{"id":1751,"date":"2009-11-03T05:37:49","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T07:37:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1751"},"modified":"2026-08-11T16:49:38","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T19:49:38","slug":"%d0%bd%d0%b5%d1%84%d0%be%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%96-%d0%b4%d1%96%d1%94%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d1%8c%d0%ba%d0%be%d1%8e-%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/modo-informal-dos-verbos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u044e: \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0456\u0439, \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0456 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A <strong>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438<\/strong> \u043d\u0435 \u0454 \u0454\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0456\u0454\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c. \u0412\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431'\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0443\u0454 \u0447\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457: \u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0443 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0456, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0443 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0456. \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0443, \u044f\u043a-\u043e\u0442 <strong>\u66f8\u304f<\/strong> (\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0438) \u0442\u0430 <strong>\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/strong> (\u0457\u0441\u0442\u0438).<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0426\u0456 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438 \u0437'\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0456\u043d\u0446\u0456 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044c, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0443 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0456\u044f\u0445, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0443 \u0432\u0432\u0456\u0447\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u201c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u201d \u2014 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430, \u043d\u0456\u0436 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0457\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0456 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u044f\u043a \u201c\u043d\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u0427\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0456<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>\u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f<\/th><th>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430 1<\/th><th>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430 2<\/th><th>\u3059\u308b<\/th><th>\u6765\u308b<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\u041d\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/td><td>\u66f8\u304f<\/td><td>\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/td><td>\u3059\u308b<\/td><td>\u6765\u308b\uff08\u304f\u308b\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u041d\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/td><td>\u66f8\u304b\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u3057\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u6765\u306a\u3044\uff08\u3053\u306a\u3044\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435<\/td><td>\u66f8\u3044\u305f<\/td><td>\u98df\u3079\u305f<\/td><td>\u3057\u305f<\/td><td>\u6765\u305f\uff08\u304d\u305f\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u041d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435<\/td><td>\u66f8\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\u98df\u3079\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\u6765\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff08\u3053\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>O <a href=\"https:\/\/a2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/reference\/001.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044f \u0432\u0432\u0456\u0447\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c Marugoto<\/a>, \u0432\u0456\u0434 Japan Foundation, \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0446\u0456 \u0447\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u0412\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0444\u0456\u043a\u0441\u0443\u0454 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438, \u044f\u043a-\u043e\u0442 <strong>\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u306a\u3044<\/strong> e <strong>\u884c\u304f \u2192 \u884c\u3063\u305f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0432<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0443, \u043e\u0441\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0443\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430. \u0412\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0454 \u201c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0456\u0441\u043d\u043e\u044e\u201d \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u044e \u0456 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0456\u043d\u0444\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438. \u0412 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u0446\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u0436\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0454 \u044f\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0454 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u044e \u0432 <strong>\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0456<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u041d\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0443, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0454, \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0443:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6bce\u65e5\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u307e\u3044\u306b\u3061\u3001\u306b\u307b\u3093\u3054\u3092\u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3059\u308b\u3002<br \/><em>\u0429\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0447\u0430\u044e \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0443.<\/em><br \/>\u042f \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0447\u0430\u044e \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0443 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430.<\/strong><br \/>\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0443 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430.<br \/><em>\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0443 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430.<\/em><br \/>\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u044f \u0437\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0443 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 <strong>\u66f8\u304f<\/strong> \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u201c\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0456\u043c\u201d \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0454 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u042f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0454 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0456 \u043d\u0435-\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441; \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0448\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0442 <strong>\u6bce\u65e5<\/strong> e <strong>\u660e\u65e5<\/strong> \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0443 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0422\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0438. \u042f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u0446\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0454 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0438, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043b\u044f\u043d\u044c\u0442\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/%d0%b3%d1%80%d1%83%d0%bf%d0%b8-%d0%b4%d1%96%d1%94%d1%81%d0%bb%d1%96%d0%b2-%d0%b2-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d1%8c%d0%ba%d1%96%d0%b9-%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%b2%d1%96\/\">\u0434\u0456\u0454\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043d, \u0456\u0442\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456<\/a> \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0447\u0435.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430 1, \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043d:<\/strong> \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u044f\u043a \u0443 \u66f8\u304f, \u8aad\u3080 \u0442\u0430 \u5e30\u308b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430 2, \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0456\u0442\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043d:<\/strong> \u043a\u0456\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0435 \u308b \u0432\u0438\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u044f\u043a \u0443 \u898b\u308b \u0442\u0430 \u98df\u3079\u308b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430 3:<\/strong> \u043e\u0431'\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0443\u0454 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456 \u3059\u308b \u0442\u0430 \u6765\u308b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>\u041d\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0447\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 <em>-iru<\/em> \u0430\u0431\u043e <em>-eru<\/em> \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e \u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0438 2. <strong>\u5e30\u308b<\/strong>, <strong>\u8d70\u308b<\/strong>, <strong>\u5207\u308b<\/strong> e <strong>\u8981\u308b<\/strong>, por exemplo, s\u00e3o do Grupo 1.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como formar o n\u00e3o-passado negativo<\/h2>\n\n<h3>Grupo 1: mude a \u00faltima mora para a linha de a<\/h3>\n\n<p>Nos verbos godan, a mora final passa para a correspondente com som de <em>a<\/em> e recebe <strong>\u306a\u3044<\/strong>. A termina\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>\u3046<\/strong> \u00e9 o caso especial: muda para <strong>\u308f<\/strong>, n\u00e3o para \u3042.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Termina\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th><th>Mudan\u00e7a<\/th><th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\u3046<\/td><td>\u308f\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u8cb7\u3046 \u2192 \u8cb7\u308f\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u304f<\/td><td>\u304b\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u66f8\u304f \u2192 \u66f8\u304b\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3050<\/td><td>\u304c\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u6cf3\u3050 \u2192 \u6cf3\u304c\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3059<\/td><td>\u3055\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u8a71\u3059 \u2192 \u8a71\u3055\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3064<\/td><td>\u305f\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u5f85\u3064 \u2192 \u5f85\u305f\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u306c\u30fb\u3076\u30fb\u3080<\/td><td>\u306a\u306a\u3044\u30fb\u3070\u306a\u3044\u30fb\u307e\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u6b7b\u306c \u2192 \u6b7b\u306a\u306a\u3044; \u8aad\u3080 \u2192 \u8aad\u307e\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u308b<\/td><td>\u3089\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u5e30\u308b \u2192 \u5e30\u3089\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p><strong>\u3042\u308b<\/strong> \u00e9 especial: sua negativa simples \u00e9 <strong>\u306a\u3044<\/strong>, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 <span aria-label=\"forma incorreta\">\u3042\u3089\u306a\u3044<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Grupos 2 e 3<\/h3>\n\n<p>No Grupo 2, retire <strong>\u308b<\/strong> e acrescente <strong>\u306a\u3044<\/strong>: <strong>\u898b\u308b \u2192 \u898b\u306a\u3044<\/strong> e <strong>\u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044<\/strong>. No Grupo 3, memorize os dois padr\u00f5es centrais: <strong>\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u306a\u3044<\/strong> e <strong>\u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u306a\u3044\uff08\u3053\u306a\u3044\uff09<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como formar o passado afirmativo<\/h2>\n\n<p>O passado simples do Grupo 1 segue os mesmos agrupamentos sonoros da forma \u3066. O <a href=\"https:\/\/a2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/reference\/002.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ap\u00eandice de conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o verbal do Marugoto<\/a> permite comparar as formas de dicion\u00e1rio, \u3066, \u305f e \u306a\u3044 lado a lado.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Final do Grupo 1<\/th><th>\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435<\/th><th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\u3046\u30fb\u3064\u30fb\u308b<\/td><td>\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\u8cb7\u3046 \u2192 \u8cb7\u3063\u305f; \u5f85\u3064 \u2192 \u5f85\u3063\u305f; \u5e30\u308b \u2192 \u5e30\u3063\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3080\u30fb\u3076\u30fb\u306c<\/td><td>\u3093\u3060<\/td><td>\u8aad\u3080 \u2192 \u8aad\u3093\u3060; \u904a\u3076 \u2192 \u904a\u3093\u3060; \u6b7b\u306c \u2192 \u6b7b\u3093\u3060<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u304f<\/td><td>\u3044\u305f<\/td><td>\u66f8\u304f \u2192 \u66f8\u3044\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3050<\/td><td>\u3044\u3060<\/td><td>\u6cf3\u3050 \u2192 \u6cf3\u3044\u3060<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3059<\/td><td>\u3057\u305f<\/td><td>\u8a71\u3059 \u2192 \u8a71\u3057\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>A exce\u00e7\u00e3o mais frequente \u00e9 <strong>\u884c\u304f \u2192 \u884c\u3063\u305f<\/strong>. No Grupo 2, retire \u308b e acrescente \u305f: <strong>\u898b\u308b \u2192 \u898b\u305f<\/strong> e <strong>\u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u305f<\/strong>. No Grupo 3, use <strong>\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u305f<\/strong> e <strong>\u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u305f\uff08\u304d\u305f\uff09<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads10-->\n\n<h2>Como formar o passado negativo<\/h2>\n\n<p>Depois de produzir a forma em <strong>\u306a\u3044<\/strong>, retire o <strong>\u3044<\/strong> final e acrescente <strong>\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong>. O procedimento vale para os tr\u00eas grupos:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u66f8\u304b\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u66f8\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong> (n\u00e3o escreveu);<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong> (n\u00e3o comeu);<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3057\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong> (n\u00e3o fez);<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6765\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u6765\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong>\uff08\u3053\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f, n\u00e3o veio\uff09;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong> (n\u00e3o houve; n\u00e3o existiu, para \u3042\u308b).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Essa regularidade \u00e9 \u00fatil: em vez de decorar outra tabela inteira, voc\u00ea parte da negativa n\u00e3o-passada que j\u00e1 conhece.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Quando usar a forma simples<\/h2>\n\n<p>No fim da ora\u00e7\u00e3o principal, o estilo simples \u00e9 comum em conversas casuais. A escolha depende da rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre as pessoas e da situa\u00e7\u00e3o, n\u00e3o apenas de uma lista fixa de \u201camigos e fam\u00edlia\u201d. O material <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/pre-intermediate\/pdf\/ZZ_L09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori sobre os estilos polido e simples<\/a> enfatiza justamente essa adequa\u00e7\u00e3o ao interlocutor e ao contexto.<\/p>\n\n<p>Em uma conversa entre pessoas pr\u00f3ximas:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A: \u660e\u65e5\u3001\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u306b\u884c\u304f\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u3042\u3057\u305f\u3001\u3068\u3057\u3087\u304b\u3093\u306b\u3044\u304f\uff1f<br \/><em>Ashita, toshokan ni iku?<\/em><br \/>Vai \u00e0 biblioteca amanh\u00e3?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B: \u3046\u3093\u3001\u884c\u304f\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Un, iku.<\/em><br \/>Sim, vou.<\/p>\n\n<p>Mas a forma simples tamb\u00e9m aparece dentro de frases polidas, antes de elementos que exigem essa conex\u00e3o:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304f\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u306b\u307b\u3093\u3078\u3044\u304f\u3068\u304a\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Nihon e iku to omoimasu.<\/em><br \/>Acho que vou ao Jap\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u884c\u304f<\/strong> est\u00e1 na forma simples antes de <strong>\u3068<\/strong>, enquanto <strong>\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/strong> mant\u00e9m o final polido. Isso mostra por que \u201cforma simples\u201d e \u201cfala informal\u201d n\u00e3o s\u00e3o exatamente a mesma coisa.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Forma simples antes de substantivos e outras estruturas<\/h2>\n\n<p>As quatro formas simples podem modificar diretamente um substantivo. As <a href=\"https:\/\/a2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/description\/016.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">notas do Marugoto sobre verbo + substantivo<\/a> mostram o contraste completo entre <strong>\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/strong>, <strong>\u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044<\/strong>, <strong>\u98df\u3079\u305f<\/strong> e <strong>\u98df\u3079\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u671d\u3054\u306f\u3093\u3092\u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3042\u3055\u3054\u306f\u3093\u3092\u305f\u3079\u306a\u3044\u3072\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Asa-gohan o tabenai hito desu.<\/em><br \/>\u00c9 uma pessoa que n\u00e3o toma caf\u00e9 da manh\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n<p>Outras constru\u00e7\u00f5es frequentes incluem:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>verbo + \u3053\u3068:<\/strong> \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068 (estudar japon\u00eas);<\/li>\n<li><strong>ora\u00e7\u00e3o + \u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059:<\/strong> \u6765\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059 (acho que vir\u00e1);<\/li>\n<li><strong>ora\u00e7\u00e3o + \u3093\u3067\u3059:<\/strong> \u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u805e\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3093\u3067\u3059 (\u00e9 que eu gostaria de perguntar algo);<\/li>\n<li><strong>verbo + substantivo:<\/strong> \u6628\u65e5\u8cb7\u3063\u305f\u672c (o livro que comprei ontem).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Para construir ora\u00e7\u00f5es completas com esses elementos, consulte tamb\u00e9m o guia sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/%d1%8f%d0%ba-%d0%b1%d1%83%d0%b4%d1%83%d0%b2%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b8-%d1%80%d0%b5%d1%87%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%bd%d1%8f-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d1%8c%d0%ba%d0%be%d1%8e-%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%be%d1%8e\/\">\u044f\u043a \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Erros comuns com a forma simples<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Chamar a forma de dicion\u00e1rio de infinitivo:<\/strong> a compara\u00e7\u00e3o pode ajudar no in\u00edcio, mas n\u00e3o descreve todas as fun\u00e7\u00f5es japonesas.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Confundir forma simples com uma \u00fanica termina\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/strong> ela inclui \u308b, \u306a\u3044, \u305f e \u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f, conforme tempo e polaridade.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Traduzir o n\u00e3o-passado sempre como presente:<\/strong> <strong>\u660e\u65e5\u884c\u304f<\/strong> normalmente indica futuro.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Classificar todo verbo em -iru ou -eru como Grupo 2:<\/strong> confirme exce\u00e7\u00f5es como \u5e30\u308b e \u8d70\u308b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Usar a forma simples no fim de qualquer conversa:<\/strong> avalie rela\u00e7\u00e3o, situa\u00e7\u00e3o e grau de polidez esperado.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Inserir espa\u00e7os dentro da conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/strong> escreva <strong>\u8cb7\u308f\u306a\u3044<\/strong>, not <span aria-label=\"forma incorreta\">\u8cb7\u308f \u306a\u3044<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Exerc\u00edcio comentado<\/h2>\n\n<p>Transforme cada verbo nas quatro formas: n\u00e3o-passado afirmativo, n\u00e3o-passado negativo, passado afirmativo e passado negativo.<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u66f8\u304f:<\/strong> \u66f8\u304f\u30fb\u66f8\u304b\u306a\u3044\u30fb\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u30fb\u66f8\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u98df\u3079\u308b:<\/strong> \u98df\u3079\u308b\u30fb\u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044\u30fb\u98df\u3079\u305f\u30fb\u98df\u3079\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u884c\u304f:<\/strong> \u884c\u304f\u30fb\u884c\u304b\u306a\u3044\u30fb\u884c\u3063\u305f\u30fb\u884c\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f. O passado afirmativo \u00e9 especial.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3059\u308b:<\/strong> \u3059\u308b\u30fb\u3057\u306a\u3044\u30fb\u3057\u305f\u30fb\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6765\u308b:<\/strong> \u6765\u308b\uff08\u304f\u308b\uff09\u30fb\u6765\u306a\u3044\uff08\u3053\u306a\u3044\uff09\u30fb\u6765\u305f\uff08\u304d\u305f\uff09\u30fb\u6765\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff08\u3053\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff09.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>Como regra de consulta r\u00e1pida: identifique o grupo, forme a negativa em \u306a\u3044, forme o passado em \u305f e derive o passado negativo trocando o \u3044 de \u306a\u3044 por \u304b\u3063\u305f.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438<\/h2>\n\n<p>Depois de dominar as quatro formas simples, compare-as com a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/%d1%84%d0%be%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b0-%d0%bc%d0%b0%d1%81%d1%83-%d0%b4%d1%96%d1%94%d1%81%d0%bb%d1%96%d0%b2-%d1%83-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d1%8c%d0%ba%d1%96%d0%b9-%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%b2%d1%96\/\">\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u044e \u307e\u3059 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0432<\/a>. Em seguida, pratique a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/%d0%b7%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b7%d1%83%d0%bc%d1%96%d0%b9-%d1%81%d0%b2%d0%be%d1%97%d0%bc%d0%b8-%d0%be%d1%87%d0%b8%d0%bc%d0%b0-%d0%b2-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%96%d1%97\/\">forma \u3066<\/a> \u0456 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/%d0%bf%d0%be%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bd%d1%86%d1%96%d0%b9%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d1%84%d0%be%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b0-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d1%8c%d0%ba%d0%b8%d1%85-%d0%b4%d1%96%d1%94%d1%81%d0%bb%d1%96%d0%b2\/\">forma potencial<\/a>. Para rever o lugar dessas formas no sistema do idioma, retorne aos <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/%d0%b1%d0%b0%d0%b7%d0%be%d0%b2%d1%83-%d0%b3%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%bc%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%ba%d1%83-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d1%8c%d0%ba%d0%be%d1%97-%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b8\/\">\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-9d22e4e2ee8ce\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u042f\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044f \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u044e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0443, \u044f\u043a-\u043e\u0442 \u66f8\u304f \u0442\u0430 \u98df\u3079\u308b. \u041d\u0430\u0431\u0456\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u043d\u0430 \u306a\u3044, \u305f \u0442\u0430 \u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-e13f8d7309ae3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0427\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0436\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u041d\u0456. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0446\u0456 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0454 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044e \u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u0437'\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0448\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0442 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e + \u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a, \uff5e\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059 \u0442\u0430 \uff5e\u3093\u3067\u3059, \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0447\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0432\u0456\u0447\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-a5d845164eeba\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0427\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0454 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0447\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0412\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0454 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u044e \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0443. \u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0454 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0443. \u6bce\u65e5\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0454 \u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0443; \u660e\u65e5\u884c\u304f \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0454 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0454.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-6e747724149b3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u042f\u043a \u0443\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0456\u0442\u044c \u0456\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u306a\u3044, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0456\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0435 \u3044 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u304b\u3063\u305f: \u66f8\u304b\u306a\u3044 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0454 \u66f8\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f, \u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0454 \u98df\u3079\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f, \u3057\u306a\u3044 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0454 \u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f, \u0430 \u6765\u306a\u3044 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0454 \u6765\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-3e06913bb8830\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0427\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0447\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 iru \u0430\u0431\u043e eru, \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0438 2?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u041d\u0456. \u0426\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430. \u0414\u0456\u0454\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u044f\u043a-\u043e\u0442 \u5e30\u308b, \u8d70\u308b, \u5207\u308b \u0442\u0430 \u8981\u308b, \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e \u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0438 1 \u0456 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0443 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u0437 \u3089\u306a\u3044.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412\u0438\u0432\u0447\u0456\u0442\u044c \u0447\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0432, \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u044e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043d, \u0456\u0442\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456, \u0456 \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0456\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1752,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1751","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1751","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1751"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1751\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4420,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1751\/revisions\/4420"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1752"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1751"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1751"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1751"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}