{"id":2172,"date":"2010-04-29T09:00:09","date_gmt":"2010-04-29T12:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2172"},"modified":"2026-08-16T00:20:05","modified_gmt":"2026-08-16T03:20:05","slug":"%e6%97%a5%e8%af%ad%e5%8f%8a%e7%89%a9%e5%8a%a8%e8%af%8d%e5%92%8c%e4%b8%8d%e5%8f%8a%e7%89%a9%e5%8a%a8%e8%af%8d%e5%88%97%e8%a1%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/lista-verbos-transitivos-e-intransitivos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u4ed6\u52a8\u8bcd\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u8bcd\uff1a\u5217\u8868\u4e0e\u793a\u4f8b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Verbos transitivos e intransitivos em japon\u00eas descrevem a mesma situa\u00e7\u00e3o por perspectivas diferentes.<\/strong> O verbo transitivo mostra algu\u00e9m agindo sobre um objeto, normalmente no padr\u00e3o <strong>pessoa \u304c + objeto \u3092 + verbo<\/strong>. O intransitivo apresenta algo que acontece ou muda de estado, geralmente como <strong>elemento \u304c + verbo<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a <strong>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong> significa \u201ca porta abriu\u201d, enquanto <strong>\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong> significa \u201cTanaka abriu a porta\u201d. No primeiro caso, o foco est\u00e1 no acontecimento; no segundo, na a\u00e7\u00e3o de uma pessoa sobre a porta.<\/p>\n\n<p>A diferen\u00e7a n\u00e3o equivale \u00e0 voz passiva. Tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o existe uma termina\u00e7\u00e3o infal\u00edvel que revele todos os pares. O m\u00e9todo mais seguro \u00e9 aprender cada verbo com sua part\u00edcula, seu sentido e uma frase curta. Se voc\u00ea ainda est\u00e1 organizando a base, revise os <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/%e6%97%a5%e8%af%ad%e5%8a%a8%e8%af%8d%e5%88%86%e7%bb%84\/\">\u65e5\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7ec4<\/a> e o guia das <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/%e6%97%a5%e8%af%ad%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e7%b2%92%e5%ad%90\/\">part\u00edculas \u306f, \u304c, \u3092, \u306b e \u3067<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>O que s\u00e3o verbos transitivos e intransitivos em japon\u00eas?<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\u305f\u3069\u3046\u3057, tad\u014dshi\uff09<\/strong> \u00e9 o verbo transitivo. Ele expressa uma a\u00e7\u00e3o dirigida a um objeto: algu\u00e9m abre algo, liga algo ou decide algo. Esse objeto direto costuma ser marcado por <strong>\u3092<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\u3058\u3069\u3046\u3057, jid\u014dshi\uff09<\/strong> \u00e9 o verbo intransitivo. Ele descreve um acontecimento, uma mudan\u00e7a ou um estado sem objeto direto: algo abre, liga, cai ou fica decidido. O elemento que passa por essa situa\u00e7\u00e3o costuma ser marcado por <strong>\u304c<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Tipo<\/th><th>Padr\u00e3o b\u00e1sico<\/th><th>\u793a\u4f8b<\/th><th>\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd<\/td><td>N \u304c + verbo<\/td><td>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/td><td>A porta abre.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd<\/td><td>Pessoa \u304c + N \u3092 + verbo<\/td><td>\u5e97\u54e1\u304c\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/td><td>O atendente abre a porta.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>\u8be5\u6750\u6599 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori\uff0c\u7531\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b<\/a>, resume essa oposi\u00e7\u00e3o como <strong>N \u304c V<\/strong> para intransitivos e <strong>(pessoa \u304c) N \u3092 V<\/strong> para transitivos. Essa f\u00f3rmula \u00e9 um excelente ponto de partida, mas n\u00e3o deve ser aplicada de forma mec\u00e2nica.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como reconhecer cada tipo sem decorar uma tradu\u00e7\u00e3o passiva<\/h2>\n\n<p>Fa\u00e7a duas perguntas. Primeiro: existe algu\u00e9m ou alguma coisa que atua sobre um objeto? Se sim, o verbo tende a ser transitivo. Segundo: a frase apenas apresenta algo acontecendo ou mudando de estado? Nesse caso, o verbo tende a ser intransitivo.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7a93\u304c\u9589\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u307e\u3069 \u304c \u3057\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Mado ga shimari mashita.<\/em><br \/>A janela fechou.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5c71\u7530\u3055\u3093\u304c\u7a93\u3092\u9589\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3084\u307e\u3060\u3055\u3093 \u304c \u307e\u3069 \u3092 \u3057\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Yamada-san ga mado o shime mashita.<\/em><br \/>Yamada fechou a janela.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>N\u00e3o traduza automaticamente o intransitivo com \u201cser + partic\u00edpio\u201d. <strong>\u7a93\u304c\u9589\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong> n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma constru\u00e7\u00e3o passiva: a frase simplesmente informa que a janela fechou. A passiva japonesa exigiria outra forma verbal e mudaria a estrutura.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 importante lembrar que nem todo <strong>\u3092<\/strong> marca objeto direto. Em <strong>\u30db\u30c6\u30eb\u3092\u51fa\u307e\u3059<\/strong> (\u201csair do hotel\u201d) e <strong>\u9053\u3092\u6b69\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/strong> (\u201ccaminhar pela rua\u201d), \u3092 indica ponto de sa\u00edda ou percurso. O verbo continua intransitivo. Esse cuidado aparece no <a href=\"https:\/\/md.jpf.go.jp\/userfiles\/file\/2018\/Lengua%20Japonesa\/Gramatica\/A2-B1-JP_rev.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">material gramatical A2\u2013B1 da Japan Foundation Madrid<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u65e5\u8bed\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e00\u89c8\u8868<\/h2>\n\n<p>A tabela re\u00fane pares frequentes e \u00fateis. Ela n\u00e3o pretende listar todos os verbos da l\u00edngua. Memorize cada linha como duas frases poss\u00edveis, observando <strong>\u304c<\/strong> com o intransitivo e <strong>\u3092<\/strong> com o transitivo.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd<\/th><th>\u542b\u4e49<\/th><th>\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd<\/th><th>\u542b\u4e49<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\u958b\u304f\uff08\u3042\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>abrir-se; ficar aberto<\/td><td>\u958b\u3051\u308b\uff08\u3042\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>abrir algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u9589\u307e\u308b\uff08\u3057\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>fechar-se; ficar fechado<\/td><td>\u9589\u3081\u308b\uff08\u3057\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>fechar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3064\u304f<\/td><td>acender; ficar ligado<\/td><td>\u3064\u3051\u308b<\/td><td>acender ou ligar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6d88\u3048\u308b\uff08\u304d\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>apagar-se; desaparecer<\/td><td>\u6d88\u3059\uff08\u3051\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>apagar ou desligar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5165\u308b\uff08\u306f\u3044\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>entrar; estar contido<\/td><td>\u5165\u308c\u308b\uff08\u3044\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>colocar; inserir<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u51fa\u308b\uff08\u3067\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>sair; aparecer<\/td><td>\u51fa\u3059\uff08\u3060\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>p\u00f4r para fora; enviar<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u59cb\u307e\u308b\uff08\u306f\u3058\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>\u5f00\u59cb<\/td><td>\u59cb\u3081\u308b\uff08\u306f\u3058\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>come\u00e7ar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u7d42\u308f\u308b\uff08\u304a\u308f\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>terminar<\/td><td>\u7d42\u3048\u308b\uff08\u304a\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>concluir algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6b62\u307e\u308b\uff08\u3068\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>\u505c\u6b62<\/td><td>\u6b62\u3081\u308b\uff08\u3068\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>parar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u52d5\u304f\uff08\u3046\u3054\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>mover-se; funcionar<\/td><td>\u52d5\u304b\u3059\uff08\u3046\u3054\u304b\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>mover ou operar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5909\u308f\u308b\uff08\u304b\u308f\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>mudar<\/td><td>\u5909\u3048\u308b\uff08\u304b\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>mudar ou alterar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6c7a\u307e\u308b\uff08\u304d\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>ficar decidido<\/td><td>\u6c7a\u3081\u308b\uff08\u304d\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>decidir algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u7d9a\u304f\uff08\u3064\u3065\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>\u7ee7\u7eed<\/td><td>\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\uff08\u3064\u3065\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>continuar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u96c6\u307e\u308b\uff08\u3042\u3064\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>reunir-se<\/td><td>\u96c6\u3081\u308b\uff08\u3042\u3064\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>reunir; coletar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u898b\u3064\u304b\u308b\uff08\u307f\u3064\u304b\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>ser encontrado; aparecer<\/td><td>\u898b\u3064\u3051\u308b\uff08\u307f\u3064\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>encontrar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u58ca\u308c\u308b\uff08\u3053\u308f\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>quebrar; deixar de funcionar<\/td><td>\u58ca\u3059\uff08\u3053\u308f\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>quebrar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5272\u308c\u308b\uff08\u308f\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>quebrar-se; rachar<\/td><td>\u5272\u308b\uff08\u308f\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>quebrar ou dividir algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6298\u308c\u308b\uff08\u304a\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>quebrar-se; dobrar-se<\/td><td>\u6298\u308b\uff08\u304a\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>quebrar ou dobrar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u843d\u3061\u308b\uff08\u304a\u3061\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>cair<\/td><td>\u843d\u3068\u3059\uff08\u304a\u3068\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>derrubar; deixar cair<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5c4a\u304f\uff08\u3068\u3069\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>chegar ao destino<\/td><td>\u5c4a\u3051\u308b\uff08\u3068\u3069\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>entregar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u76f4\u308b\uff08\u306a\u304a\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>ser consertado; voltar ao normal<\/td><td>\u76f4\u3059\uff08\u306a\u304a\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>consertar ou corrigir algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5897\u3048\u308b\uff08\u3075\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>aumentar em quantidade<\/td><td>\u5897\u3084\u3059\uff08\u3075\u3084\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>aumentar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6e1b\u308b\uff08\u3078\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>diminuir em quantidade<\/td><td>\u6e1b\u3089\u3059\uff08\u3078\u3089\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>reduzir algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u4e0a\u304c\u308b\uff08\u3042\u304c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>subir; aumentar<\/td><td>\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\uff08\u3042\u3052\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>levantar; aumentar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u4e0b\u304c\u308b\uff08\u3055\u304c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>descer; diminuir<\/td><td>\u4e0b\u3052\u308b\uff08\u3055\u3052\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>abaixar; diminuir algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u51b7\u3048\u308b\uff08\u3072\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>esfriar; ficar frio<\/td><td>\u51b7\u3084\u3059\uff08\u3072\u3084\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>esfriar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6e29\u307e\u308b\uff08\u3042\u305f\u305f\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>aquecer-se; ficar quente<\/td><td>\u6e29\u3081\u308b\uff08\u3042\u305f\u305f\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>aquecer algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6c5a\u308c\u308b\uff08\u3088\u3054\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>sujar-se; ficar sujo<\/td><td>\u6c5a\u3059\uff08\u3088\u3054\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>sujar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u8d77\u304d\u308b\uff08\u304a\u304d\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>acordar; levantar-se<\/td><td>\u8d77\u3053\u3059\uff08\u304a\u3053\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>acordar algu\u00e9m; causar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u80b2\u3064\uff08\u305d\u3060\u3064\uff09<\/td><td>crescer; desenvolver-se<\/td><td>\u80b2\u3066\u308b\uff08\u305d\u3060\u3066\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>criar; cultivar; desenvolver algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u713c\u3051\u308b\uff08\u3084\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>assar; grelhar at\u00e9 ficar pronto<\/td><td>\u713c\u304f\uff08\u3084\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>assar ou grelhar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u716e\u3048\u308b\uff08\u306b\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>cozinhar at\u00e9 ficar pronto<\/td><td>\u716e\u308b\uff08\u306b\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>cozinhar algo em l\u00edquido<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpf.go.jp\/j\/project\/japanese\/teach\/tsushin\/language\/202412.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an\u00e1lise lingu\u00edstica da Japan Foundation sobre \u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e e \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e<\/a> mostra que existem v\u00e1rios padr\u00f5es de forma\u00e7\u00e3o e tamb\u00e9m exce\u00e7\u00f5es. Em vez de procurar uma regra \u00fanica, aprenda o verbo dentro de uma estrutura completa.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Exemplos que mostram a mudan\u00e7a de perspectiva<\/h2>\n\n<h3>A porta abriu ou algu\u00e9m abriu a porta<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u30c9\u30a2 \u304c \u3042\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Doa ga aki mashita.<\/em><br \/>A porta abriu.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u305f\u306a\u304b\u3055\u3093 \u304c \u30c9\u30a2 \u3092 \u3042\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Tanaka-san ga doa o ake mashita.<\/em><br \/>Tanaka abriu a porta.<\/p>\n\n<h3>A reuni\u00e3o come\u00e7ou ou algu\u00e9m come\u00e7ou a reuni\u00e3o<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u4f1a\u8b70\u304c\u5341\u6642\u306b\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u304b\u3044\u304e \u304c \u3058\u3085\u3046\u3058 \u306b \u306f\u3058\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Kaigi ga j\u016bji ni hajimari masu.<\/em><br \/>A reuni\u00e3o come\u00e7a \u00e0s dez horas.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u90e8\u9577\u304c\u4f1a\u8b70\u3092\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3076\u3061\u3087\u3046 \u304c \u304b\u3044\u304e \u3092 \u306f\u3058\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Buch\u014d ga kaigi o hajime masu.<\/em><br \/>O gerente inicia a reuni\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<h3>A quantidade aumentou ou algu\u00e9m aumentou a quantidade<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u5897\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u304c\u304f\u305b\u3044 \u304c \u3075\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Gakusei ga fue mashita.<\/em><br \/>O n\u00famero de estudantes aumentou.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u5b66\u6821\u304c\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u306e\u6570\u3092\u5897\u3084\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u304c\u3063\u3053\u3046 \u304c \u30af\u30e9\u30b9 \u306e \u304b\u305a \u3092 \u3075\u3084\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Gakk\u014d ga kurasu no kazu o fuyashi mashita.<\/em><br \/>A escola aumentou o n\u00famero de turmas.<\/p>\n\n<p>Observe que o portugu\u00eas \u00e0s vezes usa o mesmo verbo nas duas frases. Em japon\u00eas, a escolha do par explicita se o falante apresenta o acontecimento ou a a\u00e7\u00e3o de algu\u00e9m sobre alguma coisa. Essa distin\u00e7\u00e3o ajuda a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8%e6%97%a5%e8%af%ad%e9%80%a0%e5%8f%a5\/\">formar frases em japon\u00eas<\/a> com mais precis\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Verbos intransitivos com \u3066\u3044\u308b e transitivos com \u3066\u3042\u308b<\/h2>\n\n<p>Os pares tamb\u00e9m aparecem ao descrever estados. Com um intransitivo na <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/%e6%97%a5%e8%af%ad%e5%8a%a8%e8%af%8d%e7%9a%84%e5%bd%a2%e6%80%81\/\">\u3066\u5f62<\/a> seguido de <strong>\u3044\u308b<\/strong>, a frase apresenta o estado observado. Com um transitivo seguido de <strong>\u3042\u308b<\/strong>, ela pode destacar que o estado resulta de uma a\u00e7\u00e3o intencional.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>A porta est\u00e1 aberta. O estado \u00e9 apresentado sem indicar quem abriu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u3051\u3066\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>A porta foi deixada aberta. H\u00e1 a ideia de que algu\u00e9m a abriu com uma finalidade.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>O contraste entre <strong>\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3044\u308b<\/strong> e <strong>\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3042\u308b<\/strong> \u00e9 explicado no <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary02\/pdf\/Z_L13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori Elementar 2, li\u00e7\u00e3o 13<\/a>. N\u00e3o confunda esse uso de \u3066\u3042\u308b com uma tradu\u00e7\u00e3o passiva autom\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Nem todo par parecido \u00e9 um par transitivo\u2013intransitivo<\/h2>\n\n<p>Algumas associa\u00e7\u00f5es comuns geram erros. <strong>\u660e\u767d<\/strong> (\u201centender\u201d) e <strong>\u5206\u5f00<\/strong> (\u201cdividir-se; separar-se\u201d) n\u00e3o formam um par com o mesmo sentido. <strong>\u898b\u308b<\/strong> (\u201cver; olhar\u201d) e <strong>\u53ef\u89c1<\/strong> (\u201cser vis\u00edvel; conseguir ver naturalmente\u201d) tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o devem ser tratados apenas como \u201cver\u201d e \u201cser visto\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<p>O mesmo cuidado vale para <strong>\u542c<\/strong> e <strong>\u80fd\u542c\u5230<\/strong>. O primeiro pode significar ouvir deliberadamente ou perguntar; o segundo indica que algo \u00e9 aud\u00edvel. J\u00e1 <strong>\u7545\u9500<\/strong> pode significar \u201cvender bem\u201d ou \u201cser vend\u00e1vel\u201d, e n\u00e3o corresponde simplesmente \u00e0 passiva de <strong>\u5356<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>H\u00e1 ainda verbos sem um parceiro regular. <strong>\u8d70\u308b<\/strong> (\u201ccorrer\u201d) \u00e9 intransitivo; <strong>\u8d70\u3089\u305b\u308b<\/strong> \u00e9 sua forma causativa, \u201cfazer correr\u201d, n\u00e3o um verbo transitivo emparelhado pelo mesmo processo dos pares da tabela. Se precisar revisar essa diferen\u00e7a, consulte tamb\u00e9m a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/%e5%8a%a8%e5%8a%bf\/\">forma potencial dos verbos<\/a>, que n\u00e3o deve ser confundida com intransitividade.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como memorizar os pares com mais seguran\u00e7a<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Aprenda a part\u00edcula junto.<\/strong> Registre \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304f e \u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u308b, n\u00e3o apenas \u958b\u304f e \u958b\u3051\u308b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Use uma cena para os dois verbos.<\/strong> Imagine a luz acendendo e depois algu\u00e9m acendendo a luz: \u96fb\u6c17\u304c\u3064\u304f \/ \u96fb\u6c17\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Compare frases curtas.<\/strong> A oposi\u00e7\u00e3o fica mais clara quando sujeito, objeto e part\u00edcula aparecem.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Evite regras de termina\u00e7\u00e3o absolutas.<\/strong> Elas funcionam como pistas, mas t\u00eam exce\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Confirme no dicion\u00e1rio.<\/strong> Procure as indica\u00e7\u00f5es \u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e e \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e e verifique a estrutura do exemplo.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>Esse m\u00e9todo se encaixa no estudo de <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/%e6%97%a5%e8%af%ad%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/\">\u9002\u5408\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u65e5\u8bed\u8bed\u6cd5<\/a>: primeiro reconhe\u00e7a a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre as palavras e depois amplie o vocabul\u00e1rio.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Exerc\u00edcios<\/h2>\n\n<p>Escolha o verbo que completa cada frase.<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\uff08\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f \/ \u958b\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u79c1\u304c\u7a93\u3092\uff08\u9589\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f \/ \u9589\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u96fb\u6c17\u304c\uff08\u3064\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f \/ \u3064\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u59b9\u304c\u90e8\u5c4b\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u3092\uff08\u6d88\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f \/ \u6d88\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f1a\u8b70\u304c\u5341\u6642\u306b\uff08\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059 \/ \u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3059\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5148\u751f\u304c\u6388\u696d\u3092\uff08\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059 \/ \u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3059\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>Ver respostas explicadas<\/strong><\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong>: \u30c9\u30a2 \u00e9 o elemento que abriu e recebe \u304c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9589\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong>: \u79c1 age sobre \u7a93, marcado por \u3092.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3064\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong>: a luz acendeu; n\u00e3o h\u00e1 objeto direto.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6d88\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong>: a irm\u00e3 desligou a luz, que recebe \u3092.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/strong>: a reuni\u00e3o \u00e9 apresentada como o evento que come\u00e7a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3059<\/strong>: o professor inicia a aula, marcada por \u3092.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n<h2>Resumo<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e<\/strong> descreve algo acontecendo ou mudando de estado, geralmente em N \u304c V.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e<\/strong> descreve algu\u00e9m agindo sobre um objeto, geralmente em pessoa \u304c + N \u3092 V.<\/li>\n<li>Intransitivo n\u00e3o \u00e9 sin\u00f4nimo de passivo.<\/li>\n<li>O uso de \u3092 n\u00e3o basta sozinho para classificar o verbo.<\/li>\n<li>Os pares devem ser aprendidos com part\u00edcula, sentido e exemplo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Depois de dominar essa oposi\u00e7\u00e3o, voc\u00ea perceber\u00e1 com mais facilidade por que o japon\u00eas escolhe verbos diferentes para \u201calgo mudou\u201d e \u201calgu\u00e9m mudou algo\u201d. Continue praticando com os <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/%e6%97%a5%e8%af%ad%e5%8a%a8%e8%af%8d%e7%9a%84%e9%9d%9e%e6%ad%a3%e5%bc%8f%e5%bd%a2%e5%bc%8f\/\">verbos na forma simples<\/a> e transforme cada par da tabela em duas frases pr\u00f3prias.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-0592b58decb6c\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u4e0d\u5e26\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u8be5\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u304c\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5982\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3059\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u95e8\u5f00\u4e86\u201d\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-7f9c8b70d615c\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u4ed6\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u4eba\u6216\u67d0\u7269\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u901a\u5e38\u63a5\u3092\uff0c\u5982 \u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u307e\u3059\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u7530\u4e2d\u5f00\u95e8\u201d\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-6c50d8a0f4fd8\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u548c\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5417\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u3002\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u67d0\u4e8b\u53d1\u751f\u6216\u72b6\u6001\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u3002\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6709\u7684\u53d8\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b83\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u53e5\u5b50\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u3002.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-5a45d8d03e1f0\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u6240\u6709\u5e26\u3092\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u90fd\u662f\u4ed6\u52a8\u8bcd\u5417\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>N\u00e3o. \u3092 tamb\u00e9m pode marcar percurso ou ponto de sa\u00edda, como em \u9053\u3092\u6b69\u304d\u307e\u3059, \u201ccaminhar pela rua\u201d, e \u30db\u30c6\u30eb\u3092\u51fa\u307e\u3059, \u201csair do hotel\u201d. Nesses casos, os verbos s\u00e3o intransitivos.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-d34238cea2e12\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Como memorizar pares transitivos e intransitivos?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Aprenda cada verbo dentro de uma frase curta, junto com sua part\u00edcula: \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304f para \u201ca porta abrir\u201d e \u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u308b para \u201cabrir a porta\u201d. Comparar as duas perspectivas \u00e9 mais seguro do que decorar apenas tradu\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-36418fc0e63a4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Qual \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a entre \u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3044\u308b e \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3042\u308b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3044\u308b costuma apresentar um estado observado, como \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059. \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3042\u308b pode indicar que o estado resulta de uma a\u00e7\u00e3o intencional, como \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u3051\u3066\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7406\u89e3\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u4ed6\u52a8\u8bcd\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u5e26\u6709\u304c\u548c\u3092\u7684\u914d\u5bf9\u3001\u793a\u4f8b\u3001\u7ec3\u4e60\u53ca\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u3002.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":2174,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,73,60],"tags":[71,2,3],"class_list":["post-2172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-verbos-em-japones","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2172","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2172"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2172\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4442,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2172\/revisions\/4442"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2174"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2172"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2172"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/zh_cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}