{"id":1756,"date":"2009-11-03T05:41:50","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T07:41:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1756"},"modified":"2026-08-15T13:40:26","modified_gmt":"2026-08-15T16:40:26","slug":"%e6%a1%9d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/forma-masu-dos-verbos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"\u65e5\u8a9e\u307e\u3059\u5f62\uff1a\u307e\u3059\u3001\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3001\u307e\u3057\u305f\u8207\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f"},"content":{"rendered":"

A masu \u5f62\u5f0f<\/strong> \u9019\u662f\u958b\u59cb\u5b78\u7fd2\u65e5\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u79ae\u8c8c\u6a19\u6e96\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u7d44\u7e54\u4e86\u56db\u7a2e\u57fa\u672c\u7d44\u5408\uff1a \u307e\u3059<\/strong> \u975e\u904e\u53bb\u80af\u5b9a\u5f62\uff0c, \u307e\u305b\u3093<\/strong> \u975e\u904e\u53bb\u5426\u5b9a\u5f62\uff0c, \u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong> \u904e\u53bb\u80af\u5b9a\u5f62\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca \u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/strong> \u7528\u65bc\u904e\u53bb\u5426\u5b9a\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u7d50\u5c3e\u5728\u8ab2\u5802\u3001\u670d\u52d9\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8207\u9084\u4e0d\u592a\u719f\u6089\u7684\u4eba\u4ea4\u8ac7\u6642\u7d93\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u300c\u975e\u904e\u53bb\u300d\u662f\u66f4\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u540c\u4e00\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u8868\u793a\u7fd2\u6163\u6027\u7684\u73fe\u5728\u6216\u672a\u4f86\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u307e\u3059\u5f62\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n

\u307e\u3059\u5f62\u662f\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u79ae\u8c8c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8a31\u5728\u975e\u904e\u53bb\u548c\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u614b\u4e2d\u80af\u5b9a\u6216\u5426\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u52d5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u7121\u9700\u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u69cb\u5efa\u52d5\u8a5e\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u7684 Marugoto \u7684\u79ae\u8c8c\u5f62\u8207\u7c21\u55ae\u5f62\u5c0d\u7167\u8868<\/a>, \u6b63\u597d\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u9019\u56db\u7a2e\u7d44\u5408\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u6642\u614b\u8207\u80af\u5b9a\/\u5426\u5b9a<\/th>\u7d50\u5c3e<\/th>\u4ee5\u98df\u3079\u308b\u70ba\u4f8b<\/th>\u542b\u7fa9<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u975e\u904e\u53bb\u5f0f\u80af\u5b9a<\/td>\u307e\u3059<\/td>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/td>\u5403 \/ \u5c07\u8981\u5403<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u975e\u904e\u53bb\u5f0f\u5426\u5b9a<\/td>\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/td>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/td>\u4e0d\u5403 \/ \u5c07\u4e0d\u5403<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u80af\u5b9a\u5f0f\u904e\u53bb\u6642<\/td>\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/td>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/td>\u6211\u5403\u4e86<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u904e\u53bb\u5f0f\uff08\u5426\u5b9a\uff09<\/td>\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/td>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/td>\u6c92\u5403<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

\u7d50\u5c3e\u8868\u9054\u4e86\u79ae\u8c8c\u3001\u6642\u614b\u4ee5\u53ca\u80af\u5b9a\u6216\u5426\u5b9a\u3002\u8a5e\u5f59\u610f\u7fa9\u4ecd\u5728\u52d5\u8a5e\u4e2d\uff1a\u98df\u3079\u8868\u793a\u300c\u5403\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u7d50\u5c3e\u90e8\u5206\u5247\u8aaa\u660e\u8a72\u52d5\u4f5c\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u5448\u73fe\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u4f55\u6642\u5728\u65e5\u8a9e\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u79ae\u8c8c\u9ad4<\/h2>\n\n

\u65e5\u8a9e\u6839\u64da\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u60c5\u5883\u5728\u79ae\u8c8c\u9ad4\u548c\u7c21\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u5207\u63db\u3002 Irodori\u95dc\u65bc\u8aaa\u8a71\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u89e3\u91cb<\/a> \u986f\u793a\u4e86\u3067\u3059\u548c\u307e\u3059\u7528\u65bc\u8207\u4e0d\u592a\u719f\u6089\u7684\u4eba\u3001\u521d\u6b21\u898b\u9762\u6216\u8207\u5730\u4f4d\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\u4ea4\u8ac7\u6642\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u307e\u3059\u5f62\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u5100\u5f0f\u6216\u975e\u5e38\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5834\u5408\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u521d\u5b78\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u65e5\u5e38\u4e92\u52d5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u79ae\u8c8c\u4e14\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8a9e\u57df\u3002\u5728\u89aa\u5bc6\u670b\u53cb\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4ea4\u8ac7\u4e2d\uff0c \u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u5f62<\/a> \u53ef\u80fd\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u66f4\u81ea\u7136\uff1b\u5728\u670d\u52d9\u5834\u5408\u6216\u8207\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u4ea4\u8ac7\u6642\uff0c\u79ae\u8c8c\u5f62\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5408\u9069\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u540c\u6a23\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u5340\u5206\u79ae\u8c8c\u548c\u656c\u8a9e\u3002\u4ee5\u307e\u3059\u7d50\u5c3e\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\u4f7f\u53e5\u5b50\u79ae\u8c8c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u5c07\u8a5e\u5f59\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba \u656c\u8a9e<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n

\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u52d5\u8a5e\u7d44\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u307e\u3059\u5f62<\/h2>\n\n

\u5728\u9032\u884c\u52d5\u8a5e\u8b8a\u4f4d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u78ba\u8a8d\u8a72\u52d5\u8a5e\u662f\u4e94\u6bb5\u52d5\u8a5e\u3001\u4e00\u6bb5\u52d5\u8a5e\u9084\u662f\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u52d5\u8a5e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9019\u500b\u5206\u985e\u4ecd\u7136\u8b93\u4f60\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u8acb\u8907\u7fd2 \u65e5\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u985e\u5225<\/a>. \u3002\u50c5\u6191\u308b\u7d50\u5c3e\u4e26\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5224\u65b7\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u985e\u5225\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u4e94\u6bb5\u52d5\u8a5e\uff1a\u5f9e\u30a6\u6bb5\u8f49\u63db\u5230\u30a4\u6bb5<\/h3>\n\n

\u5728\u4e94\u6bb5\u52d5\u8a5e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c07\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u5047\u540d\u66ff\u63db\u70ba\u30a4\u6bb5\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e26\u52a0\u4e0a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u79ae\u8c8c\u7528\u8a9e\u7d50\u5c3e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Final<\/th>\u8b8a\u5316<\/th>\u52d5\u8a5e<\/th>\u307e\u3059\u5f62<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u3046<\/td>\u3046 \u2192 \u3044<\/td>\u8cb7\u3046 (kau)<\/td>\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059 (kaimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u304f<\/td>\u304f \u2192 \u304d<\/td>\u66f8\u304f (kaku)<\/td>\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059 (kakimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u3050<\/td>\u3050 \u2192 \u304e<\/td>\u6cf3\u3050 (oyogu)<\/td>\u6cf3\u304e\u307e\u3059 (oyogimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u3059<\/td>\u3059 \u2192 \u3057<\/td>\u8a71\u3059 (hanasu)<\/td>\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3059 (hanashimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u3064<\/td>\u3064 \u2192 \u3061<\/td>\u5f85\u3064 (matsu)<\/td>\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u3059 (machimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u306c<\/td>\u306c \u2192 \u306b<\/td>\u6b7b\u306c (shinu)<\/td>\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u3059 (shinimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u3076<\/td>\u3076 \u2192 \u3073<\/td>\u904a\u3076 (asobu)<\/td>\u904a\u3073\u307e\u3059 (asobimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u3080<\/td>\u3080 \u2192 \u307f<\/td>\u98f2\u3080 (nomu)<\/td>\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059 (nomimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u308b<\/td>\u308b \u2192 \u308a<\/td>\u5e30\u308b (kaeru)<\/td>\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3059 (kaerimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

Verbos ichidan: retire \u308b<\/h3>\n\n

Nos verbos ichidan, retire o \u308b final e acrescente \u307e\u3059: \u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059, \u898b\u308b \u2192 \u898b\u307e\u3059 e \u8d77\u304d\u308b \u2192 \u8d77\u304d\u307e\u3059. N\u00e3o aplique essa regra automaticamente a todo verbo terminado em -iru<\/em> \u6216 -eru<\/em>: \u5e30\u308b, \u5165\u308b e \u8d70\u308b, por exemplo, s\u00e3o godan.<\/p>\n\n

\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u52d5\u8a5e<\/h3>\n\n

Os dois padr\u00f5es centrais do grupo irregular s\u00e3o est\u00e1veis: \u3059\u308b torna-se \u3057\u307e\u3059, e \u6765\u308b (\u304f\u308b, \u5eab\u9b6f<\/em>) torna-se \u6765\u307e\u3059 (\u304d\u307e\u3059, kimasu<\/em>). Em verbos compostos com \u3059\u308b, a mesma transforma\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 mantida: \u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059.<\/p>\n\n

O Marugoto\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\u6d3b\u7528\u9644\u9304<\/a> permite comparar a forma \u307e\u3059, a base sem \u307e\u3059 e as formas de dicion\u00e1rio, \u3066, \u305f e \u306a\u3044 nos tr\u00eas grupos.<\/p>\n\n

Como formar \u307e\u305b\u3093, \u307e\u3057\u305f e \u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/h2>\n\n

Depois de encontrar a base, escolha a termina\u00e7\u00e3o que combina tempo e polaridade. N\u00e3o \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio memorizar uma regra diferente para cada grupo: a diferen\u00e7a entre os grupos est\u00e1 na forma\u00e7\u00e3o da base; as quatro termina\u00e7\u00f5es polidas s\u00e3o regulares.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u52d5\u8a5e<\/th>\u307e\u3059<\/th>\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/th>\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/th>\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u66f8\u304f<\/td>\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/td>\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/td>\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/td>\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/td>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/td>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/td>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/td>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u3059\u308b<\/td>\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/td>\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/td>\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/td>\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u4f86\u308b<\/td>\u4f86\u307e\u3059<\/td>\u4f86\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/td>\u4f86\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/td>\u4f86\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

A base sem \u307e\u3059 tamb\u00e9m participa de outras estruturas. O Irodori mostra a base de \u307e\u3059 antes de \u65b9<\/a>, como em \u66f8\u304d\u65b9, \u201cmodo de escrever\u201d. Isso ajuda a perceber que \u66f8\u304d \u00e9 uma base \u00fatil, e n\u00e3o uma palavra completa independente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O n\u00e3o-passado pode indicar presente ou futuro<\/h2>\n\n

\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059 n\u00e3o corresponde apenas a \u201ccomo\u201d. Dependendo de uma express\u00e3o de tempo ou da situa\u00e7\u00e3o, tamb\u00e9m pode significar \u201cvou comer\u201d. O japon\u00eas n\u00e3o cria uma termina\u00e7\u00e3o futura separada nesse paradigma.<\/p>\n\n

\u6211\u6bcf\u5929\u65e9\u4e0a\u90fd\u6703\u559d\u5496\u5561\u3002<\/strong>
\u307e\u3044\u3042\u3055\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u3092\u306e\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002
Maiasa\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u559d\u5496\u5561\u3002.<\/em>
\u6211\u6bcf\u5929\u65e9\u4e0a\u559d\u5496\u5561\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u660e\u65e5\u3001\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong>
\u3042\u3057\u305f\u3001\u3068\u3057\u3087\u304b\u3093\u3078\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
Ashita, toshokan e ikimasu.<\/em>
Amanh\u00e3, vou \u00e0 biblioteca.<\/p>\n\n

\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u8089\u3092\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/strong>
\u304d\u3087\u3046\u306f\u306b\u304f\u3092\u305f\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
Ky\u014d wa niku o tabemasen.<\/em>
Hoje, n\u00e3o vou comer carne.<\/p>\n\n

As express\u00f5es \u6bce\u671d, \u660e\u65e5 e \u4eca\u65e5 orientam a interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o. Sem contexto, a forma n\u00e3o-passada continua compat\u00edvel tanto com h\u00e1bitos e fatos gerais quanto com a\u00e7\u00f5es futuras.<\/p>\n\n

Como usar a forma masu em frases<\/h2>\n\n

Em uma ora\u00e7\u00e3o independente, o verbo geralmente aparece no final. Part\u00edculas continuam marcando as rela\u00e7\u00f5es entre os elementos; o guia sobre \u5982\u4f55\u7528\u65e5\u8a9e\u9020\u53e5<\/a> aprofunda essa organiza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n

\u6628\u65e5\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong>
\u304d\u306e\u3046\u3001\u306b\u307b\u3093\u3054\u3092\u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002
Kin\u014d, nihongo o benky\u014d shimashita.<\/em>
Ontem, estudei japon\u00eas.<\/p>\n\n

\u5148\u9031\u306e\u65e5\u66dc\u65e5\u306f\u50cd\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong>
\u305b\u3093\u3057\u3085\u3046\u306e\u306b\u3061\u3088\u3046\u3073\u306f\u306f\u305f\u3089\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002
Sensh\u016b no nichiy\u014dbi wa hatarakimasen deshita.<\/em>
No domingo passado, n\u00e3o trabalhei.<\/p>\n\n

Mini di\u00e1logo<\/h3>\n\n

A: \u6bce\u65e5\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
\u307e\u3044\u306b\u3061\u3001\u306b\u307b\u3093\u3054\u3092\u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002
Mainichi, nihongo o benky\u014d shimasu ka?<\/em>
Voc\u00ea estuda japon\u00eas todos os dias?<\/p>\n\n

B: \u306f\u3044\u3001\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u6628\u65e5\u306f\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong>
\u306f\u3044\u3001\u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u304d\u306e\u3046\u306f\u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002
Hai, benky\u014d shimasu. Demo, kin\u014d wa benky\u014d shimasen deshita.<\/em>
Sim, estudo. Mas ontem n\u00e3o estudei.<\/p>\n\n

Forma masu e forma simples n\u00e3o ocupam sempre o mesmo lugar<\/h2>\n\n

A forma masu \u00e9 apropriada para encerrar o predicado de uma ora\u00e7\u00e3o em estilo polido. Antes de um substantivo, por\u00e9m, usa-se a forma simples: \u65e5\u672c\u3067\u50cd\u304f\u4eba\u3067\u3059 significa \u201c\u00e9 uma pessoa que trabalha no Jap\u00e3o\u201d. A sequ\u00eancia \u50cd\u304d\u307e\u3059\u4eba<\/strong> n\u00e3o funciona nessa posi\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n

Por isso, uma frase polida pode conter uma forma simples dentro dela e terminar em \u3067\u3059 ou \u307e\u3059. Essa diferen\u00e7a evita a ideia equivocada de que todas as formas verbais de uma frase precisam receber \u307e\u3059.<\/p>\n\n

Erros comuns ao conjugar a forma masu<\/h2>\n\n