{"id":2144,"date":"2009-11-04T06:40:58","date_gmt":"2009-11-04T08:40:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2144"},"modified":"2026-08-15T15:42:32","modified_gmt":"2026-08-15T18:42:32","slug":"%e3%81%be%e3%81%97%e3%81%9f%e5%8a%a8%e8%af%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/forma-mashou-dos-verbos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 (mashou) \u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\u548c\u5efa\u8bae"},"content":{"rendered":"

A \u5f62\u5f0f \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 (mashou<\/em>)<\/strong> \u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u63d0\u8bae\u5171\u540c\u884c\u52a8\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u5427\uff1f\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u9080\u8bf7\u3001\u5efa\u8bae\u3001\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u9080\u8bf7\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u56de\u5e94\u4e2d\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u867d\u7136\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u5bf9\u5e94\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u201cvamos\u201d\uff0c\u4f46 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u4e0d\u662f\u5c06\u6765\u65f6\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u5f62\u5f0f\u6216\u613f\u671b\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u8868\u660e\u6b64\u4eba\u662f\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u5efa\u8bae\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u9080\u8bf7\u8fd8\u662f\u9f13\u52b1\u7fa4\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u5728\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n

\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u662f \u793c\u8c8c\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u5f62\u5f0f<\/strong> \u65e5\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u3002\u201c\u610f\u5fd7\u201d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u8868\u8fbe\u610f\u613f\u6216\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u8bdd\u8005\u6216\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u3044\u3063\u3057\u3087\u306b\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/strong>
Issho ni nihongo o benky\u014d shimash\u014d.<\/em>
\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u5b66\u4e60\u65e5\u8bed\u5427\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u7f57\u9a6c\u5b57\u62fc\u5199\u53ef\u80fd\u663e\u793a\u4e3a mash\u014d<\/em> \u6216 mashou<\/em>. \u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ed3\u5c3e \u3057\u3087\u3046 \u6709\u957f\u5143\u97f3\uff0c\u53d1\u97f3\u8fd1\u4f3c\u201cmash\u00f4\u201d\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u533a\u5206\u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u4eba\u201c\u80fd\u591f\u201d\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728 \u52a8\u52bf<\/a>. \u4e2d\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u201c\u60f3\u8981\u505a\u201d\uff0c\u8be5\u610f\u4e49\u7531 \u305f\u3044 \u5f62\u5f0f<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

\u5982\u4f55\u7528 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u6784\u6210\u52a8\u8bcd<\/h2>\n\n

\u5b9e\u7528\u89c4\u5219\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff1a\u5c06\u52a8\u8bcd\u7f6e\u4e8e \u307e\u3059 \u5f62\u5f0f\u5e76\u66ff\u6362 \u307e\u3059<\/strong> \u7531 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5e72 + \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u8bcd\u5178\u5f62\u5f0f<\/th>\n\u307e\u3059\u5f62\u5f0f<\/th>\n\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 \u5f62\u5f0f<\/th>\n\u57fa\u672c\u542b\u4e49<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u884c\u304f (iku<\/em>)<\/td>\n\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/td>\n\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/td>\n\u8d70\u5427<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u8a71\u3059 (hanasu<\/em>)<\/td>\n\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/td>\n\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/td>\n\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u5427<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u98df\u3079\u308b (taberu<\/em>)<\/td>\n\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/td>\n\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/td>\n\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u5403<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3059\u308b (\u6fd1\u6237<\/em>)<\/td>\n\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/td>\n\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/td>\n\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u5427<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6765\u308b (kuru<\/em>)<\/td>\n\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/td>\n\u6765\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/td>\n\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5427<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u638c\u63e1 \u65e5\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u307e\u3059\u5f62<\/a> \u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u53bb\u6389\u307e\u3059\u5e76\u52a0\u4e0a\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4ecd\u7136\u96be\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u50cf\u884c\u304f\u3001\u98df\u3079\u308b\u548c\u3059\u308b\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8bcd\u5e72\uff0c\u8bf7\u590d\u4e60 \u65e5\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7ec4<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u5f62<\/h2>\n\n

1. \u63d0\u8bae\u4e00\u8d77\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b<\/h3>\n\n

\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\u5efa\u8bae\u8bf4\u8bdd\u8005\u548c\u542c\u8bdd\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u4f11\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/strong>
Yasumimash\u014d\u3002.<\/em>
\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4f11\u606f\u5427\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u3053\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/strong>
Kono mondai ni tsuite hanashimash\u014d\u3002.<\/em>
\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8c08\u8c08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u6839\u636e\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u8bed\u8c03\uff0c\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u53ef\u4ee5\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u63d0\u8bae\u3001\u9f13\u52b1\u6216\u9488\u5bf9\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

2. \u63a5\u53d7\u9080\u8bf7<\/h3>\n\n

\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u662f\u6536\u5230\u5e26\u6709\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u6765\u56de\u5e94\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

A: \u571f\u66dc\u65e5\u3001\u3044\u3063\u3057\u3087\u306b\u663c\u3054\u98ef\u3092\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
Doy\u014dbi, issho ni hirugohan o tabemasen ka.<\/em>
\u4f60\u661f\u671f\u516d\u60f3\u548c\u6211\u4e00\u8d77\u5403\u5348\u996d\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n\n

B: \u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/strong>
Ii desu ne. Tabemash\u014d.<\/em>
\u597d\u4e3b\u610f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u5427\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\u53d1\u51fa\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u5bf9\u65b9\u7559\u4e0b\u63a5\u53d7\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56de\u7b54\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u5219\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u63d0\u8bae\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

3. \u5546\u5b9a\u8ba1\u5212<\/h3>\n\n

\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u4e5f\u7528\u4e8e\u6572\u5b9a\u51b3\u5b9a\u6216\u5efa\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u8ba1\u5212\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u4e09\u6642\u306b\u99c5\u3067\u4f1a\u3044\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/strong>
Sanji ni eki de aimash\u014d.<\/em>
\u6211\u4eec\u4e09\u70b9\u5728\u8f66\u7ad9\u89c1\u9762\u5427\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u3053\u3053\u307e\u3067\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/strong>
Ky\u014d wa koko made ni shimash\u014d.<\/em>
\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u5230\u6b64\u4e3a\u6b62\u5427\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

4. \u9f13\u52b1\u6216\u5f15\u5bfc\u7fa4\u4f53<\/h3>\n\n

\u6559\u5e08\u3001\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u548c\u6559\u6750\u4f7f\u7528\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u6765\u9080\u8bf7\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u884c\u67d0\u9879\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u4f8b\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/strong>
Rei o mite mimash\u014d.<\/em>
\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u6bce\u65e5\u5c11\u3057\u305a\u3064\u7df4\u7fd2\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/strong>
Mainichi sukoshi zutsu rensh\u016b shimash\u014d.<\/em>
\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u5929\u7ec3\u4e60\u4e00\u70b9\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u201c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u4e5f\u8d77\u5230\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u9f13\u52b1\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u8005\u5f15\u5bfc\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u76f4\u63a5\u547d\u4ee4\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b<\/h2>\n\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0\u7591\u95ee\u52a9\u8bcd \u304b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230 \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b<\/strong>. \u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e2e\u52a9\u6216\u8bf7\u6c42\u5bf9\u65b9\u53c2\u4e0e\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u4e3b\u52a8\u63d0\u51fa\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b<\/h3>\n\n

\u8377\u7269\u3092\u6301\u3061\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
Nimotsu o mochimash\u014d ka.<\/em>
\u8981\u6211\u5e2e\u4f60\u62ff\u884c\u674e\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n\n

\u7a93\u3092\u958b\u3051\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
Mado o akemash\u014d ka.<\/em>
\u8981\u6211\u6253\u5f00\u7a97\u6237\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bf4\u8bdd\u8005\u4e3b\u52a8\u63d0\u51fa\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u673a\u68b0\u5730\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u62ff\u5427\uff1f\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u5427\uff1f\u201d\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u66f4\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e8b<\/h3>\n\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u7591\u95ee\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n

\u3069\u3053\u3067\u4f1a\u3044\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
Doko de aimash\u014d ka.<\/em>
\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u89c1\u9762\uff1f<\/p>\n\n

\u4f55\u6642\u306b\u51fa\u767a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
Nanji ni shuppatsu shimash\u014d ka.<\/em>
\u6211\u4eec\u51e0\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff1f<\/p>\n\n

\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3001\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b \u548c \u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b \u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u7ed3\u6784<\/th>\n\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd<\/th>\n\u793a\u4f8b<\/th>\n\u81ea\u7136\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/td>\n\u63d0\u8bae\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u6216\u786e\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u52a8<\/td>\n\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/td>\n\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u5427\u3002.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b<\/td>\nOferecer ajuda ou pedir uma decis\u00e3o<\/td>\n\u624b\u4f1d\u3044\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/td>\nQuer que eu ajude?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b<\/td>\nConvidar de modo aberto<\/td>\n\u884c\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\u3002<\/td>\nVoc\u00ea gostaria de ir?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

Ao iniciar um convite, \u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b costuma deixar mais espa\u00e7o para a resposta do interlocutor. \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 apresenta a a\u00e7\u00e3o como proposta ou encaminhamento e pode soar mais decidido. Nenhuma das duas \u00e9 automaticamente rude; a escolha depende da rela\u00e7\u00e3o, da situa\u00e7\u00e3o e da inten\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n

Forma \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 e forma volitiva simples<\/h2>\n\n

O texto antigo tratava \u884c\u3053\u3046, \u98df\u3079\u3088\u3046 e \u3057\u3088\u3046 como uma \u201cforma mashou informal\u201d. \u00c9 mais preciso cham\u00e1-las de forma volitiva simples<\/strong>. Elas cumprem fun\u00e7\u00f5es relacionadas, mas pertencem ao registro casual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u7ec4\u522b<\/th>\nRegra da volitiva simples<\/th>\n\u793a\u4f8b<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Godan<\/td>\nTroque a s\u00edlaba final da coluna U pela correspondente da coluna O e acrescente \u3046<\/td>\n\u884c\u304f \u2192 \u884c\u3053\u3046; \u8a71\u3059 \u2192 \u8a71\u305d\u3046<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ichidan<\/td>\nRetire \u308b e acrescente \u3088\u3046<\/td>\n\u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u3088\u3046<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Irregulares<\/td>\nUse as formas pr\u00f3prias<\/td>\n\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u3088\u3046; \u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3088\u3046<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\u3088\u3046\u3002<\/strong>
Eiga o miy\u014d.<\/em>
Vamos assistir a um filme.<\/p>\n\n

A forma simples \u00e9 natural entre pessoas pr\u00f3ximas. Ela tamb\u00e9m participa de constru\u00e7\u00f5es de inten\u00e7\u00e3o, como \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059 (\u201cestou pensando em estudar japon\u00eas\u201d). Para revisar o registro casual que serve de base para essas conjuga\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte a \u65e5\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u7b80\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Mini di\u00e1logo com \u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b e \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/h2>\n\n

A\uff1a<\/strong> \u65e5\u66dc\u65e5\u3001\u3044\u3063\u3057\u3087\u306b\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\u3002
Nichiy\u014dbi, issho ni eiga o mi ni ikimasen ka.<\/em>
Voc\u00ea gostaria de ir ao cinema comigo no domingo?<\/p>\n\n

B\uff1a<\/strong> \u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002
Ii desu ne. Ikimash\u014d.<\/em>
\u597d\u4e3b\u610f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u5427\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

A\uff1a<\/strong> \u4f55\u6642\u306b\u4f1a\u3044\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002
Nanji ni aimash\u014d ka.<\/em>
A que horas vamos nos encontrar?<\/p>\n\n

B\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e09\u6642\u306b\u99c5\u3067\u4f1a\u3044\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002
Sanji ni eki de aimash\u014d.<\/em>
\u6211\u4eec\u4e09\u70b9\u5728\u8f66\u7ad9\u89c1\u9762\u5427\u3002.<\/p>\n\n

O di\u00e1logo percorre uma sequ\u00eancia natural: convite com \u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b, aceita\u00e7\u00e3o com \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046, decis\u00e3o conjunta com \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b e confirma\u00e7\u00e3o do plano com \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046.<\/p>\n\n

Erros comuns com \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/h2>\n\n