{"id":1665,"date":"2009-11-03T04:43:39","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T06:43:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1665"},"modified":"2018-03-09T21:46:32","modified_gmt":"2018-03-10T00:46:32","slug":"desu-o-verbo-ser-em-japones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/desu-o-verbo-ser-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Desu - \u65e5\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"5bbc9d519ae23822dd015116ee10c06d\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Saiba mais sobre o\u00a0<strong>Desu - \u65e5\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e<\/strong>!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Os verbos em japon\u00eas s\u00e3o algo bem diferente do conceito de verbos existentes na l\u00edngua portuguesa.<\/p>\n<h2>Desu - \u65e5\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e<\/h2>\n<p>Uma das principais dificuldades para os estudantes de japon\u00eas, \u00e9 o fato da l\u00edngua japonesa possuir apenas quatro tempos verbais: presente afirmativo, passado afirmativo, presente negativo e passado negativo. Isso mesmo, n\u00e3o tem conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o para o tempo futuro.<\/p>\n<p>Outro fato interessante \u00e9 que a l\u00edngua japonesa possui n\u00edveis de formalidade. Isso significa que a maioria dos verbos em japon\u00eas possuem duas formas para cada tempo verbal. Uma forma para o modo formal e outra para o modo informal. Complicado? Nem tanto assim.<\/p>\n<p>Apesar destes conceitos serem importantes, n\u00e3o \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio se preocupar com eles agora, em artigos futuros, falaremos mais sobre o assunto.<\/p>\n<h2>O que \u00e9 Desu e para que ele serve?<\/h2>\n<p><acronym title=\"desu - \u662f\">\u3067\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0\u00e9 um auxiliar de polidez que indica o tempo verbal da frase e pode assumir o significado de &#8220;ser&#8221; ou &#8220;estar&#8221;. Apesar de n\u00e3o ser um verbo,\u00a0<acronym title=\"desu - \u662f\">\u3067\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0possui as mesmas caracter\u00edsticas dos verbos em japon\u00eas. Ele pode ser flexionado em todos os tempos verbais.<\/p>\n<p>Para resumir, hoje vamos conhecer as flex\u00f5es de\u00a0<acronym title=\"desu - \u662f\">\u3067\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0e os seus modos formais e informais.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Por hora, n\u00e3o pretendo me deter em explica\u00e7\u00f5es sobre o que \u00e9 um auxiliar de polidez. Basta sabermos que o\u00a0<acronym title=\"desu - \u662f\">\u3067\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0pode assumir o significado do nosso verbo ser ou estar na l\u00edngua portugu\u00easa.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/%e5%85%8d%e8%b4%b9%e4%b8%8b%e8%bd%bd%e3%80%8a%e8%a7%a3%e5%bc%80%e6%97%a5%e8%af%ad%e3%80%8b%e4%b8%80%e4%b9%a6\/\">Baixe agora o livro\u00a0desvendando a l\u00edngua japonesa!<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/%e4%b8%8b%e8%bc%89%e9%9f%b3%e8%a8%8a-google-%e7%bf%bb%e8%ad%af%e5%99%a8\/\">Baixe \u00e1udio do Google tradutor<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>O modo formal de desu<\/h2>\n<h3>O presente afirmativo<\/h3>\n<p>O presente afirmativo geralmente trata de uma a\u00e7\u00e3o ou estado existente naquele exato momento.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kore wa kuruma desu. - Isto \u00e9 um carro.\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u8eca<span class=\"orange\">\u3067\u3059<\/span>\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"are wa tori desu. - Aquilo \u00e9 um p\u00e1ssaro.\">\u3042\u308c\u306f\u9ce5<span class=\"orange\">\u3067\u3059<\/span>\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Por si mesmo,\u00a0<acronym title=\"desu - \u662f\">\u3067\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0\u00e9 o modo formal e pode ser usado nas mais diversas situa\u00e7\u00f5es do cotidiano. Uma outra caracter\u00edstica interessante \u00e9 que a s\u00edlaba\u00a0<acronym title=\"su\">\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0\u7684\u00a0<acronym title=\"desu - \u662f\">\u3067\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0quase n\u00e3o \u00e9 pronunciada. A pron\u00fancia ficaria mais pr\u00f3xima de um &#8220;des&#8221; do que de um &#8220;desu&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h3>O presente negativo<\/h3>\n<p>Os presente negativo n\u00e3o \u00e9 complicado de aprender e conjugar. Basta entender que ele \u00e9 somente uma nega\u00e7\u00e3o do verbo usado. No nosso caso, vamos somente trocar o\u00a0<acronym title=\"desu - ser, estar\">\u3067\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0por\u00a0<acronym title=\"dewa arimasen - n\u00e3o \u00e9, n\u00e3o ser\">\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kore wa kuruma dewa arimasen. - Isto n\u00e3o \u00e9 um carro.\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u8eca<span class=\"orange\">\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span>\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"are wa tori dewa arimasen. - Aquilo n\u00e3o \u00e9 um p\u00e1ssaro.\">\u3042\u308c\u306f\u9ce5<span class=\"orange\">\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span>\u3002<\/acronym><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>O passado afirmativo<\/h3>\n<p>O passado afirmativo fala de uma a\u00e7\u00e3o ou estado que foi modificado, determinando algo que j\u00e1 aconteceu. Para realizar esta tarefa, basta trocar o\u00a0<acronym title=\"desu - \u662f\">\u3067\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0por\u00a0<acronym title=\"deshita - era, foi\">\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym>\u00a0no fim das frases.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kore wa kuruma deshita - Isto era (foi) um carro.\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u8eca<span class=\"orange\">\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span>\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"are wa tori deshita. - Aquilo era um p\u00e1ssaro.\">\u3042\u308c\u306f\u9ce5<span class=\"orange\">\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span>\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>O passado negativo<\/h3>\n<p>Assim como o presente, o passado negativo demonstra uma a\u00e7\u00e3o (ou estado) contr\u00e1rio ao sentido do verbo. S\u00f3 que desta vez o verbo se encontra no passado. Para fazer isso, s\u00f3 precisamos colocar o\u00a0<acronym title=\"desu - \u662f\">\u3067\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0no presente negativo seguido por\u00a0<acronym title=\"deshita - era, foi\">\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym>, ficando\u00a0<acronym title=\"dewa arimasen deshita. - N\u00e3o era, n\u00e3o foi\">\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym>. Veja s\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kore wa kuruma dewa arimasen deshita. - Isto n\u00e3o era um carro.\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u8eca<span class=\"orange\">\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span>\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"are wa tori dewa arimasen deshita. - Aquilo n\u00e3o era um p\u00e1ssaro.\">\u3042\u308c\u306f\u9ce5<span class=\"orange\">\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span>\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Outra caracter\u00edstica interessante do\u00a0<acronym title=\"deshita - era, foi\">\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym>\u00a0\u00e9 que o\u00a0<acronym title=\"shi\">\u3057<\/acronym>\u00a0quase n\u00e3o \u00e9 pronunciado, ou \u00e9 falado de forma mais r\u00e1pida que o normal. \u00c9 como se estivesse falando um &#8220;desta&#8221; em vez de &#8220;deshita&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h2>O modo informal de Desu<\/h2>\n<p>Este segundo t\u00f3pico sobre\u00a0<acronym title=\"desu - \u662f\">\u3067\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0ser\u00e1 mais r\u00e1pido e f\u00e1cil de aprender, uma vez que j\u00e1 conhecemos os tempos verbais e a forma padr\u00e3o do\u00a0<acronym title=\"desu - \u662f\">\u3067\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0em cada um deles. Agora n\u00f3s vamos conhecer formas de conjuga\u00e7\u00f5es para\u00a0<acronym title=\"desu - \u662f\">\u3067\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0n\u00e3o muito divulgadas, mas muito usadas na l\u00edngua japonesa.<\/p>\n<h3>O presente afirmativo e o passado afirmativo<\/h3>\n<p>Em alguns casos, as frases em japon\u00eas podem terminar com\u00a0<acronym title=\"da - ser\">\u3060<\/acronym>. Essa \u00e9 apenas uma forma simplificada de\u00a0<acronym title=\"desu - \u662f\">\u3067\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0no presente afirmativo e o seu significado \u00e9 o mesmo.<\/p>\n<p>No passado negativo,\u00a0<acronym title=\"desu - \u662f\">\u3067\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0pode assumir uma outra forma simplificada:\u00a0<acronym title=\"datta - ser\">\u3060\u3063\u305f<\/acronym>. Como na situa\u00e7\u00e3o anterior,\u00a0<acronym title=\"datta - ser\">\u3060\u3063\u305f<\/acronym>\u00a0possui a mesma fun\u00e7\u00e3o e significado de\u00a0<acronym title=\"deshita - era, foi\">\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym>.<span id=\"more-463\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Essas duas formas me parecem ser pouco utilizadas, apesar de aparecer em alguns livros e gram\u00e1ticas. Por via das d\u00favidas, resolvi que seria melhor adicionar esta informa\u00e7\u00e3o neste artigo.<\/p>\n<h3>O presente negativo e o passado negativo<\/h3>\n<p>Aqui \u00e9 onde come\u00e7a a parte mais usada das formas alternativas de\u00a0<acronym title=\"desu - \u662f\">\u3067\u3059<\/acronym>. Muitos japoneses a usam em conversas informais e, as vezes, essas formas me parecem ser mais usadas do que as formas estudadas no artigo anterior.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"ja arimasen - n\u00e3o ser\">\u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym>\u00a0,\u00a0<acronym title=\"ja nai - n\u00e3o ser\">\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"dewa nai - n\u00e3o ser\">\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"ja arimasen - n\u00e3o ser\">\u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym>\u00a0\u00e9 mais formal que\u00a0<acronym title=\"ja nai - n\u00e3o ser\">\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"dewa nai - n\u00e3o ser\">\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044<\/acronym>.\u00a0<acronym title=\"dewa nai - n\u00e3o ser\">\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044<\/acronym>\u00a0me pareceu estar fora de uso. Eu nunca vi ningu\u00e9m usar esta express\u00e3o. Em contrapartida,\u00a0<acronym title=\"ja arimasen - n\u00e3o ser\">\u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"ja nai - n\u00e3o ser\">\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/acronym>\u00a0s\u00e3o muito usados e ambos possuem a mesma fun\u00e7\u00e3o e significado de\u00a0<acronym title=\"dewa arimasen - \u4e0d\u662f\">\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym>\u00a0no presente negativo.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"ja arimasen deshita - n\u00e3o era, n\u00e3o foi\">\u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"ja nakatta - n\u00e3o era, n\u00e3o foi\">\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"dewa nakatta - n\u00e3o era, n\u00e3o foi\">\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\nSeguindo o mesmo padr\u00e3o do item anterior,\u00a0<acronym title=\"ja arimasen deshita - n\u00e3o era, n\u00e3o foi\">\u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym>\u00a0\u00e9 mais formal que\u00a0<acronym title=\"ja nakatta - n\u00e3o era, n\u00e3o foi\">\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"dewa nakatta - n\u00e3o era, n\u00e3o foi\">\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/acronym>. Al\u00e9m disso\u00a0<acronym title=\"ja arimasen deshita - n\u00e3o era, n\u00e3o foi\">\u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym>\u00a0\u00e9 muito mais usado que os outros dois.<\/p>\n<p>Quando se trata do passado negativo, as tr\u00eas formas mencionadas acima possuem a mesma fun\u00e7\u00e3o e significado de\u00a0<acronym title=\"dewa arimasen deshita. - N\u00e3o era, n\u00e3o foi\">\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<p>Para concluir o artigo, vou deixar alguns exemplos de uso das formas alternativas do \u3067\u3059. Abaixo seguem os exemplos:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"are wa tori ja arimasen. - Aquilo n\u00e3o \u00e9 um p\u00e1ssaro.\">\u3042\u308c\u306f\u9ce5<span class=\"orange\">\u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/acronym>(<acronym title=\"ja nai - n\u00e3o ser\">\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/acronym>)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kore wa ringo ja arimasen deshita. - Isto n\u00e3o era (foi) uma ma\u00e7\u00e3.\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u308a\u3093\u3054<span class=\"orange\">\u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span>\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"sore wa teeburu ja nakatta. - Isso n\u00e3o era (foi) uma mesa.\">\u305d\u308c\u306f\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb<span class=\"orange\">\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span>\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>\u6c49\u5b57\u4e66\u6cd5\u7ec3\u4e60<\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/%e4%b8%8a%e5%8f%8b%e6%b1%89%e5%ad%97%e7%9a%84%e6%97%a5%e6%96%87%e7%ac%a6%e5%8f%b7\/\">\u65e5\u672c\u8868\u610f\u7b26\u53f7<\/a>\u00a0\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u60a8\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u6c49\u5b57\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u590d\u5236\u5e76\u7c98\u8d34\u5230\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/in\/imprimir-para-treinar-kanas-e-kanjis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u5047\u540d\u548c\u6c49\u5b57\u7ec3\u4e60\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7eb8<\/a>\u00a0\u5728\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u65b0\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u53ef\u6253\u5370\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u7070\u8272\u7b26\u53f7\u6765\u7ec3\u4e60\u65e5\u8bed\u4e66\u6cd5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c1d\u8bd5\u81ea\u5df1\u4e66\u5199\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u5e76\u7ec3\u4e60\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 47px\" border=\"0\" width=\"253\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8eca<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u9ce5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3 Desu - \u65e5\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\uff01\u65e5\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\u8207\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8a9e\u4e2d\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u76f8\u7576\u4e0d\u540c\u3002Desu - \u65e5\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e \u300c\u662f\u300d\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1667,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73,60],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1665","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1665","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1665"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1665\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1667"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1665"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1665"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1665"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}