{"id":1774,"date":"2009-11-03T05:52:11","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T07:52:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1774"},"modified":"2026-08-21T19:54:08","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T22:54:08","slug":"%e6%97%a5%e8%aa%9e%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%aa%e4%be%86%e5%bc%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/o-tempo-futuro-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"\u65e5\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7684\u672a\u4f86\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u8ac7\u8ad6\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u548c\u884c\u52d5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u8981\u8ac7\u8ad6 <strong>\u65e5\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7684\u672a\u4f86<\/strong>, ,\u4f60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c08\u9580\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\u8b8a\u5316\u4f86\u5c0d\u61c9\u300c\u6211\u6703\u505a\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6211\u5c07\u53bb\u300d\u6216\u300c\u6211\u5c07\u5b78\u7fd2\u300d\u3002\u65e5\u8a9e\u5c07\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7d44\u7e54\u70ba <strong>\u975e\u904e\u53bb<\/strong> e <strong>\u904e\u53bb<\/strong>. .\u56e0\u6b64,\u540c\u4e00\u7a2e\u975e\u904e\u53bb\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u7fd2\u6163\u3001\u72c0\u614b\u6216\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3002\u6642\u9593\u662f\u901a\u904e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3001\u50cf <span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u65e5<\/span> (\u660e\u5929)\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8868\u9054\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u8aaa\u8a71\u8005\u60f3\u8981\u50b3\u9054\u7684\u627f\u8afe\u985e\u578b\u4f86\u8b58\u5225\u7684\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u57fa\u672c\u898f\u5247\u662f: <strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u904e\u53bb\u5f0f\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e,\u4e26\u8b93\u6642\u9593\u8868\u9054\u6216\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4f86\u5b9a\u4f4d\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c<\/strong>. .\u7136\u5f8c,\u7576\u4f60\u60f3\u6a19\u660e\u610f\u5716\u3001\u8a08\u5283\u3001\u9810\u6e2c\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3001\u9858\u671b\u6216\u9080\u8acb\u6642,\u518d\u9078\u64c7\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u65e5\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u5982\u4f55\u904b\u4f5c<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u6bd4\u8f03\u540c\u4e00\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u79ae\u8c8c\u975e\u904e\u53bb\u5f0f:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>\u53e5\u5b50<\/th><th>\u95b1\u8b80<\/th><th>\u89e3\u91cb<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6211\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u6703\u5b78\u7fd2\u65e5\u8a9e\u3002<\/span><\/td><td><em>\u6bcf\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u6703\u5b78\u7fd2\u65e5\u8a9e\u3002.<\/em><\/td><td>\u6211\u6bcf\u5929\u5b78\u7fd2\u65e5\u8a9e\u3002\u7fd2\u6163\u3002.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u6669\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/td><td><em>Konban, nihongo o benky\u014d shimasu.<\/em><\/td><td>\u6211\u4eca\u665a\u8981\u5b78\u7fd2\u65e5\u8a9e\u3002\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3002.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u5e74\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/td><td><em>Rainen, nihongo o benky\u014d shimasu.<\/em><\/td><td>\u6211\u660e\u5e74\u8981\u5b78\u7fd2\u65e5\u8a9e\u3002\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3002.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>\u52d5\u8a5e <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/span> \u5728\u4e09\u53e5\u8a71\u4e4b\u9593\u4e0d\u8b8a\u3002\u662f <span lang=\"ja\">\u6bce\u65e5<\/span> (\u6bcf\u5929)\u3001, <span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u6669<\/span> (\u4eca\u665a)\u548c <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u5e74<\/span> (ano que vem) que orientam a interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kyozai.jpf.go.jp\/kyozai\/material\/BTS00162\/ja\/render.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">explica\u00e7\u00e3o da Japan Foundation sobre V\u307e\u3059<\/a> classifica <span lang=\"ja\">V\u307e\u3059\uff0fV\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span> como formas n\u00e3o passadas e registra seu uso para h\u00e1bitos, estados, planos e inten\u00e7\u00f5es futuras.<\/p>\n\n<p>Chamar essa forma apenas de \u201cpresente\u201d pode induzir ao erro. O nome <strong>\u975e\u904e\u53bb<\/strong> \u00e9 mais preciso porque a a\u00e7\u00e3o pode ocorrer agora, regularmente ou depois do momento da fala. Para revisar a conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o polida, consulte a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/%e6%a1%9d\/\">\u65e5\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684 \u307e\u3059 \u5f62<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Futuro na forma polida e na forma simples<\/h2>\n\n<p>A ideia de futuro funciona tanto na forma polida quanto na forma simples. A diferen\u00e7a principal \u00e9 o registro, n\u00e3o o tempo:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Registro<\/th><th>Afirmativa<\/th><th>\u5426\u5b9a\u5f62<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Polido<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u5929\u6211\u8981\u53bb\u6771\u4eac\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Ashita, T\u014dky\u014d ni ikimasu.<\/em><br \/>Amanh\u00e3, vou a T\u00f3quio.<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u65e5\u3001\u6771\u4eac\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Ashita, T\u014dky\u014d ni ikimasen.<\/em><br \/>Amanh\u00e3, n\u00e3o vou a T\u00f3quio.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Simples<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u65e5\u3001\u6771\u4eac\u306b\u884c\u304f\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Ashita, T\u014dky\u014d ni iku.<\/em><br \/>Amanh\u00e3, vou a T\u00f3quio.<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u65e5\u3001\u6771\u4eac\u306b\u884c\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Ashita, T\u014dky\u014d ni ikanai.<\/em><br \/>Amanh\u00e3, n\u00e3o vou a T\u00f3quio.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Em todas as frases, <span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u65e5<\/span> torna a refer\u00eancia futura expl\u00edcita. Sem essa express\u00e3o, <span lang=\"ja\">\u6771\u4eac\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span> ainda pode significar \u201cvou a T\u00f3quio\u201d, desde que a conversa j\u00e1 deixe claro quando isso acontecer\u00e1. A <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/%e6%97%a5%e8%aa%9e%e5%8b%95%e8%a9%9e%e7%9a%84%e9%9d%9e%e6%ad%a3%e5%bc%8f%e5%bd%a2%e5%bc%8f\/\">\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u5f62<\/a> ajuda a entender pares como <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304f\uff0f\u884c\u304b\u306a\u3044<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Express\u00f5es de tempo que indicam o futuro<\/h2>\n\n<p>Estas palavras aparecem com frequ\u00eancia em frases sobre a\u00e7\u00f5es futuras:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>\u65e5\u8bed<\/th><th>\u95b1\u8b80<\/th><th>\u610f\u7fa9<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u65e5<\/span><\/td><td><em>ashita<\/em><\/td><td>amanh\u00e3<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3055\u3063\u3066<\/span><\/td><td><em>asatte<\/em><\/td><td>depois de amanh\u00e3<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u6669<\/span><\/td><td><em>konban<\/em><\/td><td>hoje \u00e0 noite<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f8c\u3067<\/span><\/td><td><em>ato de<\/em><\/td><td>mais tarde, depois<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u304b\u3089<\/span><\/td><td><em>kore kara<\/em><\/td><td>daqui em diante, a partir de agora<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u5ea6<\/span><\/td><td><em>kondo<\/em><\/td><td>da pr\u00f3xima vez; em uma pr\u00f3xima ocasi\u00e3o<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u9031<\/span><\/td><td><em>raish\u016b<\/em><\/td><td>semana que vem<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u6708<\/span><\/td><td><em>raigetsu<\/em><\/td><td>m\u00eas que vem<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u5e74<\/span><\/td><td><em>rainen<\/em><\/td><td>ano que vem<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Veja alguns exemplos:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u4ed6\u7a0d\u5f8c\u6703\u4f86\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kare wa ato de kimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nEle vir\u00e1 mais tarde.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u5f8c\u6211\u6703\u66f4\u52a0\u52aa\u529b\u5b78\u7fd2\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kore kara motto benky\u014d shimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nDaqui em diante, vou estudar mais.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u6708\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u8eca\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Raigetsu, atarashii kuruma o kaimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nNo m\u00eas que vem, vou comprar um carro novo.<\/p>\n\n<p>Nem toda express\u00e3o de tempo exige uma part\u00edcula. Palavras relativas como <span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u65e5<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u9031<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u5e74<\/span> normalmente aparecem sem <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span>. Para ampliar esse repert\u00f3rio e observar a posi\u00e7\u00e3o dessas palavras na frase, veja o artigo sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/%e6%97%a5%e8%aa%9e%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%89%af%e8%a9%9e\/\">\u526f\u8a5e<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads10-->\n\n<h2>Como marcar inten\u00e7\u00e3o e planos<\/h2>\n\n<p>O verbo no n\u00e3o passado com uma express\u00e3o temporal pode bastar: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u5e74\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span> significa \u201cvou ao Jap\u00e3o no ano que vem\u201d. Quando a inten\u00e7\u00e3o ou o planejamento \u00e9 o foco, outras constru\u00e7\u00f5es acrescentam nuances.<\/p>\n\n<h3>V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059: inten\u00e7\u00e3o assumida<\/h3>\n\n<p>Use a forma simples n\u00e3o passada seguida de <span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span> para apresentar uma inten\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u5e74\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Rainen, Nihon e iku tsumori desu.<\/em><br \/>\nPretendo ir ao Jap\u00e3o no ano que vem.<\/p>\n\n<p>Na negativa, <span lang=\"ja\">V\u306a\u3044\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span> comunica a inten\u00e7\u00e3o de n\u00e3o realizar a a\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u9031\u306f\u5916\u98df\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Konsh\u016b wa gaishoku shinai tsumori desu.<\/em><br \/>\nPretendo n\u00e3o comer fora esta semana.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\uff0c\u5b83\u6c92\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5c07\u63a5\u8fd1\u65bc\u300c\u8a08\u5283\u67d0\u4e8b\u300d\u6216\u300c\u6253\u7b97\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\u300d\u3002<\/span> destaca a inten\u00e7\u00e3o do falante, mas n\u00e3o garante que o fato ocorrer\u00e1. O guia sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/%e4%bb%a5%e3%81%a4%e3%82%82%e3%82%8a%e8%a1%a8%e9%81%94%e7%9a%84%e8%a8%88%e7%95%ab%e8%88%87%e6%84%8f%e5%9c%96\/\">\u3064\u3082\u308a para planos e inten\u00e7\u00f5es<\/a> explica a forma\u00e7\u00e3o, a negativa e os cuidados de uso com mais profundidade.<\/p>\n\n<h3>V\u308b\u4e88\u5b9a\u3067\u3059: algo programado<\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u4e88\u5b9a<\/span> (<em>yotei<\/em>) se refere a plano, agenda ou programa\u00e7\u00e3o. A estrutura <span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b\u4e88\u5b9a\u3067\u3059<\/span> \u00e9 adequada quando a a\u00e7\u00e3o integra um plano mais concreto:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u4f1a\u8b70\u306f\u4e09\u6642\u306b\u59cb\u307e\u308b\u4e88\u5b9a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kaigi wa sanji ni hajimaru yotei desu.<\/em><br \/>\nA reuni\u00e3o est\u00e1 programada para come\u00e7ar \u00e0s tr\u00eas.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u6708\u3001\u5f15\u3063\u8d8a\u3059\u4e88\u5b9a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Raigetsu, hikkosu yotei desu.<\/em><br \/>\nTenho uma mudan\u00e7a programada para o m\u00eas que vem.<\/p>\n\n<p>Uma maneira pr\u00e1tica de distinguir as duas constru\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e9: <span lang=\"ja\">\uff0c\u5b83\u6c92\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5c07\u63a5\u8fd1\u65bc\u300c\u8a08\u5283\u67d0\u4e8b\u300d\u6216\u300c\u6253\u7b97\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\u300d\u3002<\/span> destaca a inten\u00e7\u00e3o mental; <span lang=\"ja\">\u4e88\u5b9a<\/span> destaca o plano ou cronograma. Na vida real, os sentidos podem se aproximar, e a escolha depende do que o falante deseja enfatizar.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como fazer previs\u00f5es sobre o futuro<\/h2>\n\n<p>Quando voc\u00ea n\u00e3o anuncia uma decis\u00e3o, mas avalia o que provavelmente acontecer\u00e1, pode usar express\u00f5es de previs\u00e3o e possibilidade.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046: previs\u00e3o prov\u00e1vel<\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/span> indica uma previs\u00e3o ou avalia\u00e7\u00e3o apresentada como prov\u00e1vel:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u65e5\u306f\u5bd2\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Ashita wa samuku naru desh\u014d.<\/em><br \/>\nProvavelmente ficar\u00e1 frio amanh\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093: possibilidade<\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span> indica que algo pode acontecer, mas o falante n\u00e3o afirma que seja prov\u00e1vel:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u9031\u3001\u5927\u962a\u306b\u884c\u304f\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Raish\u016b, \u014csaka ni iku kamoshiremasen.<\/em><br \/>\nTalvez eu v\u00e1 a Osaka na semana que vem.<\/p>\n\n<p>O <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp\/mt\/ja\/gmod\/courses\/c01\/lesson19\/step2\/explanation\/076.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">m\u00f3dulo de gram\u00e1tica da Tokyo University of Foreign Studies<\/a> explica que <span lang=\"ja\">\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span> apresenta uma possibilidade e a compara a <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/span>, que comunica uma avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de probabilidade mais alta.<\/p>\n\n<h3>V\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059: sinais de que algo acontecer\u00e1<\/h3>\n\n<p>Quando a previs\u00e3o se baseia em sinais vis\u00edveis ou imediatos, o radical da forma <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span> pode receber <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u96e8\u304c\u964d\u308a\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Ame ga furis\u014d desu.<\/em><br \/>\nParece que vai chover.<\/p>\n\n<p>Aqui, o falante percebe ind\u00edcios de chuva. N\u00e3o confunda esse padr\u00e3o com <span lang=\"ja\">\u666e\u901a\u5f62 + \u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059<\/span>, usado para transmitir informa\u00e7\u00e3o ouvida de outra fonte. A forma da palavra anterior a <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059<\/span> \u00e9 importante para distinguir os dois usos.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Desejo e convite n\u00e3o s\u00e3o simplesmente \u201cfuturo\u201d<\/h2>\n\n<p>Algumas express\u00f5es falam de a\u00e7\u00f5es que ainda n\u00e3o ocorreram, mas t\u00eam outra fun\u00e7\u00e3o principal:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">V\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span> expressa desejo: <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span> \u2014 \u201cquero ir ao Jap\u00e3o\u201d. N\u00e3o confirma que existe um plano.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">V\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/span> prop\u00f5e uma a\u00e7\u00e3o conjunta ou, em certos contextos, oferece-se para fazer algo: <span lang=\"ja\">\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/span> \u2014 \u201cvamos estudar juntos\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Para n\u00e3o confundir vontade com inten\u00e7\u00e3o definida, compare o guia da <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/%e6%97%a5%e8%aa%9e%e5%8b%95%e8%a9%9e%e7%9a%84%e3%80%8ctai%e3%80%8d%e5%bd%a2%e5%bc%8f\/\">\u305f\u3044\u5f62<\/a> com o artigo sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/%e6%97%a5%e8%aa%9e%e5%8b%95%e8%a9%9e%e7%9a%84%e3%81%be%e3%81%99%e5%bd%a2\/\">convites e sugest\u00f5es com \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Compare diferentes maneiras de falar do mesmo futuro<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>\u53e5\u5b50<\/th><th>O que enfatiza<\/th><th>\u5927\u81f4\u7ffb\u8b6f<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u53bb\u65e5\u672c\u3002<\/span><\/td><td>A\u00e7\u00e3o futura no contexto<\/td><td>Vou ao Jap\u00e3o no ano que vem.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u5e74\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/td><td>Inten\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td><td>Pretendo ir ao Jap\u00e3o no ano que vem.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u5e74\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304f\u4e88\u5b9a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/td><td>Plano ou programa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td><td>Est\u00e1 nos meus planos ir ao Jap\u00e3o no ano que vem.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u5e74\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304f\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><\/td><td>Possibilidade<\/td><td>Talvez eu v\u00e1 ao Jap\u00e3o no ano que vem.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u5e74\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/td><td>Desejo<\/td><td>Quero ir ao Jap\u00e3o no ano que vem.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>As tradu\u00e7\u00f5es em portugu\u00eas podem se sobrepor, mas as frases japonesas apresentam a a\u00e7\u00e3o de maneiras diferentes. Pergunte se voc\u00ea est\u00e1 anunciando o que far\u00e1, revelando uma inten\u00e7\u00e3o, informando um plano, avaliando uma possibilidade ou expressando um desejo.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Di\u00e1logo: combinando o fim de semana<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A\uff1a<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u9031\u672b\u3001\u4f55\u3092\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Sh\u016bmatsu, nani o shimasu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nO que voc\u00ea vai fazer no fim de semana?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B\uff1a<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u571f\u66dc\u65e5\u306f\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u306b\u4f1a\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u65e5\u66dc\u65e5\u306f\u5bb6\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Doy\u014dbi wa tomodachi ni aimasu. Nichiy\u014dbi wa ie de benky\u014d suru tsumori desu.<\/em><br \/>\nNo s\u00e1bado, vou encontrar um amigo. No domingo, pretendo estudar em casa.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A\uff1a<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u5929\u6c17\u4e88\u5831\u3067\u306f\u3001\u65e5\u66dc\u65e5\u306f\u96e8\u304c\u964d\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Tenki yoh\u014d de wa, nichiy\u014dbi wa ame ga furu kamoshiremasen.<\/em><br \/>\nSegundo a previs\u00e3o do tempo, talvez chova no domingo.<\/p>\n\n<p>O di\u00e1logo combina tr\u00eas recursos: o n\u00e3o passado com um dia definido, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span> para inten\u00e7\u00e3o e <span lang=\"ja\">\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span> para possibilidade. Essa combina\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 mais natural do que tentar criar uma \u00fanica \u201cconjuga\u00e7\u00e3o do futuro\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Erros comuns ao falar do futuro em japon\u00eas<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Procurar uma termina\u00e7\u00e3o exclusiva de futuro:<\/strong> as formas b\u00e1sicas do verbo op\u00f5em passado e n\u00e3o passado.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Traduzir toda forma n\u00e3o passada como presente:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u65e5\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span> \u00e9 futuro porque <span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u65e5<\/span> significa \u201camanh\u00e3\u201d.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u975e\u5e38\u7c21\u55ae\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u5275\u5efa\u4e00\u500b\u666e\u901a\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u4e26\u5728 <span lang=\"ja\">\uff0c\u5b83\u6c92\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5c07\u63a5\u8fd1\u65bc\u300c\u8a08\u5283\u67d0\u4e8b\u300d\u6216\u300c\u6253\u7b97\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\u300d\u3002<\/span> como garantia:<\/strong> a constru\u00e7\u00e3o comunica inten\u00e7\u00e3o; o plano ainda pode mudar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5c07 <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044<\/span> como compromisso:<\/strong> querer fazer algo n\u00e3o significa ter decidido ou programado a a\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Confundir os dois <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059<\/span>:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u964d\u308a\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059<\/span> indica sinais de chuva; <span lang=\"ja\">\u964d\u308b\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059<\/span> transmite uma informa\u00e7\u00e3o ouvida.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Repetir sujeitos sem necessidade:<\/strong> quando o contexto identifica a pessoa, o japon\u00eas frequentemente omite \u201ceu\u201d, \u201cele\u201d ou \u201cela\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Exerc\u00edcio r\u00e1pido<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li>Acrescente \u201camanh\u00e3\u201d a <span lang=\"ja\">\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/span> para deixar a a\u00e7\u00e3o claramente futura.<\/li>\n<li>Diga \u201cN\u00e3o vou trabalhar na semana que vem\u201d na forma polida.<\/li>\n<li>Expresse a inten\u00e7\u00e3o \u201cPretendo ler este livro\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>Expresse a possibilidade \u201cTalvez chova amanh\u00e3\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>Qual frase indica um plano mais concreto: <span lang=\"ja\">\u65c5\u884c\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span> \u6216 <span lang=\"ja\">\u65c5\u884c\u3059\u308b\u4e88\u5b9a\u3067\u3059<\/span>?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p><strong>\u7b54\u6848\uff1a<\/strong> 1. <span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u65e5\u3001\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span> 2. <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u9031\u306f\u50cd\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span> 3. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span> 4. <span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u65e5\u306f\u96e8\u304c\u964d\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span> 5. <span lang=\"ja\">\u65c5\u884c\u3059\u308b\u4e88\u5b9a\u3067\u3059<\/span>, pois <span lang=\"ja\">\u4e88\u5b9a<\/span> apresenta a viagem como parte de um plano; <span lang=\"ja\">\u65c5\u884c\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span> expressa desejo.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u7e3d\u7d50<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li>O japon\u00eas n\u00e3o possui uma conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o verbal b\u00e1sica exclusiva para o futuro.<\/li>\n<li>A forma n\u00e3o passada pode expressar h\u00e1bito, estado ou a\u00e7\u00e3o futura.<\/li>\n<li>Express\u00f5es como <span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u65e5<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u9031<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u5e74<\/span> situam a a\u00e7\u00e3o no futuro.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span> destaca inten\u00e7\u00e3o, enquanto <span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b\u4e88\u5b9a\u3067\u3059<\/span> destaca plano ou programa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">V\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059<\/span> acrescentam diferentes nuances de previs\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">V\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span> expressa desejo, e <span lang=\"ja\">V\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/span> \u00e9 usado principalmente para propostas e convites.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Dominar essas diferen\u00e7as evita tradu\u00e7\u00f5es mec\u00e2nicas e ajuda voc\u00ea a escolher a forma que combina com sua inten\u00e7\u00e3o. Para organizar o estudo de tempos, formas verbais e estrutura de frases, retome os <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/%e5%9f%ba%e7%a4%8e%e6%97%a5%e8%aa%9e%e6%96%87%e6%b3%95\/\">\u65e5\u8a9e\u6587\u6cd5\u57fa\u790e<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-690306ad6bdad\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u65e5\u8a9e\u6709\u672a\u4f86\u5f0f\u55ce\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u65e5\u8a9e\u6c92\u6709\u5c08\u9580\u7528\u65bc\u672a\u4f86\u5f0f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u52d5\u8a5e\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u975e\u904e\u53bb\u5f0f\u7d50\u5408\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u6216\u50cf\u660e\u65e5\u548c\u6765\u9031\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-fd360a4aeb7c6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u65e5\u8a9e\u8aaa\u300cvou fazer\u300d\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u904e\u53bb\u5f0f\u52d5\u8a5e\uff0c\u8b93\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u6307\u793a\u672a\u4f86\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u660e\u65e5\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059 \u610f\u601d\u662f\u2018\u6211\u660e\u5929\u6703\u5b78\u7fd2\u2019\u3002\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f \u660e\u65e5\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-61fc69c23d7d2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u65e5\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u4e2d\u73fe\u5728\u5f0f\u548c\u672a\u4f86\u5f0f\u7684\u5340\u5225\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u57fa\u672c\u6d3b\u7528\u5340\u5206\u904e\u53bb\u8207\u975e\u904e\u53bb\u3002\u975e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u9054\u7fd2\u6163\u3001\u72c0\u614b\u6216\u672a\u4f86\uff1b\u6642\u9593\u8868\u9054\u548c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5176\u89e3\u91cb\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-32bded71ad897\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u54ea\u4e9b\u8a5e\u8a9e\u5728\u65e5\u8a9e\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u672a\u4f86\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u6709 \u660e\u65e5\uff08\u660e\u5929\uff09\u3001\u3042\u3055\u3063\u3066\uff08\u5f8c\u5929\uff09\u3001\u4eca\u6669\uff08\u4eca\u665a\uff09\u3001\u5f8c\u3067\uff08\u7a0d\u5f8c\uff09\u3001\u6765\u9031\uff08\u4e0b\u9031\uff09\u3001\u6765\u6708\uff08\u4e0b\u500b\u6708\uff09\u548c \u6765\u5e74\uff08\u660e\u5e74\uff09\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-791755839d898\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u3064\u3082\u308a \u548c \u4e88\u5b9a \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3064\u3082\u308a \u5f37\u8abf\u8aaa\u8a71\u8005\u7684\u610f\u5716\uff0c\u800c \u4e88\u5b9a \u5247\u5f37\u8abf\u66f4\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u3001\u65e5\u7a0b\u6216\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u800c\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-550e107f14c38\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u65e5\u8a9e\u4e2d\u8868\u9054\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u5728\u7c21\u55ae\u5f62\u5f0f\u5f8c\u52a0\u4e0a\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u4f86\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff1a\u6765\u9031\u3001\u5927\u962a\u306b\u884c\u304f\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u300e\u4e5f\u8a31\u6211\u4e0b\u9031\u6703\u53bb\u5927\u962a\u300f\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1116ce9d6f4bf\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u548c\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u901a\u5e38\u5c07\u9810\u6e2c\u5448\u73fe\u70ba\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093 \u50c5\u9673\u8ff0\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-902fcfbfb79d7\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u305f\u3044\u5f62\u8868\u793a\u672a\u4f86\u55ce\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u4e26\u975e\u55ae\u7368\u5982\u6b64\u3002V\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u8868\u9054\u9858\u671b\uff0c\u5982\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\uff0c\u300e\u60f3\u53bb\u65e5\u672c\u300f\u3002\u671f\u671b\u67d0\u500b\u884c\u52d5\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5b83\u5df2\u7d93\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6216\u8a08\u5283\u597d\u4e86\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u975e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u6642\u9593\u526f\u8a5e\u3001\u610f\u5716\u3001\u8a08\u5283\u3001\u9810\u6e2c\u548c\u5be6\u4f8b\u4f86\u8868\u9054\u65e5\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u3002.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1776,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[69,27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1774","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1774"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1774\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4447,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1774\/revisions\/4447"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1776"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}