{"id":1098,"date":"2009-11-01T17:21:51","date_gmt":"2009-11-01T19:21:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1098"},"modified":"2026-08-08T19:54:53","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T22:54:53","slug":"bang-chu-cai-tieng-nhat-hiragana-va-katakana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/vi\/alfabeto-japones-hiragana-e-katakana\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt: b\u1ea3ng hiragana v\u00e0 katakana"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt<\/strong> bao g\u1ed3m hai b\u1ed9 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ng\u1eef \u00e2m: hiragana<\/strong> v\u00e0 katakana<\/strong>. Hai b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y n\u00f3i chung bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau. Trang n\u00e0y t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1ch phi\u00ean \u00e2m Latinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a kana.<\/p>\n\n

Theo ngh\u0129a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, hiragana v\u00e0 katakana kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Latinh. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kana<\/em>: m\u1ed7i k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t mora, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cb\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt\u201d v\u1eabn h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ban \u0111\u1ea7u, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft kana v\u00e0 kanji xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/a>. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 tra c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u hiragana v\u00e0 katakana song song.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hiragana v\u00e0 katakana l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n

O hiragana<\/strong> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb, \u0111u\u00f4i ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1c t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kanji v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 furigana<\/em>. . katakana<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c t\u1eeb vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1eeb ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c, t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 tra c\u1ee9u t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, h\u00e3y xem b\u1ea3ng hiragana \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/a> v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng katakana \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n hiragana v\u00e0 katakana<\/h2>\n\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng theo c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean \u00e2m a, i, u, e, o<\/em>. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean \u00e2m n\u00e0y v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m. C\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng trong b\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u00e2m kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
H\u00e0ng<\/th>Phi\u00ean \u00e2m Latinh<\/th>Hiragana<\/th>Katakana<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Nguy\u00ean \u00e2m<\/td>a, i, u, e, o<\/td>\u3042 \u3044 \u3046 \u3048 \u304a<\/td>\u30a2 \u30a4 \u30a6 \u30a8 \u30aa<\/td><\/tr>\n
K<\/td>ka, ki, ku, ke, ko<\/td>\u304b \u304d \u304f \u3051 \u3053<\/td>\u30ab \u30ad \u30af \u30b1 \u30b3<\/td><\/tr>\n
S<\/td>sa, shi, su, se, so<\/td>\u3055 \u3057 \u3059 \u305b \u305d<\/td>\u30b5 \u30b7 \u30b9 \u30bb \u30bd<\/td><\/tr>\n
T<\/td>ta, chi, tsu, te, to<\/td>\u305f \u3061 \u3064 \u3066 \u3068<\/td>\u30bf \u30c1 \u30c4 \u30c6 \u30c8<\/td><\/tr>\n
N<\/td>na, ni, nu, ne, no<\/td>\u306a \u306b \u306c \u306d \u306e<\/td>\u30ca \u30cb \u30cc \u30cd \u30ce<\/td><\/tr>\n
H<\/td>ha, hi, fu, he, ho<\/td>\u306f \u3072 \u3075 \u3078 \u307b<\/td>\u30cf \u30d2 \u30d5 \u30d8 \u30db<\/td><\/tr>\n
M<\/td>ma, mi, mu, me, mo<\/td>\u307e \u307f \u3080 \u3081 \u3082<\/td>\u30de \u30df \u30e0 \u30e1 \u30e2<\/td><\/tr>\n
Y<\/td>ya, yu, yo<\/td>\u3084 \u3086 \u3088<\/td>\u30e4 \u30e6 \u30e8<\/td><\/tr>\n
R<\/td>ra, ri, ru, re, ro<\/td>\u3089 \u308a \u308b \u308c \u308d<\/td>\u30e9 \u30ea \u30eb \u30ec \u30ed<\/td><\/tr>\n
W<\/td>wa, o<\/td>\u308f \u3092<\/td>\u30ef \u30f2<\/td><\/tr>\n
N cu\u1ed1i<\/td>n<\/td>\u3093<\/td>\u30f3<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kana c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u201cwu\u201d. C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u3090\/\u30f0 (wi<\/em>) v\u00e0 \u3091\/\u30f1 (we<\/em>) c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ea3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. C\u00f2n \u3092\/\u30f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 wo<\/em> trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p g\u00f5, nh\u01b0ng trong ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u00e2m l\u00e0 o<\/em> khi \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m c\u00e1c kana<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c phi\u00ean \u00e2m gi\u00fap \u00edch l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1eebng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi \u00e2m thanh. B\u1ed1n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd: \u3057 l\u00e0 shi<\/em>, \u3061 l\u00e0 chi<\/em>, \u3064 l\u00e0 tsu<\/em> v\u00e0 \u3075 l\u00e0 fu<\/em>, v\u1edbi \u00e2m x\u00e1t nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n \u00e2m \u201cf\u201d th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong ti\u1ebfng B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha.<\/p>\n\n

H\u00e0ng R \u2014 \u3089, \u308a, \u308b, \u308c, \u308d \u2014 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea1m nhanh c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee1i, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u00e2m R m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u00e2m L trong ti\u1ebfng B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha. \u00c2m \u3093 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo \u00e2m ti\u1ebfp theo; h\u00e3y h\u1ecdc n\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n\n

A b\u1ea3ng kana ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Irodori, thu\u1ed9c Japan Foundation<\/a>, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean \u00e2m d\u00e0i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m k\u00e9p. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch phi\u00ean \u00e2m c\u1ee7a trang n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Dakuten v\u00e0 handakuten: \u00e2m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h2>\n\n

K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u309b \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 dakuten<\/strong> v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng. V\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n nh\u1ecf \u309c l\u00e0 handakuten<\/strong> v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng P. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u thanh nh\u01b0 trong ti\u1ebfng B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha; ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u00e2m c\u1ee7a kana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<\/th>Phi\u00ean \u00e2m Latinh<\/th>Hiragana<\/th>Katakana<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
K \u2192 G<\/td>ga, gi, gu, ge, go<\/td>\u304c \u304e \u3050 \u3052 \u3054<\/td>\u30ac \u30ae \u30b0 \u30b2 \u30b4<\/td><\/tr>\n
S \u2192 Z<\/td>za, ji, zu, ze, zo<\/td>\u3056 \u3058 \u305a \u305c \u305e<\/td>\u30b6 \u30b8 \u30ba \u30bc \u30be<\/td><\/tr>\n
T \u2192 D<\/td>da, ji, zu, de, do<\/td>\u3060 \u3062 \u3065 \u3067 \u3069<\/td>\u30c0 \u30c2 \u30c5 \u30c7 \u30c9<\/td><\/tr>\n
H \u2192 B<\/td>ba, bi, bu, be, bo<\/td>\u3070 \u3073 \u3076 \u3079 \u307c<\/td>\u30d0 \u30d3 \u30d6 \u30d9 \u30dc<\/td><\/tr>\n
H \u2192 P<\/td>pa, pi, pu, pe, po<\/td>\u3071 \u3074 \u3077 \u307a \u307d<\/td>\u30d1 \u30d4 \u30d7 \u30da \u30dd<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

Trong c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n nay, \u3058 v\u00e0 \u3062 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u00e2m gi\u1ed1ng ji<\/em>, c\u00f2n \u305a v\u00e0 \u3065 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u00e2m gi\u1ed1ng zu<\/em>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft tr\u1edf n\u00ean ho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: m\u1ed7i t\u1eeb v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi \u3062 v\u00e0 \u3065 \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n

Y\u014don: t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u3083, \u3085 v\u00e0 \u3087 nh\u1ecf<\/h2>\n\n

O y\u014don<\/strong> k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t kana \u1edf c\u1ed9t I v\u1edbi \u3083, \u3085 ho\u1eb7c \u3087 \u1edf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i duy nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hai \u00e2m ti\u1ebft ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. So s\u00e1nh \u304d\u3084 (kiya<\/em>) v\u1edbi \u304d\u3083 (kya<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Nh\u00f3m<\/th>Hiragana<\/th>Katakana<\/th>Phi\u00ean \u00e2m Latinh<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
K<\/td>\u304d\u3083 \u304d\u3085 \u304d\u3087<\/td>\u30ad\u30e3 \u30ad\u30e5 \u30ad\u30e7<\/td>kya, kyu, kyo<\/td><\/tr>\n
S<\/td>\u3057\u3083 \u3057\u3085 \u3057\u3087<\/td>\u30b7\u30e3 \u30b7\u30e5 \u30b7\u30e7<\/td>sha, shu, sho<\/td><\/tr>\n
T<\/td>\u3061\u3083 \u3061\u3085 \u3061\u3087<\/td>\u30c1\u30e3 \u30c1\u30e5 \u30c1\u30e7<\/td>cha, chu, cho<\/td><\/tr>\n
N<\/td>\u306b\u3083 \u306b\u3085 \u306b\u3087<\/td>\u30cb\u30e3 \u30cb\u30e5 \u30cb\u30e7<\/td>nya, nyu, nyo<\/td><\/tr>\n
H<\/td>\u3072\u3083 \u3072\u3085 \u3072\u3087<\/td>\u30d2\u30e3 \u30d2\u30e5 \u30d2\u30e7<\/td>hya, hyu, hyo<\/td><\/tr>\n
M<\/td>\u307f\u3083 \u307f\u3085 \u307f\u3087<\/td>\u30df\u30e3 \u30df\u30e5 \u30df\u30e7<\/td>mya, myu, myo<\/td><\/tr>\n
R<\/td>\u308a\u3083 \u308a\u3085 \u308a\u3087<\/td>\u30ea\u30e3 \u30ea\u30e5 \u30ea\u30e7<\/td>rya, ryu, ryo<\/td><\/tr>\n
G<\/td>\u304e\u3083 \u304e\u3085 \u304e\u3087<\/td>\u30ae\u30e3 \u30ae\u30e5 \u30ae\u30e7<\/td>gya, gyu, gyo<\/td><\/tr>\n
J<\/td>\u3058\u3083 \u3058\u3085 \u3058\u3087<\/td>\u30b8\u30e3 \u30b8\u30e5 \u30b8\u30e7<\/td>ja, ju, jo<\/td><\/tr>\n
B<\/td>\u3073\u3083 \u3073\u3085 \u3073\u3087<\/td>\u30d3\u30e3 \u30d3\u30e5 \u30d3\u30e7<\/td>bya, byu, byo<\/td><\/tr>\n
P<\/td>\u3074\u3083 \u3074\u3085 \u3074\u3087<\/td>\u30d4\u30e3 \u30d4\u30e5 \u30d4\u30e7<\/td>pya, pyu, pyo<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

\u3063, \u30c3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m k\u00e9p<\/h2>\n\n

D\u1ea5u \u3063 ho\u1eb7c \u30c3 nh\u1ecf bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng d\u1eebng ng\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m ti\u1ebfp theo. Trong c\u00e1ch phi\u00ean \u00e2m, ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft k\u00e9p. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u304d\u3063\u3066 l\u00e0 kitte<\/em> (\u201ctem th\u01b0\u201d) v\u00e0 \u30ab\u30c3\u30d7 l\u00e0 kappu<\/em> (\u201cc\u1ed1c\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201ct\u00e1ch\u201d). D\u1ea5u nh\u1ecf c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi \u3064\/\u30c4 \u1edf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb nguy\u00ean \u00e2m d\u00e0i<\/h2>\n\n

Trong hiragana, nguy\u00ean \u00e2m d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo t\u1eeb. \u00c2m E d\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u3044, v\u00e0 \u00e2m O d\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u3046, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u305b\u3093\u305b\u3044 (sensei<\/em>) ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t \u00e2m E d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u304c\u3063\u3053\u3046 (gakk\u014d<\/em>) ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t \u00e2m O d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n

Trong katakana, d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch \u30fc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng: \u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc (k\u014dh\u012b<\/em>, \u201cc\u00e0 ph\u00ea\u201d) v\u00e0 \u30b1\u30fc\u30ad (k\u0113ki<\/em>, \u201cb\u00e1nh ng\u1ecdt\u201d). \u0110\u1eebng b\u1ecf qua \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i: m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean \u00e2m ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean \u00e2m d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n\n

N\u00ean h\u1ecdc hiragana v\u00e0 katakana theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u hiragana tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc. Marugoto<\/a> kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 gi\u1eefa hiragana v\u00e0 katakana c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  1. H\u1ecdc n\u0103m nguy\u00ean \u00e2m v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng mora.<\/li>\n
  2. H\u1ecdc t\u1eebng h\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t, \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eafn.<\/li>\n
  3. Luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp hiragana v\u00e0 katakana m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o romaji.<\/li>\n
  4. Th\u00eam dakuten, handakuten, y\u014don, \u3063\/\u30c3 v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m d\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
  5. \u00d4n t\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng \u00e2m thanh, \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 g\u00f5 trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    O H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecdc hiragana v\u00e0 katakana<\/a> s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc chi ti\u1ebft. Sau \u0111\u00f3, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng, ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n

    Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n\n