{"id":2099,"date":"2009-11-03T06:27:29","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T08:27:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2099"},"modified":"2026-08-19T20:03:38","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T23:03:38","slug":"%e6%97%a5%e8%aa%9e%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e5%8f%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/frases-imperativas-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"\u65e5\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62\uff1a\u69cb\u6210\u3001\u7528\u6cd5\u8207\u66ff\u4ee3\u5f62\u5f0f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>O <strong>\u65e5\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62<\/strong> \u7528\u65bc\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0b\u9054\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u6307\u793a\u6216\u8b66\u544a\u3002\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba <span lang=\"ja\">\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62<\/span> (<em>meireikei<\/em>)\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u7dca\u6025\u60c5\u6cc1\u3001\u9ad4\u80b2\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u6232\u5287\u6027\u5c0d\u8a71\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u5c0d\u8a71\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u904e\u65bc\u5f37\u786c\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u66f4\u79ae\u8c8c\u5730\u8acb\u6c42\u67d0\u4e8b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u9078\u64c7\u50cf <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span> \u6216 <span lang=\"ja\">V\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u6307\u5357\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u5c07\u5b78\u7fd2\u5982\u4f55\u69cb\u6210\u65e5\u8a9e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u53e5\u3001\u5340\u5206\u4e09\u985e\u52d5\u8a5e\uff0c\u4e26\u5728 <span lang=\"ja\">\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u304f\u308c<\/span> \u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u66ff\u4ee3\u8868\u9054\u4e4b\u9593\u505a\u51fa\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\uff1a <strong>\u8b8a\u5f62\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u985e\u5225\uff0c\u800c\u8868\u9054\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u60c5\u5883\u548c\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u65e5\u8a9e\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62\uff1a\u5feb\u901f\u6458\u8981<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>\u5f62\u5f0f<\/th><th>\u7bc4\u4f8b<\/th><th>\u5f37\u5ea6\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u6cd5<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u3051<\/span><\/td><td>\u76f4\u63a5\u4e14\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5b57\u5178\u5f62 + <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304f\u306a<\/span><\/td><td>\u76f4\u63a5\u7981\u6b62\uff1a\u300c\u4e0d\u8981\u53bb\u300d\u201c<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u8a5e\u5e79 + <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span> + <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>\u5e36\u6709\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u6307\u793a\u6216\u65a5\u8cac<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5f62\u5f0f <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066<\/span> + <span lang=\"ja\">\u8acb<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u3063\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>\u79ae\u8c8c\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6216\u6307\u793a<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5f62\u5f0f <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3044\u3067<\/span> + <span lang=\"ja\">\u8acb<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8acb\u4e0d\u8981\u96e2\u958b<\/span><\/td><td>\u79ae\u8c8c\u6027\u5730\u8acb\u6c42\u4e0d\u8981\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5f62\u5f0f <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066<\/span> + <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u308c<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8acb\u53bb\u5427<\/span><\/td><td>\u76f4\u63a5\u4e14\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u8acb\u6c42<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u8981\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u8996\u70ba\u5b8c\u5168\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u5c0e\u807d\u8005\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u4f46\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u5f37\u5236\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u79ae\u8c8c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u89aa\u8fd1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5c1a\u672a\u638c\u63e1\u52d5\u8a5e\u5206\u985e\uff0c\u8acb\u5728\u8a18\u61b6\u6d3b\u7528\u8868\u4e4b\u524d\u5148\u8907\u7fd2 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/%e6%97%a5%e8%aa%9e%e5%8b%95%e8%a9%9e%e7%9a%84%e7%b5%84%e5%88%a5\/\">\u65e5\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u985e\u5225<\/a> antes de memorizar a tabela de conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u7b2c\u4e00\u985e\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u985e\u52d5\u8a5e\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba <strong>godan<\/strong>, ,\u5b57\u5178\u5f62\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u97f3\u62cd\u5f9e <em>u<\/em> \u6bb5\u8f49\u79fb\u5230 <em>e<\/em>. \u6bb5\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u8868\u683c\u66f4\u63db\u7d50\u5c3e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>\u7d50\u5c3e<\/th><th>\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62<\/th><th>\u7bc4\u4f8b<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3046<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3048<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3046 \u2192 \u8cb7\u3048<\/span> (<em>kau \u2192 kae<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u304f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3051<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u304f \u2192 \u66f8\u3051<\/span> (<em>kaku \u2192 kake<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3050<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3052<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6cf3\u3050 \u2192 \u6cf3\u3052<\/span> (<em>oyogu \u2192 oyoge<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u305b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u3059 \u2192 \u8a71\u305b<\/span> (<em>hanasu \u2192 hanase<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3064<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3066<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f85\u3064 \u2192 \u5f85\u3066<\/span> (<em>matsu \u2192 mate<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306c<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306d<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6b7b\u306c \u2192 \u6b7b\u306d<\/span> (<em>shinu \u2192 shine<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3076<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3079<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u904a\u3076 \u2192 \u904a\u3079<\/span> (<em>asobu \u2192 asobe<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3080<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3081<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3080 \u2192 \u8aad\u3081<\/span> (<em>yomu \u2192 yome<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u308c<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b \u2192 \u5e30\u308c<\/span> (<em>kaeru \u2192 kaere<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>A \u00faltima linha evita um erro frequente: <strong>nem todo verbo terminado em <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span> pertence ao grupo 2<\/strong>. <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> (voltar), <span lang=\"ja\">\u5165\u308b<\/span> (entrar) e <span lang=\"ja\">\u8d70\u308b<\/span> (correr) s\u00e3o verbos do grupo 1; por isso, viram <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308c<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u5165\u308c<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u8d70\u308c<\/span>. A explica\u00e7\u00e3o sobre os <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp\/modules\/ja\/gmod\/contents_m\/explanation\/039.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tr\u00eas tipos de verbo da Tokyo University of Foreign Studies<\/a> tamb\u00e9m alerta que existem verbos em <em>-iru<\/em> e <em>-eru<\/em> no grupo 1.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como formar o imperativo dos verbos do grupo 2<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nos verbos do grupo 2, ou <strong>ichidan<\/strong>, \u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u7d50\u5c3e\u7684 <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span> \u4e26\u52a0\u4e0a <span lang=\"ja\">\u308d<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u308d<\/span> (<em>taberu \u2192 tabero<\/em>) \u2014 coma;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u308b \u2192 \u898b\u308d<\/span> (<em>miru \u2192 miro<\/em>) \u2014 olhe;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b \u2192 \u8d77\u304d\u308d<\/span> (<em>okiru \u2192 okiro<\/em>) \u2014 acorde;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6559\u3048\u308b \u2192 \u6559\u3048\u308d<\/span> (<em>oshieru \u2192 oshiero<\/em>) \u2014 ensine ou conte.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Alguns materiais tamb\u00e9m registram uma termina\u00e7\u00e3o em <span lang=\"ja\">\u3088<\/span>\u4f8b\u5982 <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3088<\/span>, sobretudo em estilos escritos ou liter\u00e1rios. Para a comunica\u00e7\u00e3o moderna, <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308d<\/span> \u00e9 a forma mais \u00fatil para reconhecer primeiro. O <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gavo.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp\/ojad\/search\/index\/textbook%3A13\/section%3A50\/order%3Aname\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">OJAD, da Universidade de T\u00f3quio<\/a>, permite consultar a forma imperativa de verbos por grupo.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Imperativo de \u3059\u308b e \u6765\u308b<\/h2>\n\n<p>Os dois verbos irregulares principais t\u00eam formas pr\u00f3prias:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u308d<\/span> (<em>suru \u2192 shiro<\/em>) \u2014 fa\u00e7a;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3044<\/span> (<em>kuru \u2192 koi<\/em>) \u2014 venha.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u305b\u3088<\/span> \u00e9 outra forma de <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> que aparece em linguagem escrita, instru\u00e7\u00f5es formais, quest\u00f5es de prova e express\u00f5es fixas. Na fala cotidiana, voc\u00ea provavelmente encontrar\u00e1 <span lang=\"ja\">\u3057\u308d<\/span> com mais frequ\u00eancia.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Exemplos da forma imperativa direta<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u5371\u306a\u3044\uff01\u9003\u3052\u308d\uff01<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Abunai! Nigero!<\/em><br \/>\nPerigo! Fuja!<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u30dc\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u898b\u308d\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>B\u014dru o miro.<\/em><br \/>\nOlhe para a bola.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b\u306b\u3057\u308d\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Shizuka ni shiro.<\/em><br \/>\nFique quieto.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3063\u3061\u3078\u6765\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kocchi e koi.<\/em><br \/>\nVenha para c\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<p>As tradu\u00e7\u00f5es em portugu\u00eas podem parecer normais fora de contexto, mas as frases japonesas acima s\u00e3o diretas. Entona\u00e7\u00e3o, urg\u00eancia, papel social e situa\u00e7\u00e3o alteram a interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como formar o imperativo negativo com \u306a<\/h2>\n\n<p>A proibi\u00e7\u00e3o direta \u00e9 formada com <strong>o verbo na forma do dicion\u00e1rio seguido de <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span><\/strong>. \u7684\u8f14\u52a9\u8b80\u97f3\u4e2d\u3002 <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span> vem depois do verbo:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b\u306a\u3002<\/span> (<em>Taberu na.<\/em>) \u2014 N\u00e3o coma.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304f\u306a\u3002<\/span> (<em>Iku na.<\/em>) \u2014 N\u00e3o v\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053\u306b\u5165\u308b\u306a\u3002<\/span> (<em>Koko ni hairu na.<\/em>) \u2014 N\u00e3o entre aqui.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5fc3\u914d\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3002<\/span> (<em>Shinpai suru na.<\/em>) \u2014 N\u00e3o se preocupe.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b\u306a\u3002<\/span> (<em>Kuru na.<\/em>) \u2014 N\u00e3o venha.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>N\u00e3o confunda essa constru\u00e7\u00e3o com outros usos de <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span> no fim da frase. Aqui, a sequ\u00eancia <span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b\u306a<\/span> funciona como uma proibi\u00e7\u00e3o forte. Para falar diretamente com algu\u00e9m com mais cuidado, use <span lang=\"ja\">V\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span>. Para explicar regras e coisas que n\u00e3o s\u00e3o permitidas, consulte o guia sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%9c%a8%e6%97%a5%e8%aa%9e%e4%b8%ad%e5%85%81%e8%a8%b1%e5%92%8c%e7%a6%81%e6%ad%a2\/\">como pedir permiss\u00e3o e proibir em japon\u00eas<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads6-->\n\n<h2>Quando a forma imperativa \u00e9 usada<\/h2>\n\n<p>A forma imperativa direta n\u00e3o \u00e9 simplesmente \u201cerrada\u201d ou \u201cproibida\u201d na conversa. Ela \u00e9 adequada quando a for\u00e7a do comando combina com a situa\u00e7\u00e3o. Pode aparecer em:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>avisos urgentes: <span lang=\"ja\">\u9003\u3052\u308d\uff01<\/span> \u2014 \u201cFuja!\u201d;<\/li>\n<li>instru\u00e7\u00f5es r\u00e1pidas em esportes e atividades de equipe;<\/li>\n<li>ordens institucionais, militares ou de algu\u00e9m com autoridade expl\u00edcita;<\/li>\n<li>frases de incentivo, lemas e linguagem ret\u00f3rica;<\/li>\n<li>di\u00e1logos de fic\u00e7\u00e3o e cita\u00e7\u00f5es de uma ordem: <span lang=\"ja\">\u300c\u6765\u3044\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u305f<\/span> \u2014 \u201cdisse \u2018venha\u2019\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Entre desconhecidos, colegas sem intimidade ou em atendimento, a mesma forma pode soar agressiva. Anime, mang\u00e1, filmes e jogos s\u00e3o \u00fateis para reconhecer o padr\u00e3o, mas o di\u00e1logo dram\u00e1tico n\u00e3o deve ser copiado automaticamente para uma conversa real.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o h\u00e1 uma divis\u00e3o segura do tipo \u201cesta forma \u00e9 de homem\u201d ou \u201caquela \u00e9 de mulher\u201d. Tend\u00eancias de fala variam por \u00e9poca, regi\u00e3o, personagem, grupo e identidade. Para aprender a usar o imperativo, observe principalmente <strong>registro, hierarquia, intimidade, urg\u00eancia e inten\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Alternativas ao imperativo direto<\/h2>\n\n<h3>V\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044: pedido ou instru\u00e7\u00e3o polida<\/h3>\n\n<p>Use a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/%e6%97%a5%e8%aa%9e%e5%8b%95%e8%a9%9e%e7%9a%84%e8%ae%8a%e4%bd%8d%e5%bd%a2%e5%bc%8f\/\">\u3066\u5f62<\/a> seguida de <span lang=\"ja\">\u8acb<\/span> para formular um pedido ou uma instru\u00e7\u00e3o polida:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053\u306b\u540d\u524d\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Koko ni namae o kaite kudasai.<\/em><br \/>\nPor favor, escreva seu nome aqui.<\/p>\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kyozai.jpf.go.jp\/kyozai\/material\/BTS00149\/ja\/render.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">explica\u00e7\u00e3o da Japan Foundation para V\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/a> apresenta a constru\u00e7\u00e3o como uma maneira polida de dar instru\u00e7\u00f5es ou comandos. \u201cPolida\u201d n\u00e3o significa necessariamente \u201copcional\u201d: em sala de aula, formul\u00e1rios e procedimentos, ela pode ser uma instru\u00e7\u00e3o que se espera que a pessoa siga.<\/p>\n\n<h3>V\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044: pe\u00e7a para n\u00e3o fazer<\/h3>\n\n<p>Para pedir que algu\u00e9m n\u00e3o realize uma a\u00e7\u00e3o, use a forma negativa em <span lang=\"ja\">\u6c92\u6709<\/span>, acrescente <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span> e obtenha <span lang=\"ja\">V\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053\u3067\u5199\u771f\u3092\u64ae\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Koko de shashin o toranaide kudasai.<\/em><br \/>\nPor favor, n\u00e3o tire fotos aqui.<\/p>\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kyozai.jpf.go.jp\/kyozai\/material\/BTS00136\/ja\/render.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japan Foundation explica V\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/a> como uma instru\u00e7\u00e3o para n\u00e3o fazer algo e destaca a import\u00e2ncia da rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre falante e ouvinte.<\/p>\n\n<h3>V\u306a\u3055\u3044: instru\u00e7\u00e3o, corre\u00e7\u00e3o ou repreens\u00e3o<\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span> se liga ao radical da <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/%e6%a1%9d\/\">\u307e\u3059 \u5f62<\/a>. Retire <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span> \u4e26\u52a0\u4e0a <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059 \u2192 \u66f8\u304d\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span> \u2014 escreva;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059 \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span> \u2014 coma;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3057\u307e\u3059 \u2192 \u3057\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span> \u2014 fa\u00e7a;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u307e\u3059 \u2192 \u6765\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span> \u2014 venha.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Essa forma \u00e9 comum em instru\u00e7\u00f5es de pais ou respons\u00e1veis a crian\u00e7as, de professores a alunos e em outras rela\u00e7\u00f5es nas quais o falante assume autoridade ou responsabilidade. Ela pode soar menos abrupta que <span lang=\"ja\">\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62<\/span>, mas ainda \u00e9 uma ordem e n\u00e3o equivale simplesmente a \u201cpor favor\u201d. Seu uso n\u00e3o \u00e9 determinado pelo g\u00eanero do falante.<\/p>\n\n<h3>V\u3066 e V\u3066\u304f\u308c: pedidos informais<\/h3>\n\n<p>Entre pessoas pr\u00f3ximas, a forma <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066<\/span> sozinha pode funcionar como um pedido casual:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u5f85\u3063\u3066\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Chotto matte.<\/em><br \/>\nEspere um pouco.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u304f\u308c<\/span> apresenta a a\u00e7\u00e3o como algo que o ouvinte far\u00e1 para o falante. \u00c9 informal, direto e pode soar \u00e1spero:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u624b\u7d19\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u304f\u308c\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kono tegami o yonde kure.<\/em><br \/>\nLeia esta carta para mim.<\/p>\n\n<p>Com algu\u00e9m de posi\u00e7\u00e3o superior ou em um pedido delicado, prefira constru\u00e7\u00f5es interrogativas mais cuidadosas, como <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u3051\u307e\u3059\u304b<\/span>, \uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u304f\u308c<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>V\u305f\u307e\u3048: forma marcada que conv\u00e9m reconhecer<\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">V\u305f\u307e\u3048<\/span> \u00e9 formado com o radical de <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span>: <span lang=\"ja\">\u5ea7\u308a\u307e\u3059 \u2192 \u5ea7\u308a\u305f\u307e\u3048<\/span>. Hoje, essa forma tende a soar marcada, antiga, autorit\u00e1ria ou associada a certos personagens e estilos. \u00c9 \u00fatil para compreens\u00e3o de fic\u00e7\u00e3o e textos, mas n\u00e3o deve ser tratada como alternativa neutra para pedidos cotidianos.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Compare a mesma a\u00e7\u00e3o em n\u00edveis diferentes<\/h2>\n\n<p>Veja como \u201cler este livro\u201d muda de acordo com a forma escolhida:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>\u53e5\u5b50<\/th><th>\u95b1\u8b80<\/th><th>\u89e3\u91cb<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3081\u3002<\/span><\/td><td><em>Kono hon o yome.<\/em><\/td><td>Leia este livro. Ordem direta.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/td><td><em>Kono hon o yominasai.<\/em><\/td><td>Leia este livro. Instru\u00e7\u00e3o com autoridade.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/td><td><em>Kono hon o yonde kudasai.<\/em><\/td><td>Por favor, leia este livro. Pedido ou instru\u00e7\u00e3o polida.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3002<\/span><\/td><td><em>Kono hon o yonde.<\/em><\/td><td>L\u00ea este livro. Pedido casual, dependente da entona\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u304f\u308c\u3002<\/span><\/td><td><em>Kono hon o yonde kure.<\/em><\/td><td>Leia este livro para mim. Pedido direto e informal.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>A melhor op\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o vem apenas da gram\u00e1tica. Pergunte: quem fala com quem, em qual ambiente, com que urg\u00eancia e com qual direito de orientar a a\u00e7\u00e3o? Essa an\u00e1lise de contexto faz parte dos <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/%e5%9f%ba%e7%a4%8e%e6%97%a5%e8%aa%9e%e6%96%87%e6%b3%95\/\">\u65e5\u8a9e\u6587\u6cd5\u57fa\u790e<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Erros comuns ao formar frases imperativas<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Trocar todo <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span> \u7531 <span lang=\"ja\">\u308d<\/span>:<\/strong> isso funciona para o grupo 2, mas <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> \u00e9 do grupo 1 e vira <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308c<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u628a <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span> antes do verbo:<\/strong> a proibi\u00e7\u00e3o direta \u00e9 <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b\u306a<\/span>, com <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span> depois da forma do dicion\u00e1rio.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Traduzir <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span> sempre como \u201cpor favor\u201d:<\/strong> a forma expressa instru\u00e7\u00e3o ou ordem e pressup\u00f5e alguma autoridade.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Copiar falas de personagens sem observar o contexto:<\/strong> uma frase natural em uma cena de conflito pode ser grosseira no cotidiano.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Confundir proibi\u00e7\u00e3o com pedido negativo:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u5165\u308b\u306a<\/span> \u00e9 forte; <span lang=\"ja\">\u5165\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span> formula um pedido ou instru\u00e7\u00e3o polida.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Exerc\u00edcio r\u00e1pido<\/h2>\n\n<p>Transforme ou complete as frases:<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li>Passe <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> para o imperativo direto.<\/li>\n<li>Passe <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/span> para o imperativo direto.<\/li>\n<li>Passe <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> para o imperativo direto.<\/li>\n<li>Diga \u201cN\u00e3o fale\u201d como proibi\u00e7\u00e3o direta, usando <span lang=\"ja\">\u8aaa\u8a71<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Diga \u201cPor favor, n\u00e3o entre\u201d com <span lang=\"ja\">\u5165\u308b<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Qual op\u00e7\u00e3o seria normalmente mais apropriada para pedir a um amigo que espere: <span lang=\"ja\">\u5f85\u3066<\/span> \u6216 <span lang=\"ja\">\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u5f85\u3063\u3066<\/span>?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p><strong>\u7b54\u6848\uff1a<\/strong> 1. <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308c<\/span>; 2. <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308d<\/span>; 3. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3057\u308d<\/span>; 4. <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u3059\u306a<\/span>; 5. <span lang=\"ja\">\u5165\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span>; 6. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u5f85\u3063\u3066<\/span>, salvo se a situa\u00e7\u00e3o justificar uma ordem forte.<\/p>\n\n<h2>O que lembrar<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Grupo 1: mude a termina\u00e7\u00e3o da linha de <em>u<\/em> \u6bb5\u8f49\u79fb\u5230 <em>e<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Grupo 2: retire <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span> \u4e26\u52a0\u4e0a <span lang=\"ja\">\u308d<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Irregulares: <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u308d<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3044<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Proibi\u00e7\u00e3o direta: forma do dicion\u00e1rio + <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span> expressa instru\u00e7\u00e3o ou repreens\u00e3o com autoridade; n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma forma ligada a um g\u00eanero espec\u00edfico.<\/li>\n<li>Para pedidos comuns, <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">V\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span> e, entre pessoas pr\u00f3ximas, <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066<\/span> costumam ser op\u00e7\u00f5es mais adequadas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Pratique primeiro com verbos cuja classifica\u00e7\u00e3o voc\u00ea conhece. Depois, compare a forma imperativa com a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/%e6%97%a5%e8%aa%9e%e5%8b%95%e8%a9%9e%e7%9a%84%e9%9d%9e%e6%ad%a3%e5%bc%8f%e5%bd%a2%e5%bc%8f\/\">\u65e5\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u5f62<\/a> para reconhecer quando a frase \u00e9 uma ordem, uma proibi\u00e7\u00e3o ou apenas uma afirma\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-808fcc2bc41b0\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u65e5\u8a9e\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u7d44\u5225\u3002\u5728\u7b2c1\u7d44\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a5e\u5c3e\u5f9eu\u884c\u8b8a\u70bae\u884c\u3002\u5728\u7b2c2\u7d44\u4e2d\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u308b\u4e26\u52a0\u4e0a\u308d\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u8b8a\u5316\u662f\u3059\u308b\u2192\u3057\u308d\u548c\u6765\u308b\u2192\u6765\u3044\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-151382ecd572b\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d71\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62\u306f\u3069\u3046\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304b\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u5c07\u7d50\u5c3e\u6539\u70ba e \u5217\uff1a\u66f8\u304f\u2192\u66f8\u3051\u3001\u8aad\u3080\u2192\u8aad\u3081\u3001\u5f85\u3064\u2192\u5f85\u3066 \u548c \u5e30\u308b\u2192\u5e30\u308c\u3002\u4ee5 \u308b \u7d50\u5c3e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u985e\u52d5\u8a5e\u4e0d\u9075\u5faa\u7b2c\u4e8c\u985e\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u898f\u5247\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-a50ef6698531b\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d72\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62\u306f\u3069\u3046\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304b\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u79fb\u9664\u7d50\u5c3e\u7684\u308b\u4e26\u52a0\u4e0a\u308d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u98df\u3079\u308b\u8b8a\u6210\u98df\u3079\u308d\uff0c\u898b\u308b\u8b8a\u6210\u898b\u308d\uff0c\u8d77\u304d\u308b\u8b8a\u6210\u8d77\u304d\u308d\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-c41560dba5688\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u3059\u308b\u548c\u6765\u308b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3059\u308b \u8b8a\u70ba \u3057\u308d\uff0c\u6765\u308b \u8b8a\u70ba \u6765\u3044\u3002\u3059\u308b \u4e5f\u6709 \u305b\u3088 \u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u66f8\u9762\u8a9e\u3001\u6307\u793a\u548c\u6b63\u5f0f\u8868\u9054\u4e2d\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-16fc53faa3bf3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u65e5\u8a9e\u8aaa\u300c\u4e0d\u8981\u505a\u300d\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u76f4\u63a5\u7981\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u5f62\u5f8c\u63a5 \u306a\uff1a\u98df\u3079\u308b\u306a \u662f\u300c\u4e0d\u8981\u5403\u300d\uff0c\u884c\u304f\u306a \u662f\u300c\u4e0d\u8981\u53bb\u300d\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u79ae\u8c8c\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u8acb\u4f7f\u7528 V\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-8a89d6fbe1bcf\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62\u548cV\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5340\u5225\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62 \u7522\u751f\u76f4\u63a5\u4e14\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982 \u884c\u3051\u3002V\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044 \u69cb\u6210\u79ae\u8c8c\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6216\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u5982 \u884c\u3063\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u9810\u8a2d\u6307\u793a\u6703\u88ab\u9075\u5faa\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-aa6ae30bba946\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u306a\u3055\u3044 \u5f62\u5f0f\u50c5\u7531\u5973\u6027\u4f7f\u7528\u55ce\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u3002\u306a\u3055\u3044\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u6b0a\u5a01\u3001\u8cac\u4efb\u548c\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8aaa\u8a71\u8005\u7684\u6027\u5225\u3002\u5e38\u898b\u65bc\u76e3\u8b77\u4eba\u5c0d\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u6307\u793a\u3001\u6559\u5e2b\u5c0d\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u6559\u5c0e\u4ee5\u53ca\u8cac\u5099\u4e2d\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-445a66c393fbe\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u52d5\u6f2b\u4e2d\u807d\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u77ed\u8a9e\u55ce\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u52d5\u6f2b\u548c\u865b\u69cb\u4f5c\u54c1\u4f86\u8fa8\u8b58\u6587\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8981\u81ea\u52d5\u8907\u88fd\u5c0d\u8a71\u3002\u5728\u6232\u5287\u6027\u5834\u666f\u4e2d\u9069\u7576\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5728\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u3001\u540c\u4e8b\u4e4b\u9593\u6216\u670d\u52d9\u5834\u5408\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u5177\u6709\u653b\u64ca\u6027\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5b78\u7fd2\u5982\u4f55\u69cb\u6210\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u7981\u6b62\u3001\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3001\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u9069\u5408\u5404\u7a2e\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":2100,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,73,60],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2099","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-verbos-em-japones","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2099","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2099"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2099\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4445,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2099\/revisions\/4445"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2100"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2099"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2099"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2099"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}