{"id":1756,"date":"2009-11-03T05:41:50","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T07:41:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1756"},"modified":"2026-08-15T13:40:26","modified_gmt":"2026-08-15T16:40:26","slug":"%d1%84%d0%be%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b0-%d0%bc%d0%b0%d1%81%d1%83-%d0%b4%d1%96%d1%94%d1%81%d0%bb%d1%96%d0%b2-%d1%83-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d1%8c%d0%ba%d1%96%d0%b9-%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%b2%d1%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/uk\/forma-masu-dos-verbos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0443 \u0432 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0439: \u307e\u3059, \u307e\u305b\u3093, \u307e\u3057\u305f \u0442\u0430 \u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f"},"content":{"rendered":"

A \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0443<\/strong> \u00e9 o padr\u00e3o polido mais importante para come\u00e7ar a conjugar verbos em japon\u00eas. Ela organiza quatro combina\u00e7\u00f5es b\u00e1sicas: \u307e\u3059<\/strong> no n\u00e3o-passado afirmativo, \u307e\u305b\u3093<\/strong> no n\u00e3o-passado negativo, \u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong> no passado afirmativo e \u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/strong> no passado negativo.<\/p>\n\n

Essas termina\u00e7\u00f5es aparecem com frequ\u00eancia em aulas, atendimento, trabalho e conversas com pessoas que voc\u00ea ainda n\u00e3o conhece bem. \u201cN\u00e3o-passado\u201d \u00e9 o termo mais preciso porque a mesma forma pode indicar presente habitual ou futuro, conforme o contexto.<\/p>\n\n

O que \u00e9 a forma masu?<\/h2>\n\n

A forma masu \u00e9 a forma polida dos verbos. Ela permite afirmar ou negar uma a\u00e7\u00e3o no n\u00e3o-passado e no passado sem precisar reconstruir o verbo a cada frase. O \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044f \u0432\u0432\u0456\u0447\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c Marugoto<\/a>, da Japan Foundation, organiza exatamente essas quatro combina\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Tempo e polaridade<\/th>\u0417\u0430\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f<\/th>Exemplo com \u98df\u3079\u308b<\/th>\u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u041d\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/td>\u307e\u3059<\/td>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/td>como \/ vou comer<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u041d\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/td>\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/td>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/td>n\u00e3o como \/ n\u00e3o vou comer<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435<\/td>\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/td>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/td>\u042f \u0437'\u0457\u0432<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u041d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435<\/td>\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/td>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/td>n\u00e3o comi<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

A termina\u00e7\u00e3o expressa polidez, tempo e afirma\u00e7\u00e3o ou nega\u00e7\u00e3o. O significado lexical continua no verbo: \u98df\u3079 indica \u201ccomer\u201d, enquanto a parte final informa como essa a\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 apresentada.<\/p>\n\n

Quando usar o estilo polido em japon\u00eas<\/h2>\n\n

O japon\u00eas alterna entre estilo polido e estilo simples de acordo com a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre as pessoas e a situa\u00e7\u00e3o. A explica\u00e7\u00e3o do Irodori sobre estilos de fala<\/a> mostra o uso de \u3067\u3059 e \u307e\u3059 com pessoas pouco pr\u00f3ximas, em primeiros encontros ou ao falar com algu\u00e9m hierarquicamente superior.<\/p>\n\n

Isso n\u00e3o significa que a forma masu esteja limitada a cerim\u00f4nias ou ambientes muito formais. Para um iniciante, ela funciona como um registro educado e seguro em muitas intera\u00e7\u00f5es cotidianas. Em uma conversa entre amigos pr\u00f3ximos, a forma simples dos verbos<\/a> pode soar mais natural; em um atendimento ou conversa com desconhecidos, a forma polida costuma ser a escolha adequada.<\/p>\n\n

Tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 importante separar polidez de linguagem honor\u00edfica. Terminar um verbo em \u307e\u3059 torna a frase polida, mas n\u00e3o transforma automaticamente o vocabul\u00e1rio em keigo<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n

Como formar \u307e\u3059 em cada grupo verbal<\/h2>\n\n

Antes de conjugar, identifique se o verbo \u00e9 godan, ichidan ou irregular. Se essa classifica\u00e7\u00e3o ainda causa d\u00favida, revise os \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0438 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u0432 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0432\u0456<\/a>. A termina\u00e7\u00e3o em \u308b, sozinha, n\u00e3o basta para decidir o grupo.<\/p>\n\n

Verbos godan: passe da linha U para a linha I<\/h3>\n\n

Nos verbos godan, troque o \u00faltimo kana pela forma correspondente da linha I e acrescente \u307e\u3059. Esse procedimento produz a base usada por todas as termina\u00e7\u00f5es polidas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Final<\/th>\u0417\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430<\/th>\u0414\u0456\u0454\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e<\/th>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u307e\u3059<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u3046<\/td>\u3046 \u2192 \u3044<\/td>\u8cb7\u3046 (kau)<\/td>\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059 (kaimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u304f<\/td>\u304f \u2192 \u304d<\/td>\u66f8\u304f (kaku)<\/td>\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059 (kakimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u3050<\/td>\u3050 \u2192 \u304e<\/td>\u6cf3\u3050 (oyogu)<\/td>\u6cf3\u304e\u307e\u3059 (oyogimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u3059<\/td>\u3059 \u2192 \u3057<\/td>\u8a71\u3059 (hanasu)<\/td>\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3059 (hanashimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u3064<\/td>\u3064 \u2192 \u3061<\/td>\u5f85\u3064 (matsu)<\/td>\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u3059 (machimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u306c<\/td>\u306c \u2192 \u306b<\/td>\u6b7b\u306c (shinu)<\/td>\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u3059 (shinimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u3076<\/td>\u3076 \u2192 \u3073<\/td>\u904a\u3076 (asobu)<\/td>\u904a\u3073\u307e\u3059 (asobimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u3080<\/td>\u3080 \u2192 \u307f<\/td>\u98f2\u3080 (nomu)<\/td>\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059 (nomimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u308b<\/td>\u308b \u2192 \u308a<\/td>\u5e30\u308b (kaeru)<\/td>\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3059 (kaerimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

Verbos ichidan: retire \u308b<\/h3>\n\n

Nos verbos ichidan, retire o \u308b final e acrescente \u307e\u3059: \u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059, \u898b\u308b \u2192 \u898b\u307e\u3059 e \u8d77\u304d\u308b \u2192 \u8d77\u304d\u307e\u3059. N\u00e3o aplique essa regra automaticamente a todo verbo terminado em -iru<\/em> \u0430\u0431\u043e -eru<\/em>: \u5e30\u308b, \u5165\u308b e \u8d70\u308b, por exemplo, s\u00e3o godan.<\/p>\n\n

Verbos irregulares<\/h3>\n\n

Os dois padr\u00f5es centrais do grupo irregular s\u00e3o est\u00e1veis: \u3059\u308b torna-se \u3057\u307e\u3059, e \u6765\u308b (\u304f\u308b, \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0443<\/em>) torna-se \u6765\u307e\u3059 (\u304d\u307e\u3059, kimasu<\/em>). Em verbos compostos com \u3059\u308b, a mesma transforma\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 mantida: \u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059.<\/p>\n\n

O \u0414\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0456\u0437 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0434\u0456\u0454\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0432 Marugoto<\/a> permite comparar a forma \u307e\u3059, a base sem \u307e\u3059 e as formas de dicion\u00e1rio, \u3066, \u305f e \u306a\u3044 nos tr\u00eas grupos.<\/p>\n\n

Como formar \u307e\u305b\u3093, \u307e\u3057\u305f e \u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/h2>\n\n

Depois de encontrar a base, escolha a termina\u00e7\u00e3o que combina tempo e polaridade. N\u00e3o \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio memorizar uma regra diferente para cada grupo: a diferen\u00e7a entre os grupos est\u00e1 na forma\u00e7\u00e3o da base; as quatro termina\u00e7\u00f5es polidas s\u00e3o regulares.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u0414\u0456\u0454\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e<\/th>\u307e\u3059<\/th>\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/th>\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/th>\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u66f8\u304f<\/td>\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/td>\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/td>\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/td>\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/td>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/td>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/td>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/td>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u3059\u308b<\/td>\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/td>\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/td>\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/td>\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u6765\u308b<\/td>\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/td>\u6765\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/td>\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/td>\u6765\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

A base sem \u307e\u3059 tamb\u00e9m participa de outras estruturas. O Irodori mostra a base de \u307e\u3059 antes de \u65b9<\/a>, como em \u66f8\u304d\u65b9, \u201cmodo de escrever\u201d. Isso ajuda a perceber que \u66f8\u304d \u00e9 uma base \u00fatil, e n\u00e3o uma palavra completa independente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O n\u00e3o-passado pode indicar presente ou futuro<\/h2>\n\n

\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059 n\u00e3o corresponde apenas a \u201ccomo\u201d. Dependendo de uma express\u00e3o de tempo ou da situa\u00e7\u00e3o, tamb\u00e9m pode significar \u201cvou comer\u201d. O japon\u00eas n\u00e3o cria uma termina\u00e7\u00e3o futura separada nesse paradigma.<\/p>\n\n

\u0429\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0443 \u044f \u043f'\u044e \u043a\u0430\u0432\u0443.<\/strong>
\u307e\u3044\u3042\u3055\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u3092\u306e\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u041c\u0430\u044f\u0441\u0430, \u044f \u043f'\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0445\u0456.<\/em>
Eu tomo caf\u00e9 todas as manh\u00e3s.<\/p>\n\n

\u660e\u65e5\u3001\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong>
\u3042\u3057\u305f\u3001\u3068\u3057\u3087\u304b\u3093\u3078\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
Ashita, toshokan e ikimasu.<\/em>
Amanh\u00e3, vou \u00e0 biblioteca.<\/p>\n\n

\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u8089\u3092\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/strong>
\u304d\u3087\u3046\u306f\u306b\u304f\u3092\u305f\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
Ky\u014d wa niku o tabemasen.<\/em>
Hoje, n\u00e3o vou comer carne.<\/p>\n\n

As express\u00f5es \u6bce\u671d, \u660e\u65e5 e \u4eca\u65e5 orientam a interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o. Sem contexto, a forma n\u00e3o-passada continua compat\u00edvel tanto com h\u00e1bitos e fatos gerais quanto com a\u00e7\u00f5es futuras.<\/p>\n\n

Como usar a forma masu em frases<\/h2>\n\n

Em uma ora\u00e7\u00e3o independente, o verbo geralmente aparece no final. Part\u00edculas continuam marcando as rela\u00e7\u00f5es entre os elementos; o guia sobre \u044f\u043a \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e<\/a> aprofunda essa organiza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n

\u6628\u65e5\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong>
\u304d\u306e\u3046\u3001\u306b\u307b\u3093\u3054\u3092\u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002
Kin\u014d, nihongo o benky\u014d shimashita.<\/em>
Ontem, estudei japon\u00eas.<\/p>\n\n

\u5148\u9031\u306e\u65e5\u66dc\u65e5\u306f\u50cd\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong>
\u305b\u3093\u3057\u3085\u3046\u306e\u306b\u3061\u3088\u3046\u3073\u306f\u306f\u305f\u3089\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002
Sensh\u016b no nichiy\u014dbi wa hatarakimasen deshita.<\/em>
No domingo passado, n\u00e3o trabalhei.<\/p>\n\n

Mini di\u00e1logo<\/h3>\n\n

A: \u6bce\u65e5\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
\u307e\u3044\u306b\u3061\u3001\u306b\u307b\u3093\u3054\u3092\u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002
Mainichi, nihongo o benky\u014d shimasu ka?<\/em>
Voc\u00ea estuda japon\u00eas todos os dias?<\/p>\n\n

B: \u306f\u3044\u3001\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u6628\u65e5\u306f\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong>
\u306f\u3044\u3001\u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u304d\u306e\u3046\u306f\u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002
Hai, benky\u014d shimasu. Demo, kin\u014d wa benky\u014d shimasen deshita.<\/em>
Sim, estudo. Mas ontem n\u00e3o estudei.<\/p>\n\n

Forma masu e forma simples n\u00e3o ocupam sempre o mesmo lugar<\/h2>\n\n

A forma masu \u00e9 apropriada para encerrar o predicado de uma ora\u00e7\u00e3o em estilo polido. Antes de um substantivo, por\u00e9m, usa-se a forma simples: \u65e5\u672c\u3067\u50cd\u304f\u4eba\u3067\u3059 significa \u201c\u00e9 uma pessoa que trabalha no Jap\u00e3o\u201d. A sequ\u00eancia \u50cd\u304d\u307e\u3059\u4eba<\/strong> n\u00e3o funciona nessa posi\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n

Por isso, uma frase polida pode conter uma forma simples dentro dela e terminar em \u3067\u3059 ou \u307e\u3059. Essa diferen\u00e7a evita a ideia equivocada de que todas as formas verbais de uma frase precisam receber \u307e\u3059.<\/p>\n\n

Erros comuns ao conjugar a forma masu<\/h2>\n\n