n tarihi ve de\u011fi\u015fimi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/a2-2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/detail\/topic8-sec16-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marugoto \u2014 olumlu ve olumsuz potansiyel bi\u00e7im \u00f6rnekleri<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Potansiyel bi\u00e7imde fiilleri olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ve kullanmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenin, yetenek ve olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ay\u0131rt edin, \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n ve \u304c ile \u3092 edatlar\u0131n\u0131 anlay\u0131n.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":2134,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2132","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2132","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2132"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2132\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4430,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2132\/revisions\/4430"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2134"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2132"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2132"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2132"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}