{"id":1656,"date":"2009-11-03T04:39:47","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T06:39:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1656"},"modified":"2026-08-21T22:32:35","modified_gmt":"2026-08-22T01:32:35","slug":"dai-tu-nhan-xung-trong-tieng-nhat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/vi\/pronomes-pessoais-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ea1i t\u1eeb trong ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt: c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u79c1, \u50d5, \u4ffa v\u00e0 \u3042\u306a\u305f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c <strong>\u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb trong ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u201ct\u00f4i, b\u1ea1n, anh \u1ea5y, c\u00f4 \u1ea5y\u201d. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 trang tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t n\u00e0y khi ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span> (<em>watashi<\/em>) cho \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng trung l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u201cb\u1ea1n\u201d, \u0111\u1eebng bi\u1ebfn <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u306a\u305f<\/span> (<em>anata<\/em>) th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng: th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u01a1n khi l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y, d\u00f9ng t\u00ean v\u1edbi <span lang=\"ja\">san<\/span> ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c danh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 <span lang=\"ja\">Th\u01b0a th\u1ea7y<\/span> (<em>sensei<\/em>). B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/kotoba.ninjal.ac.jp\/qa\/yokuaru\/qa-245\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Vi\u1ec7n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch x\u01b0ng h\u00f4 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i<\/a> cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1nh trong nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n<h2>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng trong ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Ng\u00f4i<\/th><th>D\u1ea1ng<\/th><th>\u0110\u1ecdc<\/th><th>C\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng chung<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>T\u00f4i<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span><\/td><td><em>watashi<\/em><\/td><td>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trung l\u1eadp v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>T\u00f4i<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span><\/td><td><em>watakushi<\/em><\/td><td>R\u1ea5t trang tr\u1ecdng; c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef kanji \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>T\u00f4i<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u50d5<\/span><\/td><td><em>boku<\/em><\/td><td>Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf nam gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em trai; th\u00e2n m\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>T\u00f4i<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u4ffa<\/span><\/td><td><em>ore<\/em><\/td><td>Th\u00e2n m\u1eadt, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft; ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf nam gi\u1edbi<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>T\u00f4i<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u305f\u3057<\/span><\/td><td><em>atashi<\/em><\/td><td>Th\u00e2n m\u1eadt; th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn v\u1edbi gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>B\u1ea1n<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u306a\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><em>anata<\/em><\/td><td>Mang t\u00ednh ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c xa c\u00e1ch trong h\u1ed9i tho\u1ea1i<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>B\u1ea1n<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u541b<\/span><\/td><td><em>kimi<\/em><\/td><td>Th\u00e2n m\u1eadt; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, ki\u00eau c\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>B\u1ea1n<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u304a\u524d<\/span><\/td><td><em>omae<\/em><\/td><td>R\u1ea5t th\u00e2n m\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed9c l\u1ed1c; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn an to\u00e0n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Anh \u1ea5y<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f7c<\/span><\/td><td><em>kare<\/em><\/td><td>\u201cAnh \u1ea5y\u201d; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n trai<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>C\u00f4 \u1ea5y<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">C\u00f4 \u1ea5y<\/span><\/td><td><em>kanojo<\/em><\/td><td>\u201cC\u00f4 \u1ea5y\u201d; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n g\u00e1i<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u1eef li\u1ec7u do NINJAL tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xen k\u1ebd <span lang=\"ja\">\u4ffa<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u50d5<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span> t\u00f9y theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1. V\u00ec v\u1eady, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n\n<h2>T\u1ea1i sao ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady?<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe trang tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, th\u00e2n m\u1eadt h\u01a1n, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n h\u01a1n khi ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. <a href=\"https:\/\/kotoba.ninjal.ac.jp\/digest\/03\/d-03-05\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a NINJAL v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xen k\u1ebd gi\u1eefa <span lang=\"ja\">\u4ffa<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u50d5<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span><\/a> ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb ng\u1eef t\u00f9y theo m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1eebng t\u1eeb l\u00e0 \u201cnam t\u00ednh\u201d hay \u201cn\u1eef t\u00ednh\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n<h3><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span> \u2014 <em>watashi<\/em><\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1, chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n th\u00e2n m\u1eadt, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nam gi\u1edbi th\u00edch <span lang=\"ja\">\u50d5<\/span> ho\u1eb7c <span lang=\"ja\">\u4ffa<\/span>, trong khi <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 trang tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span> \u201csai\u201d hay \u201cqu\u00e1 n\u1eef t\u00ednh\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">T\u00f4i l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean.<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>T\u00f4i l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh.<\/em><br \/>\nT\u00f4i l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh r\u1ea5t trang tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef kanji c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 <em>watakushi<\/em>. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u nghi l\u1ec5, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n<h3><span lang=\"ja\">\u50d5<\/span> \u2014 <em>boku<\/em><\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u50d5<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi tr\u1ebb em trai v\u00e0 nam gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe \u00edt quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n h\u01a1n <span lang=\"ja\">\u4ffa<\/span>. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n th\u00e2n m\u1eadt v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">Boku wa ashita ikimasu.<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Boku wa ashita ikimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nT\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y mai.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0110u\u00f4i l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span> n\u00e3o obriga o uso de <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span>. N\u00edvel de polidez da frase e escolha da refer\u00eancia pessoal interagem, mas n\u00e3o s\u00e3o a mesma coisa.<\/p>\n\n<h3><span lang=\"ja\">\u4ffa<\/span> \u2014 <em>ore<\/em><\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u4ffa<\/span> \u00e9 uma forma casual e assertiva, muito associada \u00e0 fala masculina. Pode ser natural entre amigos \u00edntimos ou familiares, mas soar inadequada em uma entrevista, numa apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o profissional ou com algu\u00e9m rec\u00e9m-conhecido. Copiar <span lang=\"ja\">\u4ffa<\/span> de anime sem observar a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre os personagens \u00e9 arriscado.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4ffa\u306e\u672c\u3060\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kore wa ore no hon da.<\/em><br \/>\nEste livro \u00e9 meu.<\/p>\n\n<p>A sequ\u00eancia <span lang=\"ja\">\u4ffa\u306e<\/span> mostra que a posse \u00e9 formada com a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/vi\/lien-ket-danh-tu-trong-tieng-nhat\/\">h\u1ea1t <span lang=\"ja\">\u306e<\/span><\/a>. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/vi\/dai-tu-so-huu-trong-tieng-nhat\/\">pronomes possessivos em japon\u00eas<\/a> aprofunda estruturas como <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306e<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u5f7c\u306e<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u306e<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h3><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u305f\u3057<\/span> e outras formas<\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u305f\u3057<\/span> \u00e9 uma variante casual de <span lang=\"ja\">\u308f\u305f\u3057<\/span>, frequentemente associada \u00e0 fala feminina. H\u00e1 ainda formas como <span lang=\"ja\">\u81ea\u5206<\/span> (<em>jibun<\/em>), cujo valor muda conforme regi\u00e3o, grupo e constru\u00e7\u00e3o. Para quem est\u00e1 come\u00e7ando, tentar memorizar todas as possibilidades de uma vez produz mais confus\u00e3o do que flu\u00eancia. O <a href=\"https:\/\/kotoba.ninjal.ac.jp\/qa\/yokuaru\/qa-231\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">levantamento lexical do NINJAL<\/a> re\u00fane v\u00e1rias formas hist\u00f3ricas e atuais e explica que a sele\u00e7\u00e3o depende de atributos do falante, proximidade e respeito.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads10-->\n\n<h2>Como dizer \u201cvoc\u00ea\u201d sem usar sempre <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u306a\u305f<\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u306a\u305f<\/span> significa \u201cvoc\u00ea\u201d, mas n\u00e3o \u00e9 simplesmente \u201ca forma mais formal\u201d. Em perguntas de livros did\u00e1ticos, question\u00e1rios, an\u00fancios ou enunciados gen\u00e9ricos, a palavra pode ser perfeitamente adequada. Ao falar diretamente com algu\u00e9m, por\u00e9m, ela muitas vezes \u00e9 desnecess\u00e1ria e pode criar dist\u00e2ncia, \u00eanfase ou press\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<p>So s\u00e1nh:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Anata wa nihongo o benky\u014d shite imasu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nB\u1ea1n c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n<p>A frase \u00e9 gramatical, mas, se a pergunta j\u00e1 est\u00e1 claramente dirigida ao interlocutor, esta vers\u00e3o costuma ser mais natural:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Nihongo o benky\u014d shite imasu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nEstuda japon\u00eas?<\/p>\n\n<p>Quando o nome \u00e9 conhecido, tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 poss\u00edvel dizer:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Tanaka-san wa nihongo o benky\u014d shite imasu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nTanaka, voc\u00ea estuda japon\u00eas?<\/p>\n\n<p>Se houver um cargo relevante, ele pode ocupar esse lugar: <span lang=\"ja\">Th\u01b0a th\u1ea7y<\/span> para professor ou m\u00e9dico em determinados contextos, por exemplo. Isso se relaciona aos <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/vi\/kinh-ngu-trong-tieng-nhat\/\">t\u00edtulos e formas de tratamento em japon\u00eas<\/a>, que n\u00e3o s\u00e3o pronomes pessoais no sentido estrito.<\/p>\n\n<p>Com uma pessoa desconhecida, evite adivinhar idade, estado civil ou papel familiar. Uma abertura sem vocativo, como <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span> (<em>sumimasen<\/em>, \u201ccom licen\u00e7a\u201d), costuma ser mais segura. Se a conversa continuar, pode-se perguntar <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u3046\u304a\u547c\u3073\u3057\u305f\u3089\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/span> (<em>D\u014d oyobi shitara ii desu ka<\/em>), \u201ccomo devo chamar voc\u00ea?\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<h3><span lang=\"ja\">\u541b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u304a\u524d<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3093\u305f<\/span><\/h3>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u541b<\/span> (<em>kimi<\/em>):<\/strong> pode aparecer entre pessoas pr\u00f3ximas, em rela\u00e7\u00f5es assim\u00e9tricas ou em linguagem art\u00edstica. Dependendo da voz e da rela\u00e7\u00e3o, pode soar carinhoso, superior ou condescendente.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u304a\u524d<\/span> (<em>omae<\/em>):<\/strong> pode ser normal em alguns v\u00ednculos \u00edntimos, mas tamb\u00e9m brusco ou ofensivo. N\u00e3o use como equivalente neutro de \u201cvoc\u00ea\u201d.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3093\u305f<\/span> (<em>anta<\/em>):<\/strong> forma familiar de <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u306a\u305f<\/span>; pode soar direta, impaciente ou rude. O efeito depende muito do falante e do contexto.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Essas formas aparecem bastante na fic\u00e7\u00e3o porque ajudam a caracterizar personagens. Na vida real, o v\u00ednculo entre as pessoas importa mais do que a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o da legenda.<\/p>\n\n<h2><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f7c<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">C\u00f4 \u1ea5y<\/span>: \u201cele\u201d e \u201cela\u201d<\/h2>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f7c<\/span> (<em>kare<\/em>) v\u00e0 <span lang=\"ja\">C\u00f4 \u1ea5y<\/span> (<em>kanojo<\/em>) podem significar \u201cele\u201d e \u201cela\u201d. Contudo, tamb\u00e9m podem significar \u201cnamorado\u201d e \u201cnamorada\u201d, respectivamente. O contexto decide:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f7c\u306f\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kare wa daigaku de nihongo o benky\u014d shite imasu.<\/em><br \/>\nEle estuda japon\u00eas na universidade.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f7c\u5973\u304c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kanojo ga imasu.<\/em><br \/>\nTenho namorada.<\/p>\n\n<p>Assim como ocorre com \u201ceu\u201d e \u201cvoc\u00ea\u201d, nomes, cargos, express\u00f5es como <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u306e\u4eba<\/span> (\u201cessa pessoa\u201d) ou a simples omiss\u00e3o podem ser mais naturais do que repetir <span lang=\"ja\">\u5f7c<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">C\u00f4 \u1ea5y<\/span>. N\u00e3o tente reproduzir em japon\u00eas cada pronome expl\u00edcito de um texto em portugu\u00eas.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como formar o plural<\/h2>\n\n<p>Os sufixos <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3061<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089<\/span> criam refer\u00eancias a grupos. Eles podem indicar \u201cX e as pessoas associadas a X\u201d, e n\u00e3o apenas uma multiplica\u00e7\u00e3o mec\u00e2nica do pronome:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u305f\u3061<\/span> (<em>watashitachi<\/em>) \u2014 n\u00f3s;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u50d5\u305f\u3061<\/span> \/ <span lang=\"ja\">\u50d5\u3089<\/span> (<em>bokutachi \/ bokura<\/em>) \u2014 n\u00f3s;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4ffa\u305f\u3061<\/span> \/ <span lang=\"ja\">\u4ffa\u3089<\/span> (<em>oretachi \/ orera<\/em>) \u2014 n\u00f3s, em registro casual;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u306a\u305f\u305f\u3061<\/span> (<em>anatatachi<\/em>) \u2014 voc\u00eas, mas a mesma cautela de <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u306a\u305f<\/span> continua v\u00e1lida;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f7c\u3089<\/span> (<em>karera<\/em>) \u2014 eles ou aquele grupo;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f7c\u5973\u305f\u3061<\/span> (<em>kanojotachi<\/em>) \u2014 elas ou o grupo dela.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u305f\u3061<\/span> pode significar \u201cTanaka e as outras pessoas do grupo\u201d. A escolha do plural depende de quem funciona como refer\u00eancia principal.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Pronomes e part\u00edculas<\/h2>\n\n<p>As formas pessoais n\u00e3o mudam para casos como \u201ceu, me, mim, meu\u201d. Part\u00edculas indicam a fun\u00e7\u00e3o na frase:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th><th>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th><th>D\u1ecbch g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">t\u00f4i<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306f<\/span> marca o t\u00f3pico<\/td><td>quanto a mim \/ eu<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u304c<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> focaliza ou identifica<\/td><td>eu \u00e9 que \/ eu<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u3092<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/td><td>me \/ a mim<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">Cho t\u00f4i<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> marca destino ou participante<\/td><td>para mim \/ a mim<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306e<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306e<\/span> liga a outro nome<\/td><td>meu \/ minha \/ de mim<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Para entender por que o pronome n\u00e3o determina sozinho o papel sint\u00e1tico, revise a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/vi\/thu-tu-tu-trong-tieng-nhat\/\">ordem das palavras e o uso de part\u00edculas<\/a>. A vis\u00e3o geral de <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/vi\/ngu-phap-tieng-nhat-co-ban\/\">ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u<\/a> organiza esses componentes numa sequ\u00eancia de estudo.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Quando omitir o pronome<\/h2>\n\n<p>Se o interlocutor e o assunto est\u00e3o claros, a omiss\u00e3o \u00e9 comum. Em vez de repetir \u201cvoc\u00ea\u201d na pergunta e \u201ceu\u201d na resposta, o japon\u00eas pode deixar ambos impl\u00edcitos:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Nihongo o benky\u014d shite imasu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nEstuda japon\u00eas?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f\u3044\u3001\u6bce\u65e5\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Hai, mainichi benky\u014d shite imasu.<\/em><br \/>\nSim, estudo todos os dias.<\/p>\n\n<p>Nenhuma das duas frases precisa de <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u306a\u305f<\/span> ho\u1eb7c <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span>. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/vi\/chu-ngu-cua-cau-trong-tieng-nhat\/\">sujeito em japon\u00eas e omiss\u00e3o contextual<\/a> explica como recuperar elementos n\u00e3o expressos sem confundir sujeito com t\u00f3pico.<\/p>\n\n<p>O pronome volta quando h\u00e1 contraste, mudan\u00e7a de refer\u00eancia ou risco de ambiguidade:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u306f\u884c\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Watashi wa ikimasu ga, Tanaka-san wa ikimasen.<\/em><br \/>\nEu vou, mas Tanaka n\u00e3o vai.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como escolher uma forma com seguran\u00e7a<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Verifique se \u00e9 poss\u00edvel omitir.<\/strong> Se a refer\u00eancia j\u00e1 est\u00e1 clara, n\u00e3o acrescente um pronome apenas porque o portugu\u00eas tem um.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Para falar de si em contexto neutro ou polido, comece com <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span>.<\/strong> Observe falantes reais antes de incorporar formas mais marcadas.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Para se dirigir a algu\u00e9m, prefira o nome conhecido, um cargo apropriado ou a omiss\u00e3o.<\/strong> N\u00e3o trate <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u306a\u305f<\/span> como pronome formal universal.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Considere rela\u00e7\u00e3o, ambiente e efeito.<\/strong> Intimidade, hierarquia, idade, identidade, regi\u00e3o e postura comunicativa podem influenciar a escolha.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Evite imitar personagens sem contexto.<\/strong> A tradu\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o mostra necessariamente a rudeza, a intimidade ou o papel social contido na palavra japonesa.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<h2>Di\u00e1logo de apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f\u3058\u3081\u307e\u3057\u3066\u3002\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u3068\u7533\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Hajimemashite. Maria to m\u014dshimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nPrazer. Chamo-me Maria.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3088\u308d\u3057\u304f\u304a\u9858\u3044\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Tanaka desu. Yoroshiku onegai shimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nSou Tanaka. Muito prazer.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u306f\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u5148\u751f\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Tanaka-san wa daigaku no sensei desu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nTanaka, voc\u00ea \u00e9 professor universit\u00e1rio?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f\u3044\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Hai, nihongo o oshiete imasu.<\/em><br \/>\nSim, ensino japon\u00eas.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002\u79c1\u3082\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>S\u014d desu ka. Watashi mo nihongo o benky\u014d shite imasu.<\/em><br \/>\nEntendo. Eu tamb\u00e9m estudo japon\u00eas.<\/p>\n\n<p>O di\u00e1logo usa o nome <span lang=\"ja\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093<\/span> em vez de <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u306a\u305f<\/span>. <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span> aparece no final porque <span lang=\"ja\">\u3082<\/span> cria o contraste inclusivo \u201ceu tamb\u00e9m\u201d. A estrutura <span lang=\"ja\">\uff5e\u3068\u7533\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/span> consta no <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp\/mt\/ja\/dmod\/class\/ja_04_v.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">m\u00f3dulo de apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o da Tokyo University of Foreign Studies<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Traduzir todo \u201cvoc\u00ea\u201d como <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u306a\u305f<\/span>:<\/strong> o interlocutor costuma ficar impl\u00edcito ou ser indicado pelo nome ou cargo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span> \u00e9 feminino:<\/strong> a forma \u00e9 usada por diferentes g\u00eaneros, especialmente em contextos polidos.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Escolher apenas pelo g\u00eanero:<\/strong> rela\u00e7\u00e3o, ambiente, assunto e identidade tamb\u00e9m interferem.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <span lang=\"ja\">\u4ffa<\/span> ho\u1eb7c <span lang=\"ja\">\u304a\u524d<\/span> porque aparecem em anime:<\/strong> essas formas podem comunicar intimidade ou rudeza que a legenda apaga.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Repetir o pronome em todas as frases:<\/strong> isso pode deixar a fala pouco natural quando a refer\u00eancia j\u00e1 est\u00e1 clara.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Coi <span lang=\"ja\">\u5f7c<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">C\u00f4 \u1ea5y<\/span> como equivalentes perfeitos de \u201cele\u201d e \u201cela\u201d:<\/strong> nomes, cargos e omiss\u00e3o s\u00e3o frequentes, e as palavras tamb\u00e9m podem significar namorado e namorada.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Confundir pronome com t\u00edtulo:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">san<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">Th\u01b0a th\u1ea7y<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u5148\u8f29<\/span> funcionam de maneira diferente de <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u306a\u305f<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li>Qual \u00e9 a op\u00e7\u00e3o inicial mais segura para \u201ceu\u201d em uma apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o polida?<\/li>\n<li>Retire o elemento desnecess\u00e1rio: <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Complete com uma forma casual e assertiva, comum entre homens: <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\uff08\u3000\uff09\u306e\u672c\u3060\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Como dizer \u201cn\u00f3s\u201d a partir de <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span>?<\/li>\n<li>Por que <span lang=\"ja\">\u541b<\/span> n\u00e3o \u00e9 um equivalente neutro de \u201cvoc\u00ea\u201d?<\/li>\n<li>Quais s\u00e3o dois sentidos poss\u00edveis de <span lang=\"ja\">C\u00f4 \u1ea5y<\/span>?<\/li>\n<li>Na frase <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306b\u8a71\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span>, qual part\u00edcula marca \u201cpara mim\u201d?<\/li>\n<li>Em uma conversa com uma pessoa chamada Tanaka, que alternativa geralmente \u00e9 mais segura do que repetir <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u306a\u305f<\/span>?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p><strong>\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n:<\/strong> 1. <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span> (<em>watashi<\/em>); 2. <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b<\/span>; 3. <span lang=\"ja\">\u4ffa<\/span>; 4. <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u305f\u3061<\/span>; 5. porque pode expressar familiaridade, assimetria ou condescend\u00eancia conforme a rela\u00e7\u00e3o; 6. \u201cela\u201d e \u201cnamorada\u201d; 7. <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span>; 8. <span lang=\"ja\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093<\/span>, um cargo apropriado ou a omiss\u00e3o, conforme a situa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<h2>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span> \u00e9 a refer\u00eancia inicial mais segura para \u201ceu\u201d em situa\u00e7\u00f5es neutras ou polidas.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u50d5<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u4ffa<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u305f\u3057<\/span> comunicam tend\u00eancias de identidade, intimidade e postura; n\u00e3o s\u00e3o simples tradu\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u306a\u305f<\/span> \u00e9 gramatical, mas frequentemente \u00e9 omitido ou substitu\u00eddo por nome e cargo na conversa.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u541b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u304a\u524d<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3093\u305f<\/span> exigem aten\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 rela\u00e7\u00e3o e n\u00e3o s\u00e3o escolhas neutras.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f7c<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">C\u00f4 \u1ea5y<\/span> tamb\u00e9m podem significar namorado e namorada.<\/li>\n<li>Part\u00edculas mostram a fun\u00e7\u00e3o da express\u00e3o: <span lang=\"ja\">t\u00f4i<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u3092<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">Cho t\u00f4i<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306e<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Quando a refer\u00eancia \u00e9 recuper\u00e1vel, omitir costuma ser mais natural do que repetir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Agora aplique essas escolhas em ora\u00e7\u00f5es completas. O guia sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/vi\/cach-tao-cau-tieng-nhat\/\">C\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e2u trong ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt<\/a> mostra como combinar t\u00f3pico, complementos e predicado. Para n\u00e3o confundir refer\u00eancias a pessoas com palavras como \u201cisto\u201d, \u201cisso\u201d e \u201caquilo\u201d, consulte tamb\u00e9m o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/vi\/dai-tu-chi-dinh-trong-tieng-nhat\/\">sistema kosoado<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-e48ace0ec920e\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u00f4i trong ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u79c1, \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 watashi, l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ban \u0111\u1ea7u an to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng trung l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1. Watakushi r\u1ea5t trang tr\u1ecdng; \u50d5, \u4ffa v\u00e0 \u3042\u305f\u3057 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-859b37d18584f\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u79c1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u00f4i sao?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng. \u79c1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1, chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. Trong h\u1ed9i tho\u1ea1i th\u00e2n m\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-543e6fec59e0d\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u79c1, \u50d5 v\u00e0 \u4ffa l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u79c1 l\u00e0 trung t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c trang tr\u1ecdng; \u50d5 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u1edf tr\u1ebb em trai v\u00e0 nam gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng nghe nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng h\u01a1n; \u4ffa l\u00e0 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-011875af9c946\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u3042\u306a\u305f l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i trang tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb trang tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t. \u3042\u306a\u305f \u0111\u00fang ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng trong h\u1ed9i tho\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, xa c\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh. T\u00ean c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u3055\u3093, ch\u1ee9c danh ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-347d72e088905\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i 'b\u1ea1n' trong ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Khi ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, h\u00e3y l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf. N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft t\u00ean, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng k\u00e8m \u3055\u3093; n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c danh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, ch\u1ee9c danh \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng. V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1, \u3059\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1ch x\u01b0ng h\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-d076890ed61bb\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u5f7c v\u00e0 \u5f7c\u5973 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 anh \u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u1ea5y th\u00f4i sao?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng. \u5f7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 anh \u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n trai, v\u00e0 \u5f7c\u5973 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n g\u00e1i. Ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh s\u1ebd l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, v\u00e0 t\u00ean, ch\u1ee9c danh ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-7123075a07dc7\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh 'n\u00f3s' v\u00e0 'voc\u00eas' trong ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u305f\u3061 v\u00e0 \u3089 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00f3m: \u79c1\u305f\u3061, \u50d5\u305f\u3061 ho\u1eb7c \u50d5\u3089, \u4ffa\u305f\u3061 ho\u1eb7c \u4ffa\u3089 v\u00e0 \u3042\u306a\u305f\u305f\u3061. Nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-8f1f56eaf5687\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf trong ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>B\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m cho tham chi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n, thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb trong ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa \u79c1, \u50d5, \u4ffa, \u3042\u306a\u305f, \u5f7c v\u00e0 \u5f7c\u5973 t\u00f9y theo ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 trang tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1658,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,72,60],"tags":[2,3],"class_list":["post-1656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-pronomes-em-japones","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1656","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1656"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1656\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4455,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1656\/revisions\/4455"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1658"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1656"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1656"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1656"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}