{"id":1665,"date":"2009-11-03T04:43:39","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T06:43:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1665"},"modified":"2026-08-09T13:52:00","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:52:00","slug":"desu-%d0%b4%d1%96%d1%94%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%be-%d0%b1%d1%83%d1%82%d0%b8-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d1%8c%d0%ba%d0%be%d1%8e-%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%be%d1%8e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/desu-o-verbo-ser-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3067\u3059 (desu) em japon\u00eas: significado, uso e formas"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u3067\u3059 (<em>desu<\/em>)<\/strong> \u00e9 uma forma educada usada no fim de muitas frases japonesas. Em portugu\u00eas, ela pode aparecer em tradu\u00e7\u00f5es como \u201c\u00e9\u201d, \u201cest\u00e1\u201d, \u201csou\u201d ou \u201cs\u00e3o\u201d, mas n\u00e3o funciona como um verbo \u201cser\u201d que possa ser colocado em qualquer frase. O papel de <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> depende do tipo de predicado que vem antes dele.<\/p>\n\n<p>A regra pr\u00e1tica \u00e9: use <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> principalmente depois de substantivos e adjetivos \u306a em frases educadas. Depois de adjetivos \u3044, ele acrescenta polidez, enquanto o pr\u00f3prio adjetivo expressa e flexiona o estado. Com verbos, a forma educada normalmente termina em <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span>, n\u00e3o em <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>O que significa desu em japon\u00eas?<\/h2>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> ajuda a formar um predicado educado. Compare tr\u00eas tipos de frase:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u041f\u0430\u043d \u0422\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u2014 \u0432\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c.<\/span><br \/><em>\u0422\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430-\u0441\u0430\u043d \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0439.<\/em><br \/>Tanaka \u00e9 professor.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u753a\u306f\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono machi wa shizuka desu.<\/em><br \/>Esta cidade \u00e9 tranquila.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u0421\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e.<\/span><br \/><em>\u0421\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e.<\/em><br \/>Hoje est\u00e1 quente.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Na primeira frase, <span lang=\"ja\">\u5148\u751f<\/span> \u00e9 um substantivo. Na segunda, <span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b<\/span> \u00e9 um adjetivo \u306a. Na terceira, <span lang=\"ja\">\u6691\u3044<\/span> \u00e9 um adjetivo \u3044: ele j\u00e1 cont\u00e9m a ideia de \u201cestar quente\u201d, e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> deixa a frase educada.<\/p>\n\n<p>Essa diferen\u00e7a evita traduzir cada parte mecanicamente. Para entender como o predicado organiza a frase, consulte o guia sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/%d1%8f%d0%ba-%d0%b1%d1%83%d0%b4%d1%83%d0%b2%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b8-%d1%80%d0%b5%d1%87%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%bd%d1%8f-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d1%8c%d0%ba%d0%be%d1%8e-%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%be%d1%8e\/\">\u044f\u043a \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Desu n\u00e3o \u00e9 um verbo \u201cser\u201d universal<\/h2>\n\n<p>Chamar <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> de \u201cverbo ser\u201d pode ajudar em uma primeira tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, mas cria erros quando vira uma regra absoluta. Ele n\u00e3o substitui todos os usos de \u201cser\u201d e \u201cestar\u201d do portugu\u00eas, nem deve ser acrescentado depois de qualquer verbo japon\u00eas.<\/p>\n\n<p>Um verbo na forma educada usa normalmente <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Correto:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u6bce\u65e5\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Mainichi, nihongo o benky\u014d shimasu.<\/em><br \/>Estudo japon\u00eas todos os dias.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Incorreto:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u6bce\u65e5\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o existe uma correspond\u00eancia \u00fanica entre \u201cestar\u201d e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span>. Exist\u00eancia, localiza\u00e7\u00e3o, a\u00e7\u00f5es em andamento e mudan\u00e7as de estado usam outras estruturas. Por isso, vale aprender primeiro a diferen\u00e7a entre substantivos, adjetivos e verbos na <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/%d0%b1%d0%b0%d0%b7%d0%be%d0%b2%d1%83-%d0%b3%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%bc%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%ba%d1%83-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d1%8c%d0%ba%d0%be%d1%97-%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b8\/\">gram\u00e1tica japonesa para iniciantes<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Formas educadas com substantivos e adjetivos \u306a<\/h2>\n\n<p>O japon\u00eas distingue principalmente <strong>n\u00e3o passado<\/strong> e <strong>passado<\/strong>. O n\u00e3o passado pode descrever o presente, h\u00e1bitos ou situa\u00e7\u00f5es futuras; o contexto indica a leitura adequada. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L04.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tabela gramatical do Irodori<\/a> apresenta essa oposi\u00e7\u00e3o e separa substantivos, adjetivos e verbos.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Valor<\/th><th>Forma educada<\/th><th>Exemplo com substantivo<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>N\u00e3o passado afirmativo<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u4f11\u307f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>Hoje \u00e9 folga.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>N\u00e3o passado negativo<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u4f11\u307f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>Hoje n\u00e3o \u00e9 folga.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6628\u65e5\u306f\u4f11\u307f\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><br \/>Ontem foi folga.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u041d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/span><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6628\u65e5\u306f\u4f11\u307f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>Ontem n\u00e3o foi folga.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083<\/span> \u00e9 comum na fala. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u306f<\/span> aparece mais em escrita e em contextos formais. Isso n\u00e3o torna <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044<\/span> \u201cfora de uso\u201d: a escolha depende do registro e da estrutura. O material inicial do Irodori confirma <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/starter\/pdf\/X_L03.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">as negativas <span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/a> e explica a prefer\u00eancia de <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u306f<\/span> na escrita.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Qual \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a entre desu e da?<\/h2>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> pertence ao estilo educado; <span lang=\"ja\">\u3060<\/span> pertence ao estilo simples. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3060<\/span> n\u00e3o \u00e9 apenas uma pron\u00fancia curta de <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span>. A troca muda o registro da frase e precisa combinar com a situa\u00e7\u00e3o e com o restante do enunciado.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Valor<\/th><th>Estilo educado<\/th><th>Estilo simples<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>N\u00e3o passado afirmativo<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3060<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>N\u00e3o passado negativo<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3060\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u041d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Em conversas informais, o <span lang=\"ja\">\u3060<\/span> final pode ser omitido em certas frases, especialmente perguntas curtas: <span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\uff1f<\/span> (\u201c\u00c9 estudante?\u201d). Isso n\u00e3o significa que <span lang=\"ja\">\u3060<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> sejam intercambi\u00e1veis em qualquer contexto. O <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">quadro de formas simples da Japan Foundation<\/a> registra <span lang=\"ja\">\u3060\uff0f\u3060\u3063\u305f\uff0f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\uff0f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span> para substantivos e adjetivos \u306a.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como desu funciona com adjetivos \u3044?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Adjetivos \u3044 flexionam por conta pr\u00f3pria. N\u00e3o transforme simplesmente <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> \u0437\u0430 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u044e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span>. A mudan\u00e7a ocorre no adjetivo:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Valor<\/th><th>Forma<\/th><th>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>N\u00e3o passado afirmativo<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span><br \/><em>takai desu<\/em><\/td><td>\u00c9 caro.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>N\u00e3o passado negativo<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span><br \/><em>takakunai desu<\/em><\/td><td>N\u00e3o \u00e9 caro.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/span><br \/><em>takakatta desu<\/em><\/td><td>Era caro.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u041d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/span><br \/><em>takakunakatta desu<\/em><\/td><td>N\u00e3o era caro.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>\u041e\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a, <span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span> est\u00e1 incorreto. Para aprofundar essa flex\u00e3o, veja <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/%d1%8f%d0%ba-%d0%b2%d0%b6%d0%b8%d0%b2%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b8-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%bc%d0%b5%d1%82%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%b8-%d0%b2-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d1%8c%d0%ba%d1%96%d0%b9-%d0%bc%d0%be\/\">\u044f\u043a \u0432\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0432\u0456<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como pronunciar desu?<\/h2>\n\n<p>A leitura \u00e9 <em>desu<\/em>. Em muitas variedades e situa\u00e7\u00f5es de fala, a vogal <em>u<\/em> final fica enfraquecida ou n\u00e3o recebe voz, fazendo a palavra soar pr\u00f3xima de \u201cdes\u201d. Isso n\u00e3o autoriza apagar o som de maneira for\u00e7ada em todas as situa\u00e7\u00f5es. Regi\u00e3o, idade, velocidade, \u00eanfase e grau de formalidade podem alterar a pron\u00fancia. O <a href=\"https:\/\/kotoba.ninjal.ac.jp\/qa\/yokuaru\/qa-215\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NINJAL explica a varia\u00e7\u00e3o de pron\u00fancia em <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059\u30fb\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/a> e observa diferen\u00e7as regionais e geracionais.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como transformar uma frase com desu em pergunta?<\/h2>\n\n<p>No registro educado, acrescente <span lang=\"ja\">\u304b<\/span> ao final:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u041f\u0430\u043d \u0422\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u2014 \u0432\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c?<\/span><br \/><em>\u0422\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430-\u0441\u0430\u043d \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0439?.<\/em><br \/>Tanaka \u00e9 professor?<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u753a\u306f\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono machi wa shizuka desu ka.<\/em><br \/>Esta cidade \u00e9 tranquila?<\/p>\n\n<p>Na fala informal, a entona\u00e7\u00e3o e outras termina\u00e7\u00f5es podem formar perguntas sem <span lang=\"ja\">\u304b<\/span>. O guia sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/%d1%8f%d0%ba-%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%b2%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b8-%d0%b7%d0%b0%d0%bf%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%bd%d1%8f-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d1%8c%d0%ba%d0%be%d1%8e-%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%be%d1%8e\/\">\u044f\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e<\/a> explica a diferen\u00e7a entre perguntas educadas e informais.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Erros comuns com desu<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Usar depois de um verbo no dicion\u00e1rio:<\/strong> prefira <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span> no estilo educado, n\u00e3o <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304f\u3067\u3059<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fazer o passado de um adjetivo \u3044 como <span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span>:<\/strong> a forma correta \u00e9 <span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tratar <span lang=\"ja\">\u3060<\/span> como abrevia\u00e7\u00e3o educada:<\/strong> ele pertence ao estilo simples e pode soar direto demais em certas rela\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Afirmar que <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044<\/span> n\u00e3o \u00e9 usado:<\/strong> a forma continua v\u00e1lida; <span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/span> \u00e9 apenas mais conversacional.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pronunciar sempre \u201cdes\u201d:<\/strong> a redu\u00e7\u00e3o do <em>u<\/em> varia; primeiro preserve o ritmo e escute falantes em contextos diferentes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Di\u00e1logo curto com desu<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u041f\u0430\u043d \u0422\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u2014 \u0432\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c?<\/span><br \/><em>\u0422\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430-\u0441\u0430\u043d \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0439?.<\/em><br \/>Tanaka \u00e9 professor?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u0411:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3044\u3044\u3048\u3001\u5148\u751f\u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u4f1a\u793e\u54e1\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Iie, sensei ja arimasen. Kaishain desu.<\/em><br \/>N\u00e3o, n\u00e3o \u00e9 professor. \u00c9 funcion\u00e1rio de uma empresa.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u6628\u65e5\u3082\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kin\u014d mo shigoto deshita ka.<\/em><br \/>Ontem tamb\u00e9m foi dia de trabalho?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u0411:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3044\u3044\u3048\u3001\u4f11\u307f\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Iie, yasumi deshita.<\/em><br \/>N\u00e3o, foi folga.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Exerc\u00edcio: escolha a forma correta<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u201cOntem estava tranquilo\u201d: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6628\u65e5\u306f\u9759\u304b\uff08\u3067\u3059\uff0f\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u201cHoje n\u00e3o \u00e9 feriado\u201d: <span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u795d\u65e5\uff08\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\uff0f\u3060\u3063\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u201cEra caro\u201d: <span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0f\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u201cVou ao Jap\u00e3o\u201d no estilo educado: <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304f\u3067\u3059\uff0f\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p><strong>Respostas:<\/strong> 1) <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span>, porque a frase est\u00e1 no passado; 2) <span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span>, negativa educada no n\u00e3o passado; 3) <span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/span>, pois o adjetivo \u3044 recebe a flex\u00e3o; 4) <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span>, porque verbos usam normalmente <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span> no estilo educado.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u041f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f<\/h2>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-327455de07c61\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">O que significa desu em japon\u00eas?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3067\u3059 (desu) marca uma frase como educada e ajuda a formar predicados com substantivos e adjetivos. A tradu\u00e7\u00e3o pode ser \u201c\u00e9\u201d, \u201cest\u00e1\u201d, \u201csou\u201d ou \u201cs\u00e3o\u201d, mas o significado exato depende do contexto e do elemento que vem antes.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-6eaab8f05fa53\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Desu \u00e9 o verbo ser em japon\u00eas?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>N\u00e3o de forma universal. Essa tradu\u00e7\u00e3o pode ajudar em frases simples, mas \u3067\u3059 n\u00e3o substitui todos os usos de \u201cser\u201d e \u201cestar\u201d. Verbos japoneses usam normalmente \u307e\u3059 no estilo educado, enquanto substantivos e adjetivos seguem padr\u00f5es pr\u00f3prios.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-78c00be5160ac\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Qual \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a entre desu e da?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3067\u3059 pertence ao estilo educado; \u3060 pertence ao estilo simples. Eles podem ocupar fun\u00e7\u00f5es correspondentes depois de substantivos e adjetivos \u306a, mas a escolha muda o registro e a rela\u00e7\u00e3o com o interlocutor. \u3060 n\u00e3o \u00e9 apenas uma abrevia\u00e7\u00e3o de \u3067\u3059.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-4ba13b3d77d08\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Como colocar desu no passado e na negativa?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Com substantivos e adjetivos \u306a, use \u3067\u3057\u305f no passado afirmativo. Para negar, formas comuns incluem \u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059, \u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093 e \u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093; no passado negativo, use \u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059, \u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f ou \u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-7eb9c5d674bd2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Posso usar desu depois de qualquer verbo?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>N\u00e3o. Um verbo na forma educada termina normalmente em \u307e\u3059: \u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059, por exemplo. A constru\u00e7\u00e3o \u884c\u304f\u3067\u3059 est\u00e1 incorreta no japon\u00eas padr\u00e3o. \u3067\u3059 pode aparecer depois de algumas formas que j\u00e1 funcionam como predicados, mas n\u00e3o substitui a conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o verbal.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Pr\u00f3ximo passo: reconhe\u00e7a o tipo de predicado<\/h2>\n\n<p>Antes de escolher <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3060<\/span> \u0430\u0431\u043e <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span>, identifique se o n\u00facleo da frase \u00e9 um substantivo, um adjetivo \u306a, um adjetivo \u3044 ou um verbo. Essa decis\u00e3o simples evita a maior parte dos erros e conecta este tema \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d1%8c%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d0%bf%d0%be%d1%80%d1%8f%d0%b4%d0%be%d0%ba-%d1%81%d0%bb%d1%96%d0%b2\/\">ordem das palavras em japon\u00eas<\/a> e \u00e0s <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/%d0%be%d1%81%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%bd%d1%96-%d1%87%d0%b0%d1%81%d1%82%d0%ba%d0%b8-%d0%b2-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d1%8c%d0%ba%d1%96%d0%b9-%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%b2%d1%96\/\">part\u00edculas que marcam a fun\u00e7\u00e3o dos grupos<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Entenda o que \u3067\u3059 (desu) significa, quando usar essa forma educada e como diferenciar substantivos, adjetivos e verbos em frases japonesas.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1667,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73,60],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1665","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1665","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1665"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1665\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4403,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1665\/revisions\/4403"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1667"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1665"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1665"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1665"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}