{"id":1661,"date":"2009-11-03T04:41:50","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T06:41:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1661"},"modified":"2026-08-09T22:10:12","modified_gmt":"2026-08-10T01:10:12","slug":"%e4%b8%bb%e8%aa%9e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/sujeito-das-frases-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"\u65e5\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u8b58\u5225\u8207\u4f55\u6642\u7701\u7565"},"content":{"rendered":"

O \u65e5\u8a9e\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e<\/strong> \u662f\u8b02\u8a9e\u6240\u9673\u8ff0\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u57f7\u884c\u52d5\u4f5c\u3001\u5448\u73fe\u72c0\u614b\u6216\u88ab\u7279\u5fb5\u6240\u8b58\u5225\u3002\u5b83\u7d93\u5e38\u8207 \u304c<\/strong>, \u4e00\u8d77\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u4ee5 \u306f<\/strong> \u6a19\u8a18\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5df2\u6e05\u695a\u8aaa\u660e\u5c0d\u8c61\u6642\u5b8c\u5168\u7701\u7565\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u50c5\u5728 \u306f<\/strong> \u4e4b\u524d\u5c0b\u627e\u4e00\u500b\u8a5e\u4e26\u975e\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8981\u8b58\u5225\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff0c\u8acb\u89c0\u5bdf\u8b02\u8a9e\u3001\u52a9\u8a5e\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u8a71\u4e2d\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u65e5\u8a9e\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n

\u4e3b\u8a9e\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u7c21\u55ae\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u51fa\u8207\u8b02\u8a9e\u6240\u8868\u9054\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3001\u7279\u5fb5\u6216\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u4e8b\u7269\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u732b\u304c\u7a93\u306e\u305d\u3070\u3067\u5bdd\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u306d\u3053\u304c \u307e\u3069\u306e \u305d\u3070\u3067 \u306d\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nNeko ga mado no soba de nete imasu.<\/em>
\n\u8c93\u6b63\u5728\u7a97\u6236\u65c1\u908a\u7761\u89ba\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u5728\u6b64\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c, \u732b<\/strong> \uff08\u8c93\uff09\u662f \u5bdd\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/strong> \uff08\u6b63\u5728\u7761\u89ba\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff0c\u800c \u304c<\/strong> \u8868\u793a\u9019\u7a2e\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u8a9e\u5e8fSOV\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4f4d\u65bc\u53e5\u672b\u7684\u8b02\u8a9e\uff0c\u4f46\u65e5\u8a9e\u5141\u8a31\u8b8a\u5316\u548c\u7701\u7565\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u8907\u7fd2\u6b64\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u95b1\u95dc\u65bc \u65e5\u8a9e\u7684\u8a5e\u5e8f<\/a>. \u7684\u6307\u5357\u3002\u7531 NINJAL\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u8a9e\u5e8fSOV\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u8868\u9054\u8ad6\u5143\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3001\u65bd\u4e8b\u8005\u548c\u4e3b\u984c\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b<\/h2>\n\n

\u4e09\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u5e38\u88ab\u6df7\u6dc6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u6982\u5ff5<\/th>\u529f\u80fd<\/th>\u6709\u7528\u7684\u554f\u984c<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u4e3b\u8a9e<\/td>\u8b02\u8a9e\u6240\u9069\u7528\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/td>De quem ou do que o predicado fala gramaticalmente?<\/td><\/tr>\n
Agente<\/td>Quem realiza uma a\u00e7\u00e3o intencional<\/td>Quem executa a a\u00e7\u00e3o?<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u4e3b\u984c<\/td>Assunto apresentado para receber um coment\u00e1rio<\/td>Sobre o que estamos falando?<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

O sujeito nem sempre \u00e9 um agente. Em \u96e8\u304c\u964d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/strong> (Ame ga futte imasu<\/em>, \u201cEst\u00e1 chovendo\u201d), \u96e8<\/strong> \u00e9 o sujeito, mas n\u00e3o pratica uma a\u00e7\u00e3o intencional. Em estruturas mais avan\u00e7adas, como a voz passiva, o sujeito pode ser quem recebe os efeitos de uma a\u00e7\u00e3o; a Japan Foundation mostra essa mudan\u00e7a de papel em exemplos de frases passivas<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Como \u304c ajuda a identificar o sujeito<\/h2>\n\n

Para iniciantes, \u304c<\/strong> \u00e9 a pista mais direta de sujeito. Ele aparece com frequ\u00eancia quando uma informa\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 apresentada, identificada ou escolhida como foco.<\/p>\n\n

\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u305f\u306a\u304b\u3055\u3093\u304c \u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002
\nTanaka-san ga kimashita.<\/em>
\nTanaka chegou.<\/p>\n\n

A frase pode responder \u00e0 pergunta \u3060\u308c\u304c\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b<\/strong> (Dare ga kimashita ka?<\/em>, \u201cQuem chegou?\u201d). A resposta seleciona \u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093<\/strong> como a informa\u00e7\u00e3o procurada:<\/p>\n\n

\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong>
\nFoi Tanaka quem chegou.<\/p>\n\n

Isso n\u00e3o significa que toda ocorr\u00eancia de \u304c<\/strong> possa ser traduzida da mesma maneira. A part\u00edcula marca uma rela\u00e7\u00e3o gramatical, e a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o natural depende do predicado e do contexto. O guia de \u65e5\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u7c92\u5b50\u300d<\/a> apresenta uma vis\u00e3o geral das fun\u00e7\u00f5es mais frequentes.<\/p>\n\n

Por que \u306f n\u00e3o \u00e9 simplesmente uma part\u00edcula de sujeito<\/h2>\n\n

\u306f<\/strong>, pronunciado wa<\/em> quando funciona como part\u00edcula, marca o t\u00f3pico: o elemento apresentado como assunto para o coment\u00e1rio seguinte. O material inicial Irodori da Japan Foundation define \u306f como marcador do t\u00f3pico<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

\u3053\u306e\u732b\u306f\u6bce\u671d\u65e9\u304f\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u3053\u306e \u306d\u3053\u306f \u307e\u3044\u3042\u3055 \u306f\u3084\u304f \u304a\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nKono neko wa maiasa hayaku okimasu.<\/em>
\nQuanto a este gato, ele acorda cedo todas as manh\u00e3s.<\/p>\n\n

\u5728\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\u4e2d\uff0c, \u3053\u306e\u732b<\/strong> \u00e9 o t\u00f3pico e tamb\u00e9m corresponde semanticamente ao sujeito de \u201cacordar\u201d. Essa coincid\u00eancia \u00e9 comum, mas n\u00e3o transforma \u306f<\/strong> em marcador universal de sujeito.<\/p>\n\n

Observe um caso em que t\u00f3pico e sujeito aparecem separados:<\/p>\n\n

\u79c1\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f \u306b\u307b\u3093\u3054\u304c \u3059\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3002
\nWatashi wa nihongo ga suki desu.<\/em>
\nEu gosto de japon\u00eas.<\/p>\n\n

\u6211\u662f<\/strong> estabelece \u201cquanto a mim\u201d como t\u00f3pico; dentro do coment\u00e1rio, \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059<\/strong> apresenta aquilo que \u00e9 apreciado. A tradu\u00e7\u00e3o natural em portugu\u00eas reorganiza a rela\u00e7\u00e3o e n\u00e3o mostra essa estrutura palavra por palavra. Para aprofundar o contraste discursivo entre as part\u00edculas, consulte o artigo dedicado a \u306f e \u304c<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

\u7576\u4e3b\u8a5e\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7701\u7565\u6642<\/h2>\n\n

\u65e5\u8a9e\u7d93\u5e38\u7701\u7565\u4e3b\u8a5e\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7576\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u60c5\u5883\u6216\u524d\u9762\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u6062\u5fa9\u6642\u3002\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u53e5\u5b50\u300c\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u300d\uff1a\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u96b1\u542b\u7684\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u6211\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u6703\u5b78\u7fd2\u65e5\u8a9e\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u307e\u3044\u306b\u3061\u3001\u306b\u307b\u3093\u3054\u3092 \u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\n\u6bcf\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u6703\u5b78\u7fd2\u65e5\u8a9e\u3002.<\/em>
\n\u6211\u6bcf\u5929\u5b78\u7fd2\u65e5\u8a9e\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u5c0d\u8a71\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u8ac7\u8ad6\u8aaa\u8a71\u8005\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u8907 \u6211\u662f<\/strong>. \u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u672c\u8eab\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u65bc V-\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/strong>, \u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c \u79c1\u306f \u5728\u4e3b\u8a5e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6062\u5fa9\u6642\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u88ab\u7701\u7565<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

\u7576\u7701\u7565\u4e0d\u6703\u9020\u6210\u6b67\u7fa9\u6642\u662f\u9069\u7576\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5169\u500b\u4eba\u88ab\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c0d\u65b9\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u8a5e\uff0c\u8acb\u8868\u9054\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n\n

\u79c1\u306f\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5c71\u7530\u3055\u3093\u306f\u884c\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f \u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3084\u307e\u3060\u3055\u3093\u306f \u3044\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\nWatashi wa ikimasu ga, Yamada-san wa ikimasen.<\/em>
\n\u6211\u53bb\uff0c\u4f46\u5c71\u7530\u4e0d\u53bb\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u4e00\u500b\u627e\u5230\u4e3b\u8a5e\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n\n
    \n
  1. \u627e\u5230\u8b02\u8a9e\u3002.<\/strong> \u770b\u770b\u54ea\u500b\u52d5\u8a5e\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u6216\u540d\u8a5e\u8868\u9054\u7d50\u675f\u4e86\u4e3b\u8981\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002.<\/li>\n
  2. \u5c0b\u627e \u304c\u3002.<\/strong> \u7531\u9019\u500b\u52a9\u8a5e\u6a19\u8a18\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u4e3b\u8a5e\u3002.<\/li>\n
  3. \u7528 \u306f \u8b58\u5225\u4e3b\u984c\u3002.<\/strong> \u554f\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u53c3\u8207\u8b02\u8a9e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u754c\u5b9a\u8a71\u984c\u3002.<\/li>\n
  4. \u8003\u616e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3002.<\/strong> \u4e3b\u8a5e\u53ef\u80fd\u4e4b\u524d\u51fa\u73fe\u904e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u5f88\u660e\u986f\u3002.<\/li>\n
  5. \u907f\u514d\u9010\u500b\u52a9\u8a5e\u7ffb\u8b6f\u3002.<\/strong> \u7528\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8a9e\u91cd\u5efa\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    \u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u88dc\u5145\u4e86\u65b9\u6cd5 \u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u77ed\u53e5\u5b50\u958b\u59cb<\/a> \u548c \u65e5\u8a9e\u6587\u6cd5\u57fa\u790e<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

    \u77ed\u5c0d\u8a71\uff1a\u986f\u6027\u4e3b\u8a9e\u8207\u7701\u7565\u4e3b\u8a9e<\/h2>\n\n

    A\uff1a<\/strong> \u3060\u308c\u304c\u3053\u306e\u30b1\u30fc\u30ad\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002
    \nDare ga kono k\u0113ki o tsukurimashita ka?<\/em>
    \n\u8ab0\u505a\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u86cb\u7cd5\uff1f<\/p>\n\n

    B\uff1a<\/strong> \u4f50\u85e4\u3055\u3093\u304c\u4f5c\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002
    \nSat\u014d-san ga tsukurimashita.<\/em>
    \n\u4f50\u85e4\u505a\u7684\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

    A\uff1a<\/strong> \u6bce\u9031\u4f5c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002
    \nMaish\u016b tsukurimasu ka?<\/em>
    \n\uff08\u5979\uff09\u6bcf\u9031\u90fd\u505a\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n\n

    B\uff1a<\/strong> \u306f\u3044\u3001\u4f5c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
    \nHai, tsukurimasu.<\/em>
    \n\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u505a\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

    \u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u56de\u7b54\u4e2d\uff0c, \u4f50\u85e4\u3055\u3093\u304c<\/strong> \u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u8ab0\u505a\u4e86\u86cb\u7cd5\u3002\u5728\u4f50\u85e4\u6210\u70ba\u5171\u540c\u53c3\u7167\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7701\u7565\u3002\u95dc\u65bc \u65e5\u6587\u554f\u984c<\/a> \u7684\u6307\u5357\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u5c0d\u8a71\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7591\u554f\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

    \u8a3b\u89e3\u7df4\u7fd2<\/h2>\n\n

    \u8b58\u5225\u8a71\u984c\u3001\u986f\u6027\u4e3b\u8a9e\u6216\u7701\u7565\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n

      \n
    1. \u9ce5\u304c\u7a7a\u3092\u98db\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong> \u2014 \u9ce5<\/strong> \u662f\u986f\u6027\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff0c\u7531 \u304c \u6a19\u8a18\u3002.<\/li>\n
    2. \u3053\u306e\u753a\u306f\u51ac\u304c\u5bd2\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong> \u2014 \u3053\u306e\u753a<\/strong> \u662f\u8a71\u984c\uff1b; \u51ac<\/strong> \u662f\u8a55\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7531 \u304c \u6a19\u8a18\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002.<\/li>\n
    3. \u6628\u65e5\u3001\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong> \u2014 \u4e3b\u8a9e\u88ab\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u900f\u904e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4f86\u9084\u539f\u3002.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

      \u4e3b\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff1a \u304c<\/strong> \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e3b\u8a9e\u7684\u5f37\u70c8\u7dda\u7d22\uff0c, \u306f<\/strong> \u78ba\u7acb\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5df2\u7d93\u63d0\u4f9b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6642\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u5728\u5c0b\u627e\u6a19\u7c64\u4e4b\u524d\u5148\u8b58\u5225\u8b02\u8a9e\uff0c\u80fd\u4f7f\u5206\u6790\u66f4\u70ba\u53ef\u9760\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

      \n
      \n
      \n

      \u54ea\u500b\u52a9\u8a5e\u6a19\u8a18\u65e5\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff1f<\/h3>\n
      \n\n

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