{"id":1729,"date":"2009-11-15T09:19:47","date_gmt":"2009-11-15T11:19:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1729"},"modified":"2026-08-02T15:03:38","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T18:03:38","slug":"%e6%97%a5%e8%af%ad%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e7%b2%92%e5%ad%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/particulas-basicas-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u52a9\u8bcd\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u306f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u304c\u201d\u3001\u201c\u3092\u201d\u3001\u201c\u306b\u201d\u548c\u201c\u3067\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b <strong>\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7c92\u5b50\u201d<\/strong> \u5b83\u4eec\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8bcd\u8bed\u6216\u77ed\u8bed\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u53e5\u5b50\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6807\u660e\u8bdd\u9898\u3001\u7a81\u51fa\u67d0\u9879\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u6307\u660e\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u6216\u8868\u793a\u5730\u70b9\u3001\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u540c\u884c\u8005\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u8981\u8bd5\u56fe\u50cf\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u4ecb\u8bcd\u90a3\u6837\u53bb\u6b7b\u8bb0\u786c\u80cc\u6bcf\u4e2a\u52a9\u8bcd\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a9\u8bcd\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u9009\u62e9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u53e5\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bf4\u8bdd\u8005\u60f3\u8981\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"caj-learning-box\">\n<p><strong>\u5728\u672c\u6307\u5357\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u52a9\u8bcd\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u306f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u304c\u201d\u3001\u201c\u3092\u201d\u3001\u201c\u306b\u201d\u3001\u201c\u3067\u201d\u3001\u201c\u306e\u201d\u3001\u201c\u3068\u201d\u3001\u201c\u3078\u201d\u548c\u201c\u3082\u201d\uff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u201c\u306f\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u304c\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u306b\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u3067\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u533a\u522b\uff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u4f55\u8bc6\u522b\u771f\u5b9e\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u52a9\u8bcd\uff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5df4\u897f\u5b66\u751f\u6700\u5e38\u72af\u54ea\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u3002.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7c92\u5b50\u201d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u52a9\u8bcd\u662f\u901a\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5355\u8bcd\u6216\u8bcd\u7ec4\u540e\u9762\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u6210\u5206\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8d77\u5230\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u6216\u542c\u4f17\u7406\u89e3\u8be5\u6210\u5206\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u8c13\u8bed\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u8bdd\u9898 + \u306f + \u5173\u4e8e\u8be5\u8bdd\u9898\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5b66\u751f\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a <em>\u6211\u662f\u5b66\u751f<\/em><br \/>\n\u7f57\u9a6c\u5b57\uff1a <em>\u6211\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u3002.<\/em><br \/>\n\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5b66\u751f\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u52a9\u8bcd\u201c\u306f\u201d\u8868\u660e\u201c\u79c1\u201d\uff08\u201c\u6211\u201d\uff09\u662f\u5373\u5c06\u88ab\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u6bd4\u5355\u7eaf\u5c06\u201c\u306f\u201d\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u6211\u662f\u201d\u6216\u8bf4\u5b83\u603b\u662f\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3b\u8bed\u66f4\u4e3a\u51c6\u786e\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u4ecd\u5728\u642d\u5efa\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u8bf7\u5148\u67e5\u770b <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/%e6%97%a5%e8%af%ad%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/\">\u65e5\u8bed\u8bed\u6cd5\u57fa\u7840<\/a>. \u5f53\u4f60\u80fd\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u3001\u52a8\u8bcd\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u548c\u8c13\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u53e5\u5b50\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4e86\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52a9\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u306f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u3092\u201d\u548c\u201c\u3078\u201d\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u97f3<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u52a9\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u53d1\u97f3\u4e0e\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u76f8\u540c\u5047\u540d\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u306f<\/strong> \u662f\u5199\u6210\u7684 <em>\u54c8<\/em>, \uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ecb\u8bcd\u65f6\u53d1\u97f3\u4e3a <em>wa<\/em>;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3092<\/strong> \u901a\u5e38\u53d1\u97f3\u4e3a <em>o<\/em> \u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\uff1b;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3078<\/strong> \u662f\u5199\u6210\u7684 <em>\u4ed6<\/em>, \uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ecb\u8bcd\u65f6\u53d1\u97f3\u4e3a <em>e<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>\u62fc\u5199\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u662f\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u529f\u80fd\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u53d1\u97f3\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u65e5\u672c\u4e3b\u8981\u7c92\u5b50\u4e00\u89c8\u8868<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7c92\u5b50<\/th>\n<th>\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u80fd<\/th>\n<th>\u578b\u53f7<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u306f (<em>wa<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>\u5f15\u51fa\u4e3b\u9898\u6216\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u516c\u53f8\u804c\u5458\u3002<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4f46 (<em>ga<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>\u8bc6\u522b\u6216\u7a81\u51fa\u663e\u793a\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20<\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"ja\">\u7530\u4e2d\u5148\u751f\u8981\u6765\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u3092 (<em>o<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed<\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"ja\">\u559d\u6c34\u3002<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u306b (<em>ni<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>\u8868\u793a\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u6536\u4ef6\u4eba<\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6211\u8981\u53bb\u5b66\u6821\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u3067 (<em>\u7684<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>\u8868\u793a\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6216\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u624b\u6bb5<\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6211\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u306e (<em>\u4e8e<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>Liga substantivos em rela\u00e7\u00f5es de posse ou classifica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u672c<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u3068 (<em>\u81f3<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>Indica companhia, lista completa ou cita\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u9054\u3068\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u3078 (<em>e<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>Aponta a dire\u00e7\u00e3o de um movimento<\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u3082 (<em>mo<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>Acrescenta \u201ctamb\u00e9m\u201d ou \u201cnem\u201d em negativas<\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u3082\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<!--Ads10-->\n\n<h2>Como usar as part\u00edculas b\u00e1sicas em japon\u00eas<\/h2>\n\n<h3>\u306f (wa): o t\u00f3pico da conversa<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u306f apresenta aquilo sobre o que vamos falar. Tamb\u00e9m pode criar contraste entre dois elementos.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u6691\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a <em>\u304d\u3087\u3046 \u306f \u3042\u3064\u3044 \u3067\u3059<\/em><br \/>\n\u7f57\u9a6c\u5b57\uff1a <em>Ky\u014d wa atsui desu.<\/em><br \/>\nTradu\u00e7\u00e3o: Hoje est\u00e1 quente.<\/p>\n\n<p>O t\u00f3pico \u00e9 \u4eca\u65e5, \u201choje\u201d. A frase comenta que, quanto a hoje, o tempo est\u00e1 quente. Para estudar outras fun\u00e7\u00f5es e contrastes, veja a li\u00e7\u00e3o completa sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/a-particula-wa\/\">a part\u00edcula WA<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u304c (ga): identifica\u00e7\u00e3o e foco<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u304c frequentemente identifica o elemento que responde a uma pergunta ou apresenta uma informa\u00e7\u00e3o nova. Dependendo da constru\u00e7\u00e3o, tamb\u00e9m marca o elemento associado a exist\u00eancia, capacidade, prefer\u00eancia ou percep\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3060\u308c\u304c\u6765\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u6765\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a <em>\u3060\u308c \u304c \u304d\u307e\u3059 \u304b\u3002\u305f\u306a\u304b\u3055\u3093 \u304c \u304d\u307e\u3059<\/em><br \/>\n\u7f57\u9a6c\u5b57\uff1a <em>Dare ga kimasu ka? Tanaka-san ga kimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nTradu\u00e7\u00e3o: Quem vem? O senhor Tanaka vem.<\/p>\n\n<p>Na resposta, \u304c destaca \u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093 como a pessoa identificada. A explica\u00e7\u00e3o detalhada est\u00e1 no artigo sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/particula-ga-e-suas-funcoes\/\">a part\u00edcula GA e suas fun\u00e7\u00f5es<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u3092 (o): o objeto de uma a\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u3092 marca o objeto direto de muitos verbos transitivos: aquilo que a pessoa l\u00ea, bebe, compra, estuda ou faz.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u6bce\u671d\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u3092\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a <em>\u307e\u3044\u3042\u3055\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc \u3092 \u306e\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/em><br \/>\n\u7f57\u9a6c\u5b57\uff1a <em>Maiasa, k\u014dh\u012b o nomimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nTradu\u00e7\u00e3o: Todas as manh\u00e3s, eu bebo caf\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc \u00e9 aquilo que recebe diretamente a a\u00e7\u00e3o de \u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059, \u201cbeber\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u306b (ni): destino, tempo, exist\u00eancia e destinat\u00e1rio<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u306b tem v\u00e1rias fun\u00e7\u00f5es. Para come\u00e7ar, memorize quatro associa\u00e7\u00f5es \u00fateis:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>destino:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u6211\u8981\u53bb\u65e5\u672c\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Vou ao Jap\u00e3o;<\/li>\n<li><strong>hor\u00e1rio espec\u00edfico:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u6211\u4e03\u70b9\u8d77\u5e8a\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Acordo \u00e0s sete;<\/li>\n<li><strong>lugar de exist\u00eancia:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u673a\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u672c\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 H\u00e1 um livro sobre a mesa;<\/li>\n<li><strong>destinat\u00e1rio:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u9054\u306b\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u9001\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Envio um e-mail a um amigo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Esses usos compartilham uma ideia de ponto de chegada, refer\u00eancia ou localiza\u00e7\u00e3o. H\u00e1 outras fun\u00e7\u00f5es, por isso vale avan\u00e7ar depois para o guia espec\u00edfico da <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/particula-ni-em-japones\/\">part\u00edcula NI<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u3067 (de): lugar da a\u00e7\u00e3o e meio<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u3067 indica onde uma a\u00e7\u00e3o acontece ou qual meio \u00e9 usado para realiz\u00e1-la.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3067\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a <em>\u3068\u3057\u3087\u304b\u3093 \u3067 \u306b\u307b\u3093\u3054 \u3092 \u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/em><br \/>\n\u7f57\u9a6c\u5b57\uff1a <em>Toshokan de nihongo o benky\u014d shimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nTradu\u00e7\u00e3o: Estudo japon\u00eas na biblioteca.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u96fb\u8eca\u3067\u4f1a\u793e\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a <em>\u3067\u3093\u3057\u3083 \u3067 \u304b\u3044\u3057\u3083 \u306b \u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/em><br \/>\n\u7f57\u9a6c\u5b57\uff1a <em>Densha de kaisha ni ikimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nTradu\u00e7\u00e3o: Vou \u00e0 empresa de trem.<\/p>\n\n<p>No primeiro exemplo, \u3067 marca o lugar da a\u00e7\u00e3o de estudar. No segundo, marca o meio de transporte. Veja mais exemplos no artigo sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/particula-de-em-japones\/\">a part\u00edcula DE<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u306e (no): rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre substantivos<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u306e liga dois substantivos. \u00c0s vezes indica posse, mas tamb\u00e9m pode mostrar origem, tipo, conte\u00fado ou outra rela\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u6bcd\u306e\u8eca\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a <em>\u3053\u308c \u306f \u306f\u306f \u306e \u304f\u308b\u307e \u3067\u3059<\/em><br \/>\n\u7f57\u9a6c\u5b57\uff1a <em>Kore wa haha no kuruma desu.<\/em><br \/>\nTradu\u00e7\u00e3o: Este \u00e9 o carro da minha m\u00e3e.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u672c<\/span>, por sua vez, significa \u201clivro de japon\u00eas\u201d. N\u00e3o se trata de um livro que pertence ao idioma; \u306e classifica o conte\u00fado do livro.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u3068 (to): companhia e lista completa<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u3068 pode ligar participantes de uma a\u00e7\u00e3o ou itens de uma lista apresentada como completa naquele contexto.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u9054\u3068\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a <em>\u3068\u3082\u3060\u3061 \u3068 \u3048\u3044\u304c \u3092 \u307f\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/em><br \/>\n\u7f57\u9a6c\u5b57\uff1a <em>Tomodachi to eiga o mimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nTradu\u00e7\u00e3o: Assisti a um filme com um amigo.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u30d1\u30f3\u3068\u725b\u4e73\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a <em>\u30d1\u30f3 \u3068 \u304e\u3085\u3046\u306b\u3085\u3046 \u3092 \u304b\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/em><br \/>\n\u7f57\u9a6c\u5b57\uff1a <em>Pan to gy\u016bny\u016b o kaimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nTradu\u00e7\u00e3o: Comprei p\u00e3o e leite.<\/p>\n\n<p>Outro uso importante \u00e9 marcar o conte\u00fado de uma fala ou pensamento. Ele \u00e9 apresentado com mais contexto na li\u00e7\u00e3o sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/a-particula-to-em-japones\/\">a part\u00edcula TO<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u3078 (e): dire\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u3078 aponta a dire\u00e7\u00e3o geral de um deslocamento. \u00c9 comum com verbos como \u884c\u304f, \u201cir\u201d, \u6765\u308b, \u201cvir\u201d, e \u5e30\u308b, \u201cvoltar\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u5e74\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a <em>\u3089\u3044\u306d\u3093\u3001\u306b\u307b\u3093 \u3078 \u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/em><br \/>\n\u7f57\u9a6c\u5b57\uff1a <em>Rainen, Nihon e ikimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nTradu\u00e7\u00e3o: No ano que vem, vou ao Jap\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<p>Nesse uso, \u306b tamb\u00e9m pode marcar o destino. \u3078 chama mais aten\u00e7\u00e3o para a dire\u00e7\u00e3o do movimento. A li\u00e7\u00e3o sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/a-particula-japonesa-e\/\">a part\u00edcula japonesa E<\/a> aprofunda essa nuance.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u3082 (mo): inclus\u00e3o<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u3082 acrescenta algu\u00e9m ou algo a uma informa\u00e7\u00e3o j\u00e1 estabelecida e costuma corresponder a \u201ctamb\u00e9m\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u3055\u3093\u306f\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3059\u3002\u79c1\u3082\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a <em>\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u3055\u3093 \u306f \u304c\u304f\u305b\u3044 \u3067\u3059\u3002\u308f\u305f\u3057 \u3082 \u304c\u304f\u305b\u3044 \u3067\u3059<\/em><br \/>\n\u7f57\u9a6c\u5b57\uff1a <em>Maria-san wa gakusei desu. Watashi mo gakusei desu.<\/em><br \/>\nTradu\u00e7\u00e3o: Maria \u00e9 estudante. Eu tamb\u00e9m sou estudante.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Diferen\u00e7a entre \u306f e \u304c<\/h2>\n\n<p>A compara\u00e7\u00e3o entre \u306f e \u304c n\u00e3o se resolve com a regra \u201ct\u00f3pico versus sujeito\u201d em todas as frases. Para um iniciante, a distin\u00e7\u00e3o mais \u00fatil \u00e9 observar o foco da mensagem:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u306f<\/strong> estabelece uma moldura: \u201cquanto a X&#8230;\u201d;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u304c<\/strong> identifica ou destaca X dentro daquela informa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Compare:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u6211\u662f\u5df4\u897f\u4eba\u3002<\/span><br \/>\nQuanto a mim, sou brasileiro.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3060\u308c\u304c\u30d6\u30e9\u30b8\u30eb\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002\u79c1\u304c\u30d6\u30e9\u30b8\u30eb\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\nQuem \u00e9 brasileiro? Eu sou a pessoa brasileira.<\/p>\n\n<p>No segundo caso, \u79c1\u304c responde diretamente a \u3060\u308c, \u201cquem\u201d. O contexto explica a escolha melhor do que uma tradu\u00e7\u00e3o isolada.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Diferen\u00e7a entre \u306b e \u3067<\/h2>\n\n<p>Quando as duas part\u00edculas indicam lugar, olhe para o significado do verbo:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u306b<\/strong> costuma marcar onde algu\u00e9m ou algo est\u00e1, existe ou chega;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3067<\/strong> costuma marcar onde uma a\u00e7\u00e3o acontece.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u306b\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\nH\u00e1 estudantes na biblioteca.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\nOs estudantes estudam na biblioteca.<\/p>\n\n<p>A biblioteca \u00e9 o lugar de exist\u00eancia no primeiro exemplo e o cen\u00e1rio da a\u00e7\u00e3o de estudar no segundo.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Erros comuns de brasileiros<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Procurar uma tradu\u00e7\u00e3o fixa:<\/strong> part\u00edculas organizam rela\u00e7\u00f5es gramaticais; uma equival\u00eancia em portugu\u00eas pode mudar conforme a frase.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tratar \u306f como sujeito em todos os casos:<\/strong> \u306f apresenta o t\u00f3pico e tamb\u00e9m cria contraste.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Trocar \u306b por \u3067:<\/strong> observe se o verbo expressa exist\u00eancia, destino ou uma a\u00e7\u00e3o realizada no local.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pronunciar \u306f, \u3092 e \u3078 como kana isolado:<\/strong> como part\u00edculas, elas s\u00e3o lidas <em>wa<\/em>, <em>o<\/em> e <em>e<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Decorar listas sem frases:<\/strong> pratique cada part\u00edcula junto com verbos e situa\u00e7\u00f5es recorrentes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Repetir pronomes desnecessariamente:<\/strong> o japon\u00eas costuma omitir informa\u00e7\u00f5es recuper\u00e1veis pelo contexto.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Exemplo em uma situa\u00e7\u00e3o real<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u3053\u3067\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Doko de nihongo o benky\u014d shimasu ka?<\/em><br \/>\nOnde voc\u00ea estuda japon\u00eas?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u5bb6\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u571f\u66dc\u65e5\u306b\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Ie de benky\u014d shimasu. Doy\u014dbi ni toshokan e ikimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nEstudo em casa. Aos s\u00e1bados, vou \u00e0 biblioteca.<\/p>\n\n<p>No di\u00e1logo, \u3067 marca o local da a\u00e7\u00e3o de estudar, \u3092 marca o objeto \u201cjapon\u00eas\u201d, \u306b marca o tempo e \u3078 aponta a dire\u00e7\u00e3o do deslocamento.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Exerc\u00edcios sobre part\u00edculas japonesas<\/h2>\n\n<p>Complete com \u306f, \u304c, \u3092, \u306b, \u3067, \u306e, \u3068, \u3078 ou \u3082. Mais de uma resposta pode ser poss\u00edvel em outro contexto, mas escolha a op\u00e7\u00e3o mais natural para a leitura proposta.<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6bce\u671d\u3001\u516d\u6642\uff08\u3000\uff09\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Acordo \u00e0s seis todas as manh\u00e3s.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u30ab\u30d5\u30a7\uff08\u3000\uff09\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\uff08\u3000\uff09\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Bebo caf\u00e9 na cafeteria.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\uff08\u3000\uff09\u8f9e\u66f8\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Este \u00e9 um dicion\u00e1rio de japon\u00eas.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3060\u308c\uff08\u3000\uff09\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Quem veio?<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u9054\uff08\u3000\uff09\u4eac\u90fd\uff08\u3000\uff09\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Fui a Kyoto com um amigo.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details>\n<summary><strong>Ver respostas<\/strong><\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li>\u306b: marca o hor\u00e1rio espec\u00edfico.<\/li>\n<li>\u3067 \/ \u3092: \u3067 marca o local da a\u00e7\u00e3o; \u3092 marca aquilo que \u00e9 bebido.<\/li>\n<li>\u306e: liga \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e e \u8f9e\u66f8.<\/li>\n<li>\u304c: identifica a pessoa procurada pela pergunta.<\/li>\n<li>\u3068 \/ \u306b ou \u3078: \u3068 marca companhia; \u306b marca o destino, e \u3078 tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 poss\u00edvel quando a dire\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 enfatizada.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n<h2>\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-168ebbc6cc42b\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u52a9\u8bcd\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e66\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u7b80\u5355\u52a9\u8bcd\u53ca\u5176\u7ec4\u5408\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u4ece\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9047\u5230\u65b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\u9010\u6b65\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u8303\u56f4\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-c789efc05db6f\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u52a9\u8bcd\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5417\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bcd\u6c47\u5728\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u4ecb\u8bcd\u6216\u8fde\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u8bd1\u6cd5\u3002\u6700\u597d\u901a\u8fc7\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u53e5\u5f0f\u6765\u638c\u63e1\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-0556588d03dd1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u201c\u306f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u304c\u201d\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u306f\u201d\u7528\u4e8e\u5f15\u51fa\u8bdd\u9898\u6216\u8868\u8fbe\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u304c\u201d\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u660e\u6216\u7a81\u51fa\u67d0\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u8be5\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u548c\u53e5\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-e60e9d9c5037a\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u4f55\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u306b\u201d\u6216\u201c\u3067\u201d\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5730\u70b9\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u8868\u793a\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u505c\u7559\u6216\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u306b\u201d\uff1b\u8868\u793a\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u5730\u70b9\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u3067\u201d\u3002\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u8003\u4f9d\u636e\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-efc82ef95734a\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u52a9\u8bcd\u5417\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u5728\u53e3\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u8bed\u4e49\u5173\u7cfb\u660e\u786e\u65f6\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u52a9\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u5148\u638c\u63e1\u5b8c\u6574\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5b66\u4f1a\u8bc6\u522b\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u7701\u7565\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Pr\u00f3ximo passo<\/h2>\n\n<p>Agora escolha uma dupla que costuma causar d\u00favida e estude-a em contexto. Comece por \u306f e \u304c ou por \u306b e \u3067, releia os exemplos e crie tr\u00eas frases pr\u00f3prias para cada fun\u00e7\u00e3o. Depois, aplique as part\u00edculas ao guia de <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/como-formar-frases-em-japones\/\">\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u65e5\u8bed\u9020\u53e5<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p>As part\u00edculas no fim da senten\u00e7a, como \u306d e \u3088, cumprem outro papel: expressam a atitude do falante e administram a intera\u00e7\u00e3o. Elas s\u00e3o explicadas separadamente no artigo sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/%e6%97%a5%e8%af%ad%e5%8f%a5%e5%b0%be%e5%8a%a9%e8%af%8d\/\">part\u00edculas para o final de frases<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Fonte e crit\u00e9rio de revis\u00e3o<\/h2>\n\n<p>As fun\u00e7\u00f5es e os contrastes deste guia foram conferidos na <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/Grammar_all.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">compila\u00e7\u00e3o oficial de notas gramaticais do Irodori<\/a>, material da Japan Foundation que apresenta part\u00edculas em situa\u00e7\u00f5es comunicativas e mostra, entre outros pontos, a diferen\u00e7a entre \u306b e \u3067 conforme o significado do verbo. A fonte foi verificada em 1\u00ba de agosto de 2026.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe\u8868\u3001\u4f8b\u53e5\u3001\u5bf9\u201c\u306f\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u304c\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u306b\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u3067\u201d\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5206\u6790\u3001\u7ec3\u4e60\u9898\u548c\u540e\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u52a9\u8bcd\u3002.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":4376,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,74],"tags":[69,27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1729","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-particulas-em-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1729","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1729"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1729\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4375,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1729\/revisions\/4375"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4376"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1729"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1729"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1729"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}