{"id":1671,"date":"2009-11-03T04:45:42","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T06:45:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1671"},"modified":"2026-08-21T21:16:45","modified_gmt":"2026-08-22T00:16:45","slug":"%e5%85%b3%e8%81%94%e6%97%a5%e8%af%ad%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%90%8d%e8%af%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/relacionando-substantivos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u306e\uff08\u306e\uff09\u52a9\u8bcd\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u5173\u8054\u540d\u8bcd"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A <strong>\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u52a9\u8bcd\u306e<\/strong> \u8fde\u63a5\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u7ed3\u6784 <span lang=\"ja\">N1\u306eN2<\/span>. \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u9650\u5b9a\u6216\u89e3\u91ca\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\uff1a <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306e\u672c<\/span> \u662f\u201c\u6211\u7684\u4e66\u201d\uff0c, <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u5148\u751f<\/span> \u662f\u201c\u65e5\u8bed\u8001\u5e08\u201d\uff0c\u800c <span lang=\"ja\">\u6728\u306e\u673a<\/span> \u662f\u201c\u6728\u684c\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u3001\u5730\u70b9\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6750\u6599\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u6700\u6709\u7528\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u662f\uff1a\u5728 <span lang=\"ja\">N1\u306eN2<\/span>, <strong><span lang=\"ja\">N2<\/span> \u662f\u6838\u5fc3<\/strong> e <span lang=\"ja\">N1\u306e<\/span> \u4fee\u9970\u5b83\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5148\u8bfb\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u95ee\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp\/mt\/ja\/gmod\/contents\/explanation\/008.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u4e1c\u4eac\u5916\u56fd\u8bed\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca<\/a> \u6b63\u597d\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u53ca\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u603b\u7ed3\uff1aN1\u306eN2\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>\u7ed3\u6784<\/th><th>\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u6790<\/th><th>\u793a\u4f8b<\/th><th>\u542b\u4e49<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">N1\u306eN2<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">N1<\/span> \u6307\u5b9a <span lang=\"ja\">N2<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u672c<\/span><br \/><em>\u65e5\u8bed\u4e66<\/em><\/td><td>\u65e5\u8bed\u4e66<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">N1\u306eN2\u306eN3<\/span><\/td><td>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u4fee\u9970\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u540d\u8bcd<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u306e\u672c<\/span><br \/><em>\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u306e\u672c<\/em><\/td><td>\u65e5\u8bed\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e66<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">N1\u306e\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">N2<\/span> \u56e0\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u800c\u88ab\u7701\u7565\u4e86<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306e\u3067\u3059<\/span><br \/><em>watashi no desu<\/em><\/td><td>\u662f\u6211\u7684<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8fd8\u5728\u6574\u7406\u8bcd\u7c7b\uff0c\u8bf7\u5148\u770b\u5173\u4e8e <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/%e6%97%a5%e8%af%ad%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%90%8d%e8%af%8d\/\">\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u8bcd<\/a>. \u7684\u6982\u8ff0\u3002\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u5165\u5b8c\u6574\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/%e6%97%a5%e8%af%ad%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e8%af%8d%e5%ba%8f\/\">\u65e5\u8bed\u8bed\u5e8f<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u54ea\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u4fee\u9970\u54ea\u4e2a\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u5728\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u901a\u5e38\u4ece <span lang=\"ja\">N2<\/span>: <span lang=\"ja\">\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u5148\u751f<\/span> \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u201c\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u65e5\u8bed\u8bed\u5e8f\u662f\u98a0\u5012\u7684\u3002\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4ece\u53f3\u5f80\u5de6\u6784\u5efa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5148\u751f<\/span> (<em>sensei<\/em>) \u2014 \u6559\u6388\uff1b;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u5148\u751f<\/span> (<em>daigaku no sensei<\/em>) \u2014 \u4e0e\u5927\u5b66\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6559\u6388\u3002.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>\u540c\u6837\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u6761\uff1a<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u672c<\/span> (<em>hon<\/em>) \u2014 \u4e66\uff1b;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6587\u6cd5\u306e\u672c<\/span> (<em>bunp\u014d no hon<\/em>) \u2014 \u8bed\u6cd5\u4e66\uff1b;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u306e\u672c<\/span> (<em>\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u306e\u672c<\/em>) \u2014 \u65e5\u8bed\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e66\u3002.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u306e<\/span> \u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u5355\u72ec\u8bf4\u660e\u8bed\u4e49\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u540d\u8bcd\u548c\u60c5\u5883\u8865\u5168\u4e86\u610f\u4e49\u3002TUFS\u5c06\u52a9\u8bcd\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u6807\u8bb0\u8bed\u6cd5\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8bcd\uff1b\u5728 <span lang=\"ja\">\u306e<\/span>, \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp\/mt\/ja\/gmod\/contents\/explanation\/052.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5173\u4e8e\u52a9\u8bcd\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u540d\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u52a9\u8bcd\u201c\u306e\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u6cd5<\/h2>\n\n<h3>\u6240\u6709\u6216\u6240\u5c5e<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u306e\u304b\u3070\u3093\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kore wa Tanaka-san no kaban desu.<\/em><br \/>\n\u8fd9\u662f\u7530\u4e2d\u7684\u5305\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306e\u540d\u524d\u306f\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Watashi no namae wa Maria desu.<\/em><br \/>\n\u6211\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u662f\u739b\u4e3d\u4e9a\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c, <span lang=\"ja\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span> \u6807\u8bc6\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u6240\u5c5e\u6216\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u7684 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/%e6%97%a5%e8%af%ad%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e7%89%a9%e4%b8%bb%e4%bb%a3%e8%af%8d\/\">\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u4e3b\u4ee3\u8bcd<\/a> \u901a\u5e38\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u8868\u793a\u4eba\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u540e\u63a5 <span lang=\"ja\">\u306e<\/span>\u4f8b\u5982 <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306e<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u5f7c\u306e<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u96b6\u5c5e\u3001\u56e2\u4f53\u6216\u804c\u52a1<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u5c71\u7530\u3055\u3093\u306f\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u5148\u751f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Yamada-san wa daigaku no sensei desu.<\/em><br \/>\n\u5c71\u7530\u662f\u5927\u5b66\u8001\u5e08\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u306e\u4eba\u306f\u4f1a\u793e\u306e\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Ano hito wa kaisha no hito desu.<\/em><br \/>\n\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4eba\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u8868\u793a\u4eba\u6240\u96b6\u5c5e\u7684\u673a\u6784\u6216\u56e2\u4f53\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u5730\u70b9\u3001\u6765\u6e90\u6216\u7a7a\u95f4\u53c2\u7167<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u6771\u4eac\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>T\u014dky\u014d no daigaku de benky\u014d shite imasu.<\/em><br \/>\n\u6211\u5728\u4e1c\u4eac\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u4e60\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u673a\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u8f9e\u66f8\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Tsukue no ue ni jisho ga arimasu.<\/em><br \/>\n\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u672c\u8bcd\u5178\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u5728 <span lang=\"ja\">\u673a\u306e\u4e0a<\/span>, \u540d\u79f0 <span lang=\"ja\">\u4e0a<\/span> \u8868\u793a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u684c\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5728 <span lang=\"ja\">\u6771\u4eac\u306e\u5927\u5b66<\/span>, \u4e2d\uff0c\u4e1c\u4eac\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e0e\u5927\u5b66\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u3002\u7ffb\u8bd1\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u201cde\u201d\u3001\u201cem\u201d\u6216\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8bed\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u4e3b\u9898\u3001\u9886\u57df\u6216\u7528\u9014<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u8f9e\u66f8\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Nihongo no jisho o kaimashita.<\/em><br \/>\n\u6211\u4e70\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u65e5\u8bed\u8bcd\u5178\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u6599\u7406\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Ry\u014dri no hon o yonde imasu.<\/em><br \/>\n\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u8bfb\u4e00\u672c\u70f9\u996a\u4e66\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u4f1a\u8b70\u306e\u8cc7\u6599\u306f\u673a\u306e\u4e0a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kaigi no shiry\u014d wa tsukue no ue desu.<\/em><br \/>\n\u4f1a\u8bae\u6750\u6599\u5728\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3001\u8bcd\u5178\u7684\u9886\u57df\u6216\u4e0e\u6750\u6599\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7528\u9014\u3002\u786e\u5207\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6765\u81ea\u5e38\u89c4\u7528\u6cd5\u548c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u6750\u6599\u3001\u6210\u5206\u6216\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u6728\u306e\u673a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kore wa ki no tsukue desu.<\/em><br \/>\n\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u6728\u684c\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3044\u3061\u3054\u306e\u30b8\u30e3\u30e0\u3092\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Ichigo no jamu o tabemashita.<\/em><br \/>\n\u6211\u5403\u4e86\u8349\u8393\u9171\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u6570\u5b66\u306e\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u306f\u3069\u308c\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>S\u016bgaku no ky\u014dkasho wa dore desu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nQual \u00e9 o livro did\u00e1tico de matem\u00e1tica?<\/p>\n\n<p>A mesma forma conecta rela\u00e7\u00f5es diferentes: material, ingrediente e categoria. Por isso, decorar \u201c<span lang=\"ja\">\u306e<\/span> = de\u201d ajuda no come\u00e7o, mas n\u00e3o substitui a an\u00e1lise do par de substantivos.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u65f6\u95f4<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4eca\u65e5\u306e\u65b0\u805e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kore wa ky\u014d no shinbun desu.<\/em><br \/>\nEste \u00e9 o jornal de hoje.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u9031\u306e\u8a66\u9a13\u306f\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Raish\u016b no shiken wa muzukashii desu.<\/em><br \/>\nA prova da pr\u00f3xima semana \u00e9 dif\u00edcil.<\/p>\n\n<p>Palavras de tempo podem especificar um evento ou objeto. Isso tamb\u00e9m explica respostas como <span lang=\"ja\">\u6628\u65e5\u306e\u3067\u3059<\/span>, \u201c\u00e9 o de ontem\u201d, quando o substantivo j\u00e1 foi mencionado.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Aposi\u00e7\u00e3o: duas formas de identificar a mesma pessoa ou coisa<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3061\u3089\u306f\u53cb\u9054\u306e\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kochira wa tomodachi no Tanaka-san desu.<\/em><br \/>\nEste \u00e9 Tanaka, meu amigo.<\/p>\n\n<p>Aqui, <span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u9054<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093<\/span> apontam para a mesma pessoa. Esse uso \u00e9 chamado de aposi\u00e7\u00e3o. Ele mostra mais uma vez por que nem todo <span lang=\"ja\">\u306e<\/span> deve virar literalmente \u201cde\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads10-->\n\n<h2>Quando o segundo substantivo pode ser omitido<\/h2>\n\n<p>Se <span lang=\"ja\">N2<\/span> j\u00e1 estiver claro, ele pode ser omitido em rela\u00e7\u00f5es de posse, tipo ou tempo. A forma terminada em <span lang=\"ja\">\u306e<\/span> passa a recuperar o item conhecido pelo contexto:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A\uff1a<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u8ab0\u306e\u304b\u3070\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Kore wa dare no kaban desu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nDe quem \u00e9 esta bolsa?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B\uff1a<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Watashi no desu.<\/em><br \/>\n\u00c9 minha.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A\uff1a<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3044\u3064\u306e\u65b0\u805e\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Sore wa itsu no shinbun desu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nEsse jornal \u00e9 de quando?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B\uff1a<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u6628\u65e5\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Kin\u014d no desu.<\/em><br \/>\n\u00c9 o de ontem.<\/p>\n\n<p>Esses exemplos fazem parte do <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp\/mt\/ja\/gmod\/contents\/instances\/008.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">conjunto oficial de frases sobre <span lang=\"ja\">N\u306eN<\/span> da TUFS<\/a>. A omiss\u00e3o funciona porque os interlocutores sabem que est\u00e3o falando de uma bolsa ou de um jornal.<\/p>\n\n<h2>N\u00e3o confunda estes usos de \u306e<\/h2>\n\n<p>Este artigo trata de <span lang=\"ja\">\u306e<\/span> ligando substantivos. O mesmo caractere aparece em outras estruturas que merecem an\u00e1lises pr\u00f3prias:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">N1\u306eN2<\/span>:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u672c<\/span>, \u201clivro de japon\u00eas\u201d.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nominaliza\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u306e\u304c\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059<\/span>, \u201cgosto de ler livros\u201d. Aqui, <span lang=\"ja\">\u306e<\/span> transforma a a\u00e7\u00e3o em algo que pode receber <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u306e<\/span> \u5728\u53e5\u672b\uff1a<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u3046\u3057\u305f\u306e<\/span>, \u201c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u5728\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u6216\u7591\u95ee\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u6df7\u6dc6 <span lang=\"ja\">\u306e<\/span> \u4e0e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3068<\/span>. \u6bd4\u8f83 <span lang=\"ja\">\u7236\u306e\u6bcd<\/span>, \u201c\u6211\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u201d\uff0c\u4e0e <span lang=\"ja\">\u7236\u3068\u6bcd<\/span>, \u201c\u6211\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u548c\u6211\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u201d\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u540e\u8005\u5e76\u5217\u4e24\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u3002\u5173\u4e8e <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e7%b2%92%e5%ad%90-%e7%ac%ac2%e9%83%a8%e5%88%86-%e7%9a%84-%e5%92%8c\/\"><span lang=\"ja\">\u306e<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3068<\/span><\/a> \u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u800c\u672c\u6307\u5357\u4ec5\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8 <span lang=\"ja\">\u306e<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u4f7f\u7528\u52a9\u8bcd no \u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u98a0\u5012\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728 <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u5148\u751f<\/span>, \u6838\u5fc3\u662f <span lang=\"ja\">\u5148\u751f<\/span>. \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u65e5\u8bed\u8001\u5e08\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u65e5\u8bed\u201d\u3002.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5c06\u6240\u6709 <span lang=\"ja\">\u306e<\/span> \u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u7684\u201d\uff1a<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u6771\u4eac\u306e\u5927\u5b66<\/span> \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u201c\u4e1c\u4eac\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u201d\uff1b; <span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u9054\u306e\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093<\/span> \u662f\u201c\u6211\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u7530\u4e2d\u201d\u3002.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5f3a\u884c\u5efa\u7acb\u6240\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u5148\u751f<\/span> \u8868\u793a\u96b6\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u5b66\u62e5\u6709\u8001\u5e08\u3002.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5ffd\u7565\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8be5\u8868\u8fbe\u6240\u6307\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u6216\u4eba\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u957f\u94fe\uff1a<\/strong> \u591a\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0 <span lang=\"ja\">\u306e<\/span> s\u00e3o gramaticais, mas podem ficar amb\u00edguas. Divida ou reformule quando a rela\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o estiver clara.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4f7f\u7528 <span lang=\"ja\">\u306e<\/span> para qualquer descri\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/strong> para \u201cuma pessoa de olhos bonitos\u201d, <span lang=\"ja\">\u76ee\u304c\u304d\u308c\u3044\u306a\u4eba<\/span> \u00e9 uma formula\u00e7\u00e3o clara e natural; nem toda caracter\u00edstica precisa virar uma cadeia de nomes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Di\u00e1logo: objetos perdidos<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A\uff1a<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u8ab0\u306e\u304b\u3070\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Kore wa dare no kaban desu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nDe quem \u00e9 esta bolsa?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B\uff1a<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u4f50\u85e4\u3055\u3093\u306e\u304b\u3070\u3093\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Sat\u014d-san no kaban desu.<\/em><br \/>\n\u00c9 a bolsa de Sat\u014d.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A\uff1a<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4f50\u85e4\u3055\u3093\u306e\u5098\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Kore wa Sat\u014d-san no kasa desu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nEste \u00e9 o guarda-chuva de Sat\u014d?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B\uff1a<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3044\u3044\u3048\u3001\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Iie, Tanaka-san no desu.<\/em><br \/>\nN\u00e3o, \u00e9 o de Tanaka.<\/p>\n\n<p>O di\u00e1logo come\u00e7a com a estrutura completa e depois omite <span lang=\"ja\">\u5098<\/span>, pois o objeto j\u00e1 foi identificado. As formas <span lang=\"ja\">\u8fd9\u4e2a<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u8fd9\u4e2a<\/span> pertencem ao <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/%e6%97%a5%e8%af%ad%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%8c%87%e7%a4%ba%e4%bb%a3%e8%af%8d\/\">kosoado\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a>; saber a diferen\u00e7a entre uma palavra que substitui o objeto e outra que acompanha o substantivo evita erros na constru\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u7ec3\u4e60<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li>Traduza: <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306e\u672c<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Traduza: <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u5148\u751f<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Complete: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6728\uff08\u3000\uff09\u673a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Forme \u201clivro de gram\u00e1tica japonesa\u201d com <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u30fb\u6587\u6cd5\u30fb\u672c<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Responda sem repetir <span lang=\"ja\">\u304b\u3070\u3093<\/span>: <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u8ab0\u306e\u304b\u3070\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span> (\u201c\u00c9 de Maria.\u201d)<\/li>\n<li>Qual \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a entre <span lang=\"ja\">\u7236\u306e\u6bcd<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u7236\u3068\u6bcd<\/span>?<\/li>\n<li>Corrija a interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o: \u201c<span lang=\"ja\">\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u5148\u751f<\/span> significa que a universidade possui o professor\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p><strong>\u7b54\u6848\uff1a<\/strong> 1. meu livro; 2. professor de japon\u00eas; 3. <span lang=\"ja\">\u306e<\/span>; 4. <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u306e\u672c<\/span>; 5. <span lang=\"ja\">\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u3055\u3093\u306e\u3067\u3059<\/span>; 6. a primeira express\u00e3o \u00e9 \u201ca m\u00e3e do meu pai\u201d, e a segunda, \u201cmeu pai e minha m\u00e3e\u201d; 7. a rela\u00e7\u00e3o mais natural \u00e9 afilia\u00e7\u00e3o: \u201cprofessor da universidade\u201d ou \u201cprofessor universit\u00e1rio\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728 <span lang=\"ja\">N1\u306eN2<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">N1\u306e<\/span> modifica <span lang=\"ja\">N2<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>O substantivo da direita \u00e9 o n\u00facleo; analise cadeias da direita para a esquerda.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u306e<\/span> pode marcar posse, pertencimento, lugar, conte\u00fado, \u00e1rea, material, tipo, tempo e aposi\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<li>A tradu\u00e7\u00e3o varia: \u201cde\u201d \u00e9 comum, mas \u201cem\u201d, um adjetivo ou uma reformula\u00e7\u00e3o podem soar melhor.<\/li>\n<li>\u5f53 <span lang=\"ja\">N2<\/span> j\u00e1 est\u00e1 claro, ele pode ser omitido: <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306e\u3067\u3059<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e3o confunda a liga\u00e7\u00e3o entre nomes com o <span lang=\"ja\">\u306e<\/span> nominalizador ou o <span lang=\"ja\">\u306e<\/span> de fim de frase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>O pr\u00f3ximo passo \u00e9 usar essas rela\u00e7\u00f5es em senten\u00e7as completas. O guia sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8%e6%97%a5%e8%af%ad%e9%80%a0%e5%8f%a5\/\">\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u65e5\u8bed\u9020\u53e5<\/a> mostra como combinar blocos nominais, part\u00edculas e predicado; o panorama de <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/%e6%97%a5%e8%af%ad%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e7%b2%92%e5%ad%90\/\">\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7c92\u5b50\u201d<\/a> ajuda a comparar <span lang=\"ja\">\u306e<\/span> com marcadores como <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067<\/span>. Para exemplos adicionais de part\u00edculas em materiais oficiais, consulte tamb\u00e9m o <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marugoto-online.jp\/a2-34\/support\/all\/appendix_04\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">quadro do curso Marugoto, da Japan Foundation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-14f318a65bac0\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u52a9\u8bcd\u306e\uff08\u306e\uff09\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u5728\u540d\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u306e\u8868\u793a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u4fee\u9970\u6216\u9650\u5b9a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u3001\u5730\u70b9\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6750\u6599\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u540c\u4f4d\u5173\u7cfb\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-220a3cc226259\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u5982\u4f55\u8bc6\u522bN1\u306eN2\u4e2d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>N2\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\uff0cN1\u306e\u6dfb\u52a0\u5173\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u5148\u751f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5148\u751f\u662f\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u6307\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u65e5\u8bed\u6559\u5e08\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-d51d01094aa16\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u52a9\u8bcd\u306e\u603b\u662f\u8868\u793a\u201c\u7684\u201d\u5417\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u3002De \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u4f46 \u6771\u4eac\u306e\u5927\u5b66 \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5728\u4e1c\u4eac\u7684\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u800c \u53cb\u9054\u306e\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093 \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7530\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u3002\u7ffb\u8bd1\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-ee6403e1fb0f8\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">N1\u306eN2\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u9014\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u7528\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u683c\u3001\u96b6\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u5730\u70b9\u3001\u6765\u6e90\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u4e3b\u9898\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u3001\u6750\u6599\u3001\u6210\u5206\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-7b61128909a16\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u591a\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u306e\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u662f\u7684\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u306e\u672c \u610f\u4e3a\u65e5\u8bed\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e66\u3002\u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\u53d8\u5f97\u6a21\u7cca\u65f6\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u957f\u94fe\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-c2827e959a107\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u5f53\u306e\u540e\u9762\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u65f6\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u5f53\u5b83\u5728\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u660e\u786e\u65f6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u65f6\u95f4\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u3053\u308c\u306f\u8ab0\u306e\u304b\u3070\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u79c1\u306e\u3067\u3059\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u6211\u7684\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-27070f51741ed\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u306e\u548c\u3068\u5728\u540d\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u306e \u5efa\u7acb\u4fee\u9970\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982 \u7236\u306e\u6bcd\uff0c\u6211\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u3002\u3068 \u8fde\u63a5\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982 \u7236\u3068\u6bcd\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u548c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-967d7ae21a937\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u540d\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u306e\u548c\u540d\u8bcd\u5316\u306e\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5417\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u3002\u5728 \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u672c \u4e2d\uff0c\u306e\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u3002\u5728 \u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u306e\u304c\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059 \u4e2d\uff0c\u306e\u5c06\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u53e5\u672b\u7684\u306e\u4e5f\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5b66\u4e60\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u52a9\u8bcd\u306e\uff08\u306e\uff09\u5728N1\u306eN2\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a\u987a\u5e8f\u3001\u6240\u6709\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u6750\u6599\u3001\u7701\u7565\u3001\u793a\u4f8b\u548c\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":1672,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,74],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1671","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-particulas-em-japones","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1671","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1671"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1671\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4453,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1671\/revisions\/4453"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1672"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1671"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1671"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1671"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}