learn now the informal mood of Japanese verbs!
The simple form of a verb in Japanese would be something very close to the infinitive of verbs in Portuguese. That is, this is the most primitive form of a verb in Japanese.
The informal way of verbs in Japanese
Because it is the simplest form of a verb, Japanese dictionaries have adopted it as the standard form in their search indexes. Because of this fact, the simple form of Japanese verbs has come to be known as the dictionary form.
Hover over Japanese symbols to see their pronunciation and meaning
In terms of formality, the simple form of a Japanese verb is found at the informal level. Therefore, verbs with this conjugation should only be used when talking to friends and family. On more formal occasions such as parties and business meetings, it is more convenient to use the form ます of Japanese verbs.
Another interesting curiosity about the dictionary form, or simple form of verbs, is that it is the most common form used in Japanese anime and manga.
Conjugating Japanese Verbs
The conjugation of verbs in the simple form is not as complicated as many come to think. In fact, it even reminds me of the conjugation of adjectives in Japanese, but with some slight differences.
The present tense of verbs in Japanese
This is the default time used by Japanese dictionaries. In addition, it is also the form used to divide verbs into groups, facilitating the Japanese language study.
At the present time, there is nothing to do. We just memorized the most primitive form of Japanese verbs, paying attention to their endings.
Group of Japanese verbs ending in う
話す – falar
書く – escrever
聞く – ouvir
待つ – esperar
飲む – beber
Group of Japanese verbs ending in いる or える
見る – ver
起きる – acordar
出る – leave
食べる – to eat
Irregular Japanese Verb Group
する – fazer
来る – Vir
Past tense of Japanese verbs
Conjugating verbs in the dictionary form giving the idea of the past, varies according to each japanese verb group. Therefore, each group will have its own rules and forms of conjugation.
Group of verbs ending in う
1. For verbs ending in す, let's change the ending す per した.
話す will come 話した
貸す will come 貸した
2. For verbs ending in つ, う and る we exchange all these syllables for った.
待つ will come 待った
買う will come 買った
帰る will come 帰った
3. For verbs ending in く, we change the ending く per いた. However, be careful, as there may be exceptions, such as the past of 行く what is 行った.
書く will come 書いた
4. For verbs ending in ぐ, we change the ending ぐ per いだ.
急ぐ will come 急いだ
5. For verbs ending in ぶ, む and ぬ, we replace each of these endings withんだ.
遊ぶ will come 遊んだ
飲む will come 飲んだ
死ぬ will come 死んだ
Group of verbs ending in いる or える
For this group of verbs, just change the ending る by termination た.
見る will come 見た
出る will come 出た
食べる will come 食べた
Irregular Japanese Verb Group
For this group, there is no fixed rule. The best way is to consult a dictionary or a grammar.
する will come した
来る will come 来た
The negative present of Japanese verbs
This tense has a few rules, being easier to conjugate than previous tenses.
Group of verbs ending in う
To summarize everything in a simple rule, just change the last syllable ending in “u”, by the syllable of the same hiragana family ending in “a”, adding the extension ない. Note the examples below:
話す will come 話さない
書く will come 書かない
帰る will come 帰らない
In the case of verbs ending in つ and う, things change a bit. When the termination is つ, we exchange the つ per た + ない. And when the verb ending is う, we exchange the う per わ + ない.
待つ will come 待たない
買う will come 買わ ない
Group of verbs ending in いる or える
In this case, we have only one rule. We switch to termination る by termination ない.
見る will come 見ない
出る will come 出ない
食べる will come 食べない
Irregular Japanese Verb Group
There is no rule.
する will come しない
来る will come 来ない
The Past Negative of Japanese Verbs
Finally we come to the negative past tense of Japanese verbs. The good news is that this tense has only one rule for all groups of verbs, except for irregular ones.
To conjugate the past negative of Japanese verbs, just get the verb in the negative present and change the ending い per かった. See just the examples below:
話す will come 話さない and then turns 話さなかった
待つ will come 待たない and then turns 待たなかった
買う will come 買わ ない and then turns 買わ なかった
Irregular Japanese Verb Group
There is no rule.
する will come しなかった
来る will come 来なかった
Example sentences with verbs in Japanese
彼は英語を話す。
彼は魚を生で食べない。
昨日本を買った。
私は何も見なかった。
Kanji calligraphy exercise
Below are the Japanese ideographic symbols used in this article. Selecting the desired kanji, copy and paste them into Worksheet for Kana and Kanji Practice , a new window will open where you can view the printable file and practice Japanese calligraphy by covering the gray symbols and then trying to write yourself. Just print and practice.
| 飲 | 待 | 聞 | 書 | 話 |
| 着 | 見 | 起 | 信 | 出 |
| 寝 | 食 | 勉 | 強 | 旅 |
| 行 | 輸 | 入 | 走 | 帰 |
| 限 | 切 | 知 | 彼 | 英 |
| 語 | 魚 | 生 | 昨 | 日 |
| 本 | 私 | 何 |